RelativeClause关系从句的用法.ppt

EnglishGrammar,ChangbiaoLiDecember,2009,Lecture6,MajorContents,Lecture1IntroductiontoNEGLecture2Non-finiteverb(infinitive,-ing/-edparticiples)Lecture3Subject-verbconcordLecture4DeterminersLecture5Tense,aspect,voiceandmoodLecture6RelativeclauseLecture7CohesionandcoherenceLecture8Sentencepatterns(It-pattern,coordination/subordination,conditionalsentence,postponement/fronting/inversion,comparison),Lecture6RelativeClause,1.,Peerdiscussion,CommentsonEssay3Passagecorrection,1.DefinitionofRelativeClause,ArelativeclauseisaclausethatisintroducedbyarelativewordbyarelativepronounorbyarelativedeterminerorbyarelativeadverbIshallneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredtheuniversity.,antecedent,Relativeclause,byarelativepronoun,examples,Heisamanwho/thatmeanswhathesays.Peoplewhosedogbiteotherpeopleshouldkeepthemtiedup.Thefewpoints(which/that)thepresidentstressedinhisreportareveryimportantindeed.,byarelativeadverb,Examples,Intheyearswhen(that/inwhich)foodwasnotenoughmanypeoplewerestarvedtodeath.ThenextdayJohnwentwithmetotherailwaystation,whereIboughtaticketforBeijing.Thatisthereasonwhy(that/forwhich)Iamnotinfavoroftheplan.,2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”,MuchthatIlearnedinthebookisveryuseful.ProfessorLihastoldussomethingthatweshoulddointhesummervacation.,Antecedent:all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,few,2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”,Thisismostinterestingfilmthathasbeenproducedinrecentyears.ThefirstthingIamgoingtodoistowritetomyparents.,ordinalnumeral/superlativedegree+Antecedent,2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”,ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.Thereisnopersonthatdoesntmakemistakes.,no/every/some/only/very/much+Antecedent,2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”,Theyaretalkingabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.,Twoantecedents(sb.+sth./animal),2.Only“that”inuse,not“which,who,whom”,Iknowthedifference(that)thereisbetweenyou.Thenumberofmistakes(that)thereareinthishomeworkissimplysurprising.,antecedent+(that)therebe,3.Relativepronoun:but,Thereisnorulebuthassomeexceptions.Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalent.,but=that(which/who)not;用于no后,4.Relativepronoun:than,Youspentmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.Hespendsmoremoneythanheearns.Theearthrevolvesalittlemorerapidlythanitisclosertothesun.,than=comparativeadj.+antecedent,5.Relativeadverb,ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.Thefirsttime(that)Ienteredthecollegewasin1988.,ordinalnumeral/last+time+(that)time+that/when,6.Relativepron.,Weadmirethewayhesolvedtheproblem.Ingeneral,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.,theway+that/inwhich,7.Restrictive/non-restrictiverelativeclause,Theauthorswho(whom/that)hementionedarewell-known.Heisthemanwhohasstrongpersonality.,restrictiverelativeclause,7.Restrictive/non-restrictiverelativeclause,Theclock,whichmygreat-grandfatherbought,isstillingoodorder.Heisgoingtothegolfcourse,whereheintendstoputinsomepractice.,non-restrictiverelativeclause,8.Thesameas/suchas/asas/soas,Ilendyousuchbooksaswillinterestyou.Sheknewhefeltjustthesameasshedid.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.,Relativeadverb:as,8.As/which,As:1）代替主句整个或部分内容；2)引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中或句尾；3）当as在其引导的从句中充当主语时，其位于动词通常是be或其他系动词以及被动语态，此时若as引导的定语从句不在句首，as和which可互换。,Which：引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于句首；,9.prep.+relativepron.,Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,ofwhichtheminutehand/theminutehandofwhichissixmeterslong.Thesearetheconditions(which/that)hecantputupwith.,Atthescenethereweretwocigarettesleft,oneofwhichwasstainedwithlipstick.,10.Doublerelativeclause,Referringtoapostmodifiercomposedoftworelativeclausesthatshareoneandthesameantecedent.Thetwoclausesmaybeonthesamerankofstructureandareconnectedbyacoordinator.Youwilleasilyfindus;justlookforahousewhosewindowsneedwashingandwhosefenceneedsrepairing.,10.Doublerelativeclause,Twoclausesmayalsobeplacedondifferentlevels.SheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.(Herethefirstrelativeclausemodifies“theonlygirl”,whilethesecondrelativeclausemodifies“theonlygirlIknow”),11.Embeddedrelativeclause,Itisaclausethatfunctionsbothasthepostmodifierofanounphraseinthemainclauseandastheobjectofanotherinsertedclause,i.e.,therelativeclauseisembeddedinanotherclause.,Shehasanadoptedchildwhoshesayswasanorphan.(Herethewho-clauseisatoncethepostmodifierof“