初中英语定语从句讲解 带习题.doc

定语从句一、 概念：定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。二、 定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. 手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。三、 定语从句的语法术语：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。四、 关系代词或关系副词的作用：（一）关系代词 成分人物人和物省？主语whothat/whchthat否宾语whom/who(介词前移:介+whom)that/which(介词前移:介+which)that可定语whoseof which/whose/否关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表：who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。1、先人，后主，后宾，后定。如：主：He is talking to the girl who/that wears a red coat. 他正在和那个穿红色大衣的女孩谈话。宾：This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for.这个就是我们一直在找的小偷。She is the woman for whom we are waiting. 她是那位我们正在等候的女士。定：Do you know the man whose car was stolen? 你认识那个汽车被盗的人吗？ 2、先物，后主，后宾，后定。 主：Football is a game which/that is popular with most boys. 足球是一项受到大多数男孩欢迎的运动。 宾：This the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 定：The house whose windows are broken is mine. 那座破了窗户的房子是我的。 3、先人加物。 These are the men and the things (that )we talked about.(二)关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. （where = in which）这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。 I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (when = on which)我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。 These are the reasons why we do it.这些就是我们做这件事情的原因。 五、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整（修饰限定，不能省）。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,用who或 which引导。这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思（补充说明，可以省）。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. 她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。 This is Toms father, who is in hospital. This is Toms father who is in hospital.六、关系代词只能用that或只能用which的情况：1.当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, none, anything, everything等),如：All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？) /2.当先行词部分含有最高级,含有序数词或有the only时, 如：This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。) 3、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom. 如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)4、当先行词是that本身时，只能用which.如：He is looking at that which was written by me. （他正在看由我写的那些话。）一、选择最佳答案填空：1Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday?A. who B. whom C. which D. whose2. Thats all _ I have seen and heard.A. which B. that C. where D. what3. Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about _ yesterday ?A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been5. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading.A. that B. as C. who D. which6. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate.A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which7. _ cleans the classroom can go home first.A. Anyone B. those whoo C. However D. The one who8. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag.A. he B. that C. whom D. which9. The girl _ is reading under