八年级上册英语知识点总结1-10--.doc

德一教育让优秀成为一种习惯 2016暑假 打印张凯文的课时删去黑体部分八年级上册Unit1-10重要知识点讲解与练习Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?一，一般过去时用法：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态。以句中表示过去的时间状语作为标志词。例如：1.yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening)等；2.由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：lastnight,lastyear(winter,month,week)等；3.由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：amomentago,ashorttimeago,anhourago等；4.其它：justnow等5.由某些表示过去时态的从句等。构成：谓语动词用过去式。Eg：Hewenttothebeachyesterday。 否定句：一般疑问句：特殊疑问句：动词过去式变形：（1）.规则变化 1一般在动词原形末尾加-ed play_ clean_ 2结尾时e的动词加-d dance_ decide_ 3末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop_ 4以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed study worry（2）不规则变化，如：runran , swimswam , thinkthought要求学生自己去记忆。练习：I 写出下列动词的过去式1. stay_ 2. carry_ 3. stop_ 4. exercise_ 5. write_6. feel_ 7. has_ 8. find_ 9. forget_ 10. leave_II 用所给词的适当形式填空1.We_(play)basketballyesterdayafternoon. 2.Myuncle_(live)inBeijingin2000.3.They_(plan)tobuildanewbridgelastyear. 4.I_(study)foratestlastnight.5.Lilysfather_(work)intheofficetwoyearsago.III 单项选择()1.-_didyougoonvacation?-HongKong.A.WhatB.HowC.WhereD.When()2.I_myhomeworklastnight.Iwenttothecinemawithmyparents.A.didB.didntC.didntdoD.dontdo()3.-Didtheycleanthehouseyesterdayafternoon?-_.Theycleaneditthismorning.A.No,theydontB.Yes,theydidC.No,theydidntC.Yes,theydo()4.-_Tom _awalkyesterdayevening?-No,he_.A.Did;taked;didntB.Does;take;didntC.Did;take;didntD.Do;take;dont()5.-Thecoatlooksgoodonyou.Where_you_it?-Inasupermarket.A.do;buyB.did;buyC.will;buyD.does;buy二、复合不定词Didyougowithanyone?Didyoufindanythingspecial?构成：thingeveryonewheresomeanyeveryno1.指代对象：1)-one/-body只用来指人，在功能和意义上完全相同，可互换。例：someone/somebodyiscryinginthenextroom2)thing的复合不定代词只用来指物。Icanthearnothing.2.复合不定代词的数：复合不定代词做句子主语时，谓语动词用单数。Nothingisdifficultifyouputheartintoit.3.复合不定代词的定语后置。Canyoutellmesomethinginteresting?4.含some/any复合不定代词的用法区别：（1）含some的通常用于肯定句中。含any的通常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。（2）但在表示委婉的疑问和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句以及表示反问的问句中，也可使用含some复合不定代词。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?注意：-where是副词。somewhere“在某处”,anywhere“在任何地方”，everywhere“到处，四处”其中somewhere,anywhere的用法和含some/any复合不定代词的用法一样。练习：I 单项选择()1.-Wherewouldyouliketospendyourvacation?-Idliketogo_.IhathotdaysA.coolsomewhereB.somewherecoolC.hotsomewhereD.somewherehot()2.-Didyouseemypen_?-Sorry,IdidntA.somewhereB.anywhereC.nowhereD.Everywhere()3.Thereis_intodaysnewspaper.Letsreadastorybook.A.somethinginterestingB.nothinginterestingC.interestingsomethingD.interestingnothing()4.-Isthere_wrongwithyourcomputer?-Yes,itdoesntwork.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything()5.-Haveyougot_readyforthesportsmeeting?-Notyet.Westillhave_todo.A.anything;nothingB.something;everythingC.everything;somethingC.something;nothing1I 用不定代词或不定副词填空。1. I cant hear anything = I can hear _.2. There is _ on the floor. Please pick it up.3. Did _ go to play basketball with you ?4. I phoned you last night, but _ answered it.5. I dont think _ telephoned.9. Dont worry. Theres _ wrong with your ears.10. Theres _ in the box. Its empty.11. Maybe _ put my pencil _. I cant find it _.三、反身代词oneselfmy/ouryourhim/her/it/them单数self复数selves用法：enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高兴 byoneself独立、独自dressoneself自己穿衣服 lookafteroneself照看自己 help oneself to sth随便吃点 learn sth by oneself=teach onself sth.自学练习：()1.Mysisteristwentyyearsold.Shecanlookafter_.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself()2.NobodytaughtmeEnglish.Ilearneditby_.A.IB.myC.mineD.myself()3.Iboughtsomething_myparents.But_formyself.A.to;anythingB.for;nothingC.for;anything()4.（2015湖北随州，27）The exchange student from Australia is a friend of _.She enjoyed _ at the Art Festival held in Beijing yesterday. A. me；herself B. mine；hers C. mine；herself D. me；hers ()5. （2015福建漳州，32）Liu Mei can speak Japanese so well！Who taught her？ Nobody . She taught _. A. her B. hers C. herself 6. （2015贵州黔东南，22）Can you make _ understood in English？ Yes，I can. A. yourself B. you C. yours D. your 7. （2015上海，27）Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by _. A. I B. me C. my D.myself 8. （2015四川成都，43）Its true that we are not born for _. A. us B. ours C. ourselves 9. （2015吉林，36）Last month，I went to the computer museum with my parents. We enjoyed _ and learned a lot. A. us B. ourselves C. our 其他重点知识点1. arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 /get to +地点/reach +地点 到达某地2. decide to do sth.决定去做某事3. so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于4. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事Unit2 how often do you exercise?一 how often/ how long / how far/ how soonhow often多久一次对次数和频率提问，如：always, usually, often. hardly ever, never, sometimes, everyday (week, month, year),once a week, twice a month 等表示频度的副词或短语提问how long多长时间 对“for+一段时间”或” ,“since+时间段+ago”等时间短语提问how far多远对距离提问how soon多久对“in+一段时间“提问【2013广东4】 _ is it from the village to your farm? About 10 minutes walk. A. How often B. How soon C How longD. How far【2014江苏盐城1】 _does Nancy help the old lady with her housework? About twice a week. A. How often B. How long C. How much D. How soon【2014山东泰安】26. _ will your father come back from Beijing?In two days. A.How often B.How long C.How far D.How soon二 频度副词：表示频率不确定：always;usually;oftensometimesseldom；hardlyever;never 表示确定的频率短语：everyday/week/month/year每天/周/月/年onceaweek每周一次twiceaweek每周两次twiceamonth一月两次threetimesaday一天三次注：三次或三次以上一般用“基数词times”表示。（3）在句中位置：频度副词在句中通常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，在实义动词之前。例：Sheisoftenlateforschool. Healwayshelpsme.三 spend的用法spend /pay /cost/ take 花费动词主语宾语句型结构spend 人时间或金钱sb. spend on sth/ in doing sthpay人金钱pay. for cost物金钱sth cost sb. some moneytake it时间It takes sb. . to do sth 【2012湖南永州】 My father _ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car. A. spent B. cost C. paid 【2014贵州黔南州】5. We should remember to spend some time _ your loved ones, because theyre not going to be around forever. A. from B. with C. in D. on【2014四川乐山】78. Jim wants to buy a new iPhone. It will _(花费) him more than 5000 yuan.四“Its+adj+for sb. +todosth做某事是的”Itsgoodforyoutoeatalotofvegetables.多吃蔬菜对你有好处。翻译：对儿童来说每天得到足够的睡眠很重要。五although的用法although=though 为连词，意为：“虽然，尽管”。注意：在英语中，当表示“虽然，但是.”这样的意思时，although和but不能在同一个句子中使用。也就是说，在一个句子中，有although就没有but ，反之亦然。如：Although the car is old , it still runs well.=The car is old , but it still runs well.这辆小车旧了，但是依然跑得不错。 ( ) _ he isnt rich enough, he often gives away money to some poor children. A. Though B. When C. Because D. If( ) _ he is very tried, he still tries _. A. Because ; work B. Because; to work C. Although; working D. Although ;to work其他重点知识点1. How about doing?=what about doing .怎么样？2. want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事3. .the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式Unit3 Im more outgoing then my sister-Unit4 Whats the best movie theater? 形容词和副词的三级1形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化(1)一般在词尾直接加-er或-est。如：tall taller tallest, long longer longest(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r或-st。如：nice nicer nicest, large lagrer largest(3)以辅音字母y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est。如：heavy heavier heaviest, busy busier busiest, funny funnier funniest(4)在重读闭音节中，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-er或-est。如：big bigger biggest, hot hotter hottest, thin thinnerthinnest， fat fatter fattest(5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。如：slowly more slowly most slowly, beautiful more beautiful most beautifulimportant more important most important2形容词和副词的不规则变化good/well better best many/much more most ill/bad/badly worse worst little lessleast far farther/further farthest/furthest3三级的用法(1)原级的用法 只能修饰原级的词有very, quite, so, too等。如：The old man is _ walk on. 那个老人太累了以至于不能再继续走了。 原级常用的句型结构a“Av.as形容词原级/副词原级as B”表示“A和B程度相同”。如：Lucy is as old as Kate. 露西和凯特的年龄一样大。Tom runs _ Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。b“ Av.notas/so形容词原级/副词原级as B” 表示“A不如B”如：This classroom is _ that one. 这个教室不如那个大。He doesnt walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。(2)比较级的用法可用much, even, a little等词修饰形容词、副词的比较级。如：(1) Now I feel even more tired this morning than I usually do.(2) If you do that, youll soon feel much healthier.(3) Kate felt a little better.比较级常用的句型结构1）“Av.(倍数)比较级thanB”表示“A比B”或“A比B几倍”如：Jim is taller than Kate. 吉姆比凯特高。This ball is _ that one. 这个球比那个大三倍。2）“Av.比较级thanany other单数名词(介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围内的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“A最”。如：Xiaoming is taller than _ in his class. 小明比他班上其他任何男孩都高。Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class.小明是他班上最高的男孩。3）“Av.the比较级of the two”表示“A是两者中较的”。 如： Look at the two boys. Xiaoming is _ the two. 看那两个男孩，小明是两个当中较高的那个。4）“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”如：He is getting _他越来越高了。He does his homework more and more carefully. 他做作业越来越认真了。5）“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越，就越”如： The more, the better. 越多越好。_ you work，_ your grades will be. 你越努力学习，你的成绩就越好。6）“特殊疑问词v.比较级，A or B？”如：Which is bigger, the blue ball or the red one? 哪一个大，蓝球还是红球？注意 比较级前常用much, even, still, a little, a bit, a lot, far, any等词修饰。7)当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候，用other或者else排除自己，因为自己不能和自己比较。ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.上海比中国其他的城市大。8)如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候，则不存在和自己比较的情况，所以可以不用other或者else。 ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinHeilongjiang.上海比黑龙江的任何城市都大。9)使用比较级时，前后两个比较项要保持一致，若前一个比较项是不可数名词，则后一个比较项可为替代词that;如果前一个比较项是可数名词复数，则后一个比较项可为替代词thoseTheweatherinNanjingiswarmerthanthatinBeijinginwinter.ThestudentofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.(3)最高级常用句型结构“主语v.the最高级(单数名词)in/of短语”，表示“是中最的”。 如：Tom is the tallest (student) in his class.Tom is the tallest of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。I jump _ in my class. 我是我们班跳得最远的。“主语v.one of the最高级复数名词in/of短语”，表示“是中最之一”。 如：Beijing is _ in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。“特殊疑问词v.the最高级A，B，or C？”用于三者以上的比较。如：Which season do you like _， spring, summer or autumn？ 你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？“主语v.the序数词最高级”，表示“是中的第几”如：Tom is_boy in his class. 汤姆是他们班身高第二的男生。练习：I 根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：1. Bob is _ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) as Yongxian. 3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _(fat) than before . 4.Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _(tall). She is much _(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8.He is one of the_ _(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little _ _ (beautiful) than her sister.13.My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s.14.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I don t think so.15.- Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _(well).16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat).18. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one.II 选择题1The scarves are all beautiful. I cant decide which one to choose. Oh, look at this red one. I think its _.（2015江西） A. beautiful B. more beautiful C.the most beautiful D. less beautiful 2.In North America, _ meat eaters are bears and mountain lions. They eat smaller animals such as rabbits and mice. （2015苏州） A. smallest B. the smallest C. largest D. the largest 3.My time in the middle school was one of _ periods of my life. （2015杭州） A.exciting B.more exciting C.the more exciting D.the most exciting4.If overweight people eat less and take more exercise, theyll soon feel much _.（2015德州） A.fatter B.older C.bigger D.healthier 5.How are you getting along with your English study? Much better. I dont feel it was as _ as before. （2015泰安） A. Interesting B.much C.difficult D.easy 6.The prices of the houses at the moment are still very _.（2015武威） A.high B.expensive C.higher D.more expensive 7.Im a little _ now. Oh, its lunch time. Lets go to the nearest restaurant to get something to eat. （2015襄阳） A.thirsty B.worried C.hungry D.bored8.Its cold today. I cant stand it. I hope tomorrow wont be so _. I cant, either. But the radio says it will be even _ tomorrow. （2015襄阳） A. cold, cold B.cold, colder C.colder, colder D.colder, coldest9.Lucy is a(n)_ student，she answers the teachers questions_ in her class.(2014，陕西)Amore active；more actively Bactive；more activelyCmore active；the most actively Dactive；the most actively10.I think my hometown is becoming_Amore beautiful and more beautiful Bmore and more cleanerCmore and more beautiful Dclean and clean11.The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.(2014，淮北模拟)Amore Bmuch more Cmuch Dmore much12.Canada is larger than_ country in North America.(2014，宣城模拟)Aany Bany other Cother Dother any13.It takes a long time to by train，its_ by boat.(2014，蚌埠模拟)Aquick Bthe quickest Cmuch quick Dquicker14Its one of the_ things in the world to stay with friends.(2014，滁州模拟)I agree with you.It always makes us comfortable.Ahappiest Bworst Cbusiest Dhardest15. We are so glad to see Meizhou is developing_ these years than it did before.(2014，梅州)Amore quickly Bthe more quickly Cmost quickly Dthe most quicklyUnit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?一 常见单词的用法1.newsn.news新闻，新闻节目，一般不与冠词或数词连用。表示“一则新闻”用apieceofnews。Thereare intodaysnewspaper.今天的报纸上有两则新闻。2. mind基本用法v.mind介意，反对，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中，后接名词、代词或动名词Shedoesntmind thedoor.她不介意开门3.planv.plan计划，打算，后接名词、不定式或从句。（过去式:planned过去分词:planned现在分词:planning第三人称单数:plans）He thisweekend.本周末他计划去旅行。Sheplans Russia.她计划学俄语。n.plan计划，方案，makeaplan“制定计划”。Everyonehastomakeaplan.每个人必须制定一个计划。二 another,other,theother,others与theothers的区别1.another指不定数目（三个或三个以上）中的“另一个；又一个”，用来代替或修饰单数数名词。如：Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea?你想再来一杯茶吗2.theother通常指两个中的“另一个”，后也可接名词，常用的用法有：onetheother。如：Shehastwodaughters.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.她有两个女儿。一个是教师，另一个是医生。3.other意为“另外的；其他的”，后接复数名词。如WestudyChinese,math,Englishandotherlessons.我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他学科。4.others泛指“另外的人或物”常用的用法有：someothers。如：Somelikeswimming,otherslikeboating.有些人喜欢游泳。另