肌学总论、头颈和躯干肌泰山医学院.ppt

Chapter3Myology肌学,Section1Generaldescription,泰山医学院人体解剖学教研室赵振美,CompositionMusclebelly肌腹Tendon肌腱aponeurosis腱膜,ClassificationLongmuscle长肌Shortmuscle短肌Flatmuscle扁肌Orbicularmuscle轮匝肌,Morphologyandcompositionofskeletalmuscles,Origin,insertionandactionofskeletalmuscles,SupplementarystructuresofmusclesFascia筋膜SuperficialfasciaDeepfascia,Synovialbursa滑膜囊,Tendinoussheath腱鞘FibrouslayerSynoviallayer:,Section2Musclesofhead,Facialmuscles面肌,Epicranius颅顶肌(occipitofrontalis)枕额肌Frontalbelly额腹Occipitalbelly枕腹Galeaaponeurotica帽状腱膜,Orbicularisoculi眼轮匝肌Buccinator颊肌Orbicularisoris口轮匝肌,Masticatorymuscles,Masseter咬肌OrigininferiorborderandmedialsurfaceofzygomaticarchInsertionlateralsurfaceoframusofmandibleandangleofmandibleActionelevatesmandibleTemporalis颞肌OrigintemporalfossaInsertioncoronoidprocessofmandibleActionelevatesandretractsmandible,Medialpterygoid翼内肌Lateralpterygoid翼外肌,咀嚼肌,咀嚼肌,Section3Musclesofneck,SuperficialgroupPlatysma颈阔肌,Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌,SuprahyoidmusclesDigastric二腹肌Stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌Mylohyoid下颌舌骨肌Geniohyoid颏舌骨肌Elevate(raise)hyoidboneanddepressmandible.,InfrahyoidmusclesSternohyoid胸骨舌骨肌Omohyoid肩胛舌骨肌Sternothyroid胸骨甲状肌Thyrohyoid甲状舌骨肌Depresshyoidorlarynxafterelevation,Deepcervicalmuscles,LateralScalenusanterior前斜角肌Scalenusmedius中斜角肌Scalenusposterior后斜角肌Scalenefissure斜角肌间隙Action：Mediallonguscapitis头长肌longuscolli颈长肌Flexthehead,bendstheneckforward,Section4Musclesoftrunk,MusclesofbackTrapezius斜方肌Latissimusdorsi背阔肌Erectorspinae竖脊肌,Trapezius斜方肌,Origin:superiornuchalline,externaloccipitalprotuberance,ligamentumnuchaeandspinousprocessesofseventhcervicalandallthoracicvertebraeInsertion:lateralthirdofclavicle,acromion,andspineofscapularyAction:upperfiberselevatescapula,lowerfibersdepressscapula;ifscapulaisfixed,onesideactingalong,drawsheadtowardthesameside,andturnfacetooppositeside;bothsidestogether,drawheaddirectlybackward,Latissimusdorsi背阔肌,Origin:spinousprocessesoflowersixthoracicandalllumbarvertebrae,mediansacralcrest,andposteriorpartofiliaccrest.Insertion:crestoflessertubercleofhumerus.Action:trunkfixed,extends,adductsandmediallyrotatesarm;armfixed,elevatestrunk.,Erectorspinae,Position:fillsthevertebralgrooveoneachsideofthespineAction:extendsvertebralcolumn(drawheadbackward),Musclesofthorax,)Thoracico-upper-limbmuscles胸上肢肌)Thoracicointrinsicmuscles胸固有肌,Pectoralismajor胸大肌,Origin:medialhalfofclavicle,sternum,1st-6thcostalcartilages.Insertion:crestofgreatertubercleofhumerus.Action:flexes,adductsandrotatesarmmedially;armfixed,elevatestrunk;elevatesribs1-6,aidinginforcedinspiration.,Pectoralisminor胸小肌,Serratusanterior前锯肌,)Thoracicointrinsicmuscles,Intercostalesexterni肋间外肌Intercostalesinterni肋间内肌Intercostalesintimi肋间最内肌,Diaphragm膈,Shapeandposition:aperipheralmuscularpartandacentraltendon,OpeningsinthediaphragmAortichiatus主动脉裂孔liesanteriortothebodyofthe12ththoracicvertebrabetweenthecrura.Ittransmitstheaorta,thoracicductEsophagealhiatus食管裂孔foresophagusandvagusnervesatlevelofT10.Venacavaforamen腔静脉孔forinferiorvenacava,throughcentraltendonatT8level,Action,Musclesofabdomen,AnterolateralgroupObliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌Inguinalligament腹股沟韧带Superficialinguinalring腹股沟管浅环,Obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌,Inguinalfalx腹股沟镰:Cremaster提睾肌:,Transversusabdominis腹横肌,Rectusabdominis腹直肌,Intersections腱划,Sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘,Lineaalba白线,2.Posteriorgroup,Quadratuslumborum腰方肌,Inguinalcanal腹股沟管,Position:Twoo