河南大学老师的课件霍桑.ppt

NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)（纳撒尼尔霍桑）,TheScarletLetter（红字）,PortraitofHawthorne,CoverofTheScarletLetter,I.Life,1.Birthplace:Salem,Massachusetts2.Familybackground:afamilywithalongPuritantradition;fatherdiedwhenhewasonly4yearsold;motherreliedonrelativesinrearingherfourchildren3.Education:readingextensivelybyhismid-teensandaspiredtobeawriter;from1821-1825,hestudiedatBowdoincollegeinMaine.,Puritanism清教主义,PuritanscamefromtheEstablishedChurchofEnglandinthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies.TheyweresocalledbecausetheywishedtopurifytheformsandritualsoftheChurch.ThoughitwaspilgrimsthatfirstcametoNewEngland,yetPuritanismsoonbecamethedominantfaithwithitsrathergloomyoutlookonlife.ThePuritansheldthatmanlivedtosufferandhemusttoilmightilyforthegloryofGod.Theirdoctrinewaswidelyknownforitsextremelyrigidandstrictmorality.,II.LiteraryCareer,1837-1842:Twice-ToldTales故事新编1846:MossesfromanOldManse古屋青苔1850:TheScarletLetter红字1851:TheHouseoftheSevenGables带七个尖角阁的房子1852:TheBlithedaleRomance福谷传奇,III.Style,1.Hawthornewroteromancewhichwastopresentthetruthofthehumanheartbythewritersownchoice.2.Psychologicaltruthwasmoreimportantthanactualtruth.3.Heusedsymbolsandsettingtorevealthepsychologyofthecharacters.4.Hislanguageissoft,flowing,andalmostfeminine.,IV.Significance,Hawthorneissignificant1)asaromanticwriterbecauseheusedtheNewEnglandregionalpastassubjectandsettingforhisstoriesandheshowedgreatconcernabouttheAmericanpast.2)forhisthemes:theconsequencesofpride,selfishness,andsecretguilt;theconflictbetweenlightheartedandsomberattitudestowardlife;theimpingementofpast(especiallythePuritanpast)uponthepresent;thefutilityofcomprehensivesocialreforms;theimpossibilityoferadicatingsinfromthehumanheart;alienationandsolitude;natureandnaturalimpulses;andunconsciousfantasyanddream.3)forhisstyle,V.TheScarletLetter,Plot,ThestorytakesplaceinPuritanBostonduringthemid-17thcentury.YoungHesterPrynne,a“fallenwoman,”issentencedtowearascarletletterA,signifying“adultery,”becauseshehasaloverwhenheragedhusbandisnotwithher.Consequentlysheisdriven“outoftheordinaryrelationswithhumanity,”andisthusabletoviewcriticallythevariousaspectsofsociety.,Hesterisnotoverwhelmedbytheharshlifeimposeduponher.SheencouragesherlovertofleewithhertoEuropebutinvain.Shebecomessympatheticwithotherunfortunates,regainsthetrustofherneighborsandeventuallyredressestheshamefromtheScarletLetter.,WhileHesterislivinginhumiliation,herlover,whosenamesherefusestotell,issufferingfromaguiltyconscience.HeistheReverendArthurDimmesdale,arevered,seeminglysaintlyyoungminister.Afteryearsofhiddentortureandstrugglehemakesapublicconfessiononthescaffold,receivesthekissofhisdaughterPearlanddies,inHestersarms,his“deathoftriumphantignominy.”,Hestershusband,assumingthenameRogerChillingworthasaphysician,makesunremittingeffortsinsearchingforherparamourandishauntedbythedesireofrevenge.Hebecomescold-blooded,dehumanized,andfinallywithersup,shrivelsaway,anddiesnotoverayearafterDimmesdalesdeath.,Characters,HesterPrynne:aprettyyoungwoman;embodimentoftheAmericanDream;self-reliant;courageous;faithfultolove;independent;strong-willed;capable;angellike,ArthurDimmesdale,RogerChillingworth,themes,Itrevealsthemoralisolationwiththeindividualisolatedfromthecommunity.Itexaminestheeffectofhiddensinandsecretguilt.Itexploresthetensionbetweenthehead(intellect)andtheheart(warmthandfeeling),andthedestructiveimpulsesofthehumanminduncontrolledbytheemotionsoftheheart.Ithighlightsthenecessityofwarmhumanrelationship,thenatureofsin,andadistrustofscienceandintellect,Itshowsthatthemoralgrowthoftheindividualcomesthrough,orasaresultof,sinandsuffering.Marriageshouldbebasedonlove.Lovelessmarriageleadstoinfidelity.Puritanismisagainsthumannature.Self-relianceisavirtue,Theguiltcanbeseenasastrategyforachievingtheselfandalienationcanbeinterpretednotasthepunishmentforguiltbutastheopportunityforachievinganindependentself,onewhichcanmorallytranscendsocietyandculture.Thejourneyfrominnocencetomaturityrequiresaconfrontationwithevil.ItattackssocietyforitspersecutionofthosewhoviolatemansconventionsbutnoneofNatureslaws.,VITopicsforDiscussion,1.WhydoesHesterhavethecouragetospeakDimmesdalevaguelyhintsat,butdaresnotspeak?Analyzetheircharactersrespectively.2.WhateffectdoestheScarletLetterhaveonHester?HesterandDimmesdalereasserttheirloveforeachotherinth