高中语法现在完成时和现在完成进行时.ppt

Unit1Grammar,Presentperfecttense&presentcontinuoustense,past,now,Yesterday,wecleanedtheclassroom.,Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.,用法1,强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,现在完成时,1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause_2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_.3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI_,myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.,haveseenitbefore,havedoneit.,“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaventreadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?,already:,Yet:,“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?,“从来不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.,ever,never,“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?,“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。haveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.,just,before,“刚刚”用在陈述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel。,Shebegantoworkin2005.Shestillworksherenow.Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor9years.,now,past,IbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.,IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolforfiveyears.,用法2：,过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。,1.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I_forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.,haveworked,havestayed,sinceandfor,Thewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago),since2yearsago,since1998,sinceshecametotheschool),for+时间段,since+时间点,for2years/alongtime,一、用for和since填空。,_threehours_threeoclock_twodays_yesterdayafternoon_Icamehere_lastSunday,_aweek_alongtime_1997_twoweeks_threeyearsago_lastmonth,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,Exercise根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.ShesaysWouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?Yousay:No,thankyou._(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersaysCanIspeaktoJoe?Yousay:Imafraid_.(goout),hehasjustgoneout,Ivejusthadlunch.,3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(预定）atable.LateryourfriendsaysShallIphonetoreserveatable?Yousay:No,_it(do),Ihaventfinishedityet.,Ihavealreadydone,1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Janehasjusthadbreakfast.(含义是:简现在不饿了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含义是:现在已在此地),2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。Ihaventseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.,3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等标志词Hehasalreadygotachancetogoabroad.Ihaventseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet？,4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.,5.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpoemssofar.Manhasnowlearnedtomakeuseofnaturalmaterials.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptotheseweeks,everythinghasbeensuccessful.,have(has)gone和have(has)been的区别,1.have(has)gone表示“已经去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。),2.have(has)been表示“曾经去过某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。),非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。如不能说：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.()但可以说：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.或：Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook.或：Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook.,这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。becomebeborrowkeepbuyhavebegin(start)beonopenbeopendiebedeadleave-beawaycome-behere/ingooutbeoutjoin-beamember/beinbegintostudy-study,注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：Ihaventboughtanythingfortwodays.,现在完成进行时,通常使用现在完成进行时的几种情况：1.表过去开始的动作持续到现在并仍在继续中Shehasbeentalkingtomesinceshesawme.2.表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联Sorry,Imlate,haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Yes,Ihavebeenwaitingforanhour.,C,1.Theprice_recently,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.Awentdown,BwillgodownChasgonedownDwasgoingdown2.Inthepastfewyearsthere_greatchangesinDaMiaotown.AisBwereChavebeenDwillbe.,C,Icleantheblackboardeveryday.Illcleantheblackboardinseveralminutes.Imnowcleaningtheblackboard.Icleanedtheblackboardseveralminutesago.Ihavecleanedtheblackboardforseveralminutes.,Ihavebeencleaningtheblackboardforseveralminutes/sinceseveralminutesago.,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别I,(1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作,并有可能持续下去,强调动作的全过程；表示从过去到现在的重复性动作。(2)注意:多用于延续性动词，如work,live,study,skate,collect,表示在某一特定时间之前曾经发生过的动作,或者到这一时间为止已经完成的动作.,1.现在完成时:have+过去分词,2.现在完成进行时:have+been+现在分词,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别II,（1）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如：Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。,（2）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：Ivebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours,butIhaventfinishedit.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ivereadthisbook.我已读完这本书了。,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别II,（3）有些表示状态、感情、感觉的静态动词，如：have,like,hate,hear,know,sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：Theyveknowneachothersince1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。,（4）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。如：Wevebeenseeingea