技巧专题-阅读理解.ppt

阅读理解,高考技巧专题复习系列-,Sep.2010,2010总体阅读量为1921词（不含标点及中文注释），阅读速度大约为80词/分钟。比较近五年的数据，全国卷1阅读理解部分的总体阅读量维持在2000词左右，且呈逐年下降的趋势（2006年阅读量为2130词，2009年为2078词）。在2010考试中，五篇文章阅读量呈递增关系，其中D和E两篇文章的阅读量超过了400词，要做到足够的耐心和细心。值得注意的是，虽然E篇的正文部分字数达到了363词，但题目字数仅为106，降低做题难度，可以先读题，然后带着问题有选择地阅读文章。,2010文章体裁与题材A应用文旅游景点广告B新闻报道学校教育C说明文介绍一种鸟类D议论文宠物对人类生活的影响E记叙文“我”去马来西亚的火车旅行,2010年阅读理解考点分布,主旨：3（59，63，67）细节：12（56，57，58，60，61，64，66，69，70，71，72，74）推理：4（62，65，68，75）词汇：1（73）,20道试题中，简单题10道，中档题6道，难题4道，比例为5：3：2，在难度适当的基础上具有一定的区分度。,2009年阅读理解考点分布,主旨：2（59，68）细节：8（56，57，60，62，64，65，72，73）推断：6（58，61，63，70，74，75）深层理解：2（67，71）词汇：2（66，69）,2010在词汇方面的考查力度与2009相比略有加强。复合词频繁出现是一个特点。比如，A篇出现了highly-praised、birthplace和wheelchair，B篇出现了timecard、paychecks、product-related和guidelines等。语法方面，出现了一些长难句，比如D篇第一段要了解并列、转折、因果等分句的特点以及从句的划分。,Readingcomprehension,1、细节理解题(questionsofdetails)2、词义猜测题(wordsincontext)3、推理判断题(questionsofinference)4、主旨归纳题(mainidea),1.questionsofdetails,细节理解题,一般针对某个特定细节而提出，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。推荐方法：通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细节；并选用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。,细节题正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。干扰项的特点：1.是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2.符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3.与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。,2.Wordsincontext,词义猜测题,从考查内容看，主要是猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代。,解题技巧：充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义。根据因果关系、对比关系、定义、解释和复述来猜测词义。,1.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword?2.Thewordcouldbestbereplacedby3.Intheparagraph,thewordmeans(refersto)4.Accordingtothepassage,probablymeans5.Theauthorusesthewordtomean,Questionforms:,Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.（1分钟）,Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans_.honorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement,Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhentheyrebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”（1分钟）Theyunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_.A.valueB.resultC.performanceD.connection,阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。,Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,adogcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare-tryingtolickmetodeath.”（2分钟）Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”inthethirdparagraph?A.Messyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Foreignandunusual.,对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。对比的事物是互为相反的，因此可根据反义或对比关系从已知推出未知。,猜测句意正确答案的特点：1.与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同；2.是原句意思的高度概括。干扰项也有一些特点：1.干扰项往往是片面的，不能涵盖原句的全部意思；2.干扰项中的某个成分，如时间、地点等与原句存在出入；3.干扰项与原句意思完全不符。,Wecouldntaffordallthenecessarymedicationforhim,andbecauseDadwasunabletowork.Ihadnomoneyforschoolsuppliesandoftencouldntevenbuyfoodfordinner.Iwouldsitinclassfeelingcompletelylost,theteacherswordsmuffledasItriedtofigureouthowIwasgoingtomanage.（2006北京）Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.Kerrelcouldntunderstandherteacher.B.Kerrelhadspecialdifficultyinhearing.C.Kerrelwastootroubledtofocusonthelesson.D.Kerrelwastootiredtoheartheirteacherswords.,3.questionsofinference,推理判断题,1.Wecaninfer(推断)fromthepassagethat_.2.Thestorysuggests(暗示)that_.3.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_.4.Whichofthefollowingmight/probablyhappenedlater?5.Fromthepassagewecantell/learn_.6.Thewriterofthepassageconsidersit_.7.Whichofthefollowingindicates/implies_?,Questionforms:,Keypoint:意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬,Steps:1.Studythequestions2.不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自己的推断;3.杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。,1.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalledthedeathwatchbeetle.（1分钟）Thesoundofthisbeetle_.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.,Practice:,2.Itissaidthatpeopleshouldtakealessonfromtheclock.Theclockpassesthetimebykeepingitshandsbusy.Peoplewhodowhattheclockdoesalsopassthetimebykeepingtheirhandsbusyandnotbysleepingthetimeaway.（1.5分钟）Youcantellthatbusypeople_A.actlikeclocks.B.sleepthetimeaway.C.dontdowhatclocksdo.D.donthavehands.,3.Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudontturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.（1.5分钟）Youcantellthatrocks_.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.wontbefoundonbeachesD.cantbefoundonbeaches,揣摩作者态度、意图正确答案的特点：1.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的同义、近义句；2.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的升华；3.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的概括。,其干扰项的特点为：1.是作者在文章中所批驳的观点；2.是文章里所提到的某个细节，但并非作者的态度或意图；3.是文章中根本未提及的内容。,4.Howtogetthemainidea?,主旨归纳题,Characteristicsofthiskindofquestions:,1.该观点是作者的观点（不是他人的观点，不是描写、说明，也不一定是事实）。,2.该观点可能是作者提倡的，也可能是作者对他人观点的批驳。,3.作者的观点只能有一个，其他的内容都起说明、论证作用。,4.主旨句具有归纳性、概括性、抽象性的特点。,5.常常结构复杂（命题者有意安排所致）。,Questionforms:,Thesubjectofthepassageis_.,2.Themainideais_.,5.Thetitleis_.,3.Thepassagemainlytalksabout_.,4.Whattopicistreatedinthispassage?,9.Thepointofthepassageisthat_.,8.Whatsthetopicofthefirstparagraph?,6.Thebestheadlineforthepassagewouldbe_.,7.Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage?,10.Whatsthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?,Twotypes:mainidea;topic/title,1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?（1.5分钟）,Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.,Practice：,2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi-onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.（1分钟）,So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance,3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only79.Twodayssale.Hu-rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.(2.5分钟)Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale,Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.,(detail)(detail)(detail),诱售法,4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.（2分钟）