（临沂专版）2019中考英语总复习 第二部分 专项语法 高效突破 专项1 名词课件.ppt

第二部分专项语法高效突破,专项1名词,高频考点精讲,1.规则变化,考点1可数名词复数,【注意】有些名词虽以s结尾，但它们不是复数。如：physics物理；maths数学；politics政治；news新闻。,2不规则变化,考点2不可数名词,1.不可数名词通常没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词a/an限定。2可用much，alittle，alotof/lotsof，some，any，plentyof等修饰。如：Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.在瓶子里有一点牛奶。3不可数名词的数量表达法：基数词/不定冠词量词of不可数名词。如：aglassofwater一杯水；twopiecesofpaper两张纸。【注意】不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词取决于of前面的名词的数。如：Therearethreeglassesofmilkonthetable.桌子上有三杯牛奶。,考点3名词所有格,名词所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式，一种是在名词后加s；另一种是用of，表示“的”。1s所有格,2.of所有格用来表示无生命的名词所有格。如：themapofChina中国地图；thedooroftheroom房间的门。3双重所有格of名词所有格。如：Heisafriendofmybrothers.他是我弟弟(哥哥)的一位朋友。of名词性物主代词。如：Issheadaughterofyours?她是你的一个女儿吗？,考点4名词词缀,英语中，有时一个名词加上不同的前缀或后缀就可以变为形容词。如：sleep(睡觉)asleep(睡着的)sleepy(瞌睡的；困乏的)；help(帮助)helpful(有帮助的)等。常见的名词变形容词的方法有：,考点5名词辨析,1.语境辨析分析临沂近十年的单项填空可以看出，名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时减少对单复数和固定搭配的考查。学生在做题时，首先要读懂句意，抓住题干中的关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合日常生活中的常识及语境，即可选出正确答案。如：我们口渴了就需要水(water)和饮料(tea，coffee，juice等)；饿了就需要食物(bread，rice，meat，noodles等)；我们邮寄东西就要去邮局(postoffice)等。,2近义词辨析(1)house，family与home,(2)sound，noise与voice,(3)job与work,(4)problem与question两个词都表示“问题”。problem总是与“困难”相联系，它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种“问题”是“有待解决的”，与其搭配的动词是solve；question总是与“疑问；质问；询问”相联系，这种“问题”是“有待回答的”，与其搭配的动词是answer。,十年真题全练,近十年来，临沂中考对名词的考查，主要考查的是名词复数、名词所有格及名词词缀。考查形式主要是单项填空、词形转换、听写等。预计2018年，可数名词复数、名词所有格和名词词缀仍是考查的重点。,考点1可数名词复数,1.2017临沂，63Howlongdoesittakeyoutogettoschool?About20_bysubway.(minute)22016临沂，57YoumayfindmostChinese_(kid)dontgetenoughexercise.32015临沂，57Bytheendofthismonth，peopleinBeijingwillbeabletobrushtheir_(tooth)withwaterfromHubei.42014临沂，58Everyoneknowsthat_(library)areplacesforpeopletostudy.,minutes,kids,teeth,libraries,52013临沂，63Pleasefinishyourfood.Therearemanyhungry_(baby)intheworld，youknow.62011临沂，73Asweknow，ZhangJiajieisfamousforthedifferent_(shape)ofmountains.72008临沂，71Therearemanyfresh_(potato)inthesupermarket.82008临沂，68Howdoyouknowthatautumnhasarrived?Onewayisthatthetree_(leaf)becomeyelloworred.,babies,shapes,potatoes,leaves,考点3名词所有格,9.2015临沂，19Ilivenearthestation.Itsonlyaboutfivewalk.AminutesBminuteCminutesDminutes102014临沂，60Itissaidthat(tomorrow)sportsmeetinghasbeenputoffbecauseofthebadweather.112008临沂，18Thisisnotmydictionary.Its_Shelentittomethismorning.AmysisterBmysistersCmysistersDmysisters,C,tomorrows,C,考点4名词词缀,12.2017临沂，67MaryandTonyareapairofpetpigs.Thetwohaverecentlygotaspeciallicensesothattheir_(own)cantakethemforawalk.132016临沂，62Schoolbus_(safe)isabigprobleminChina.142015临沂，63Afterclass，childrenwentoutoftheirclassroomtoenjoythe_(warm)ofthesun.152014临沂，62The_(win)ofthephotocompetitionwasa30yearoldmanfromShanghai.162013临沂，64Theboyistooyoungtoknowthe_(dangerous)ofsmoking.,owner(s),safety,warmth,winner,danger,172013临沂，65Nancywantstobecomea_(translate)whenshegrowsup.182012临沂，71LiNaisanoutstandingtennis_(play)192011临沂，74Davidisgoodatdrawingandhesgoingtobean_(art)whenhegrowsup.202010临沂，72ThePalaceMuseumhasalarge_(collect)Peoplecanlearnalotinit.212008临沂，67Xiaomengisapopular_(report)atCCTVStation.,translator,player,artist,collection,reporter,猜押预测,一、单项填空1EachcoupleinChinacanhavetwo_fromJanuary1st，2016.AboyBgirlCchildrenDchild2Whatwouldyouliketoeat?Some_，please.AbreadBappleCcoffeeDtea3Whatwouldyoulikeforbreakfast?Idlike_AtomatonoodleBtomatonoodlesCtomatoesnoodleDtomatoesnoodles4Therearemany_aboutthisfarm.Yes，lotsof_areplantedonit.Aphoto；potatoBphotos；potatosCphotos；potatoesDphotoes；potatoes,C,A,B,C,5Itsabout_frommyschooltomyhouse.A20minuteswalkB20minuteswalkCwalkof20minutesD20minuteswalks6Your_isveryhelpful.IguessIlltakeit.AsecretBadviceCpromiseDpurpose7Great_forfootballloversmorethan50，000soccerschoolswillbebuiltinourcountrybytheendof2025.AnewsBmessageCsituationDinformation8HewasborninGermany，buthehasmadeChinahis_AfamilyBaddressChouseDhome,A,B,A,D,9Cathyhassuchagood_thatshewonmanyprizesinsingingcompetitionslastyear.AsleepBideaCvoiceDtime10Itshottoday.Havesome_，please.No，thanks.Imnotthirstyatall.AwaterBpotatoesCbreadDcakes二、词形转换用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词。1Howmany_haveyoubeento？(city)2Mygrandmaisinterestedintaking_withhermobilephone.(photo)3Moreactionmustbetakentostop_(pollute)4Thereresome_betweenthem.(different),C,A,cities,photos,pollution,differences,5Tonysfatheranduncleareboth_Theyhelpkeepthecitysafe.(policeman)6On_Day，Ioftenprepareaspecialgiftformyfather.(father)7Dickdecidedtolose_byeatinglessanddoingmoreexercise.(weigh)8Jimlaidoutthe_andforksatthelunchtable.(knife)9_grandparentsusuallyhaveawalkaroundthelakeinthemorning.(Kate)10ThisbookstoresellsmanyEnglish_.Youcanchoosewhatyoulike.(dictionary)1