高考英语《语法》专题复习04词义猜测技巧.ppt

猜测词义类试题解题技巧,猜词技巧是一种很重要的应试技巧。在诸多的英语测试中，几乎都包含有判断生词或关键词词义的题目。考试中经常作为考点的词汇包括以下几种：常用词在特殊语言环境中的特殊意义；专业化程度较高的词；生僻词。,常见提问形式1)Accordingtotheauthor,theword“”means_.2)Theword“”mostlikelymeans_.3)Theword“”inLbablymeans_.4)Bytheword“”,theauthormeans_.5)InLine.,theword“”refersto_.6)Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningto“”?7)InLine,theword“”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?,利用上下文中的同义关系猜测词义B利用上下文中的反义关系猜测词义利用构词法猜测词义D.利用逻辑推理猜测词义E.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测F根据上下文语境进行猜测,猜词技巧,1.like,as.as,thesameas等；2.tobe，mean，referto等；3.bedefinedas，beknownas，becalled，betermed等；4.and和or；5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义；6.以标点符号为线索猜测词义。,like(像一样),as.as(如同一样)，thesameas(与相同)等。【例】Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.,like(像一样),as.as(如同一样)，thesameas(与相同)等。【例】Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.【解】“圆胖的,丰满的”译文：母亲是身材高大、肥胖的中年妇女。学校的校长年龄稍大些，几乎跟母亲一样肥胖，不过个子要矮得多。,2.tobe(是)，mean(意指)，referto(指的是)等。【例1】Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.,2.tobe(是)，mean(意指)，referto(指的是)等。【例1】Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.【解】“退火”,2.tobe(是)，mean(意指)，referto(指的是)等。【例1】Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.【解】“退火”【例2】Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.,2.tobe(是)，mean(意指)，referto(指的是)等。【例1】Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.【解】“退火”【例2】Ventilation,asyouknow,isasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.【解】“通风”译文：正如你所知道的，通风是一种提供新鲜空气的方式或手段。它在工程领域里起着十分重要的作用。,3.bedefinedas(被定义为)，beknownas(被称为)，becalled(被称为)，betermed(被定义为)等。【例1】Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood.,3.bedefinedas(被定义为)，beknownas(被称为)，becalled(被称为)，betermed(被定义为)等。【例1】Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood.【解】“蚊子”,3.bedefinedas(被定义为)，beknownas(被称为)，becalled(被称为)，betermed(被定义为)等。【例1】Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood.【解】“蚊子”【例2】Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.,3.bedefinedas(被定义为)，beknownas(被称为)，becalled(被称为)，betermed(被定义为)等。【例1】Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthruststheskinandthendrinksblood.【解】“蚊子”【例2】Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.【解】“木匠”,4.and和or。【例1】Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.,4.and和or。【例1】Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.【解】“仿效”译文：小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为。,4.and和or。【例1】Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.【解】“仿效”译文：小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为。【例2】Atforty-twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfulloferergy.,4.and和or。【例1】Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthattheyseeontelevision.【解】“仿效”译文：小孩经常试着去仿效他们在电视里所看到的行为。【例2】Atforty-twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfulloferergy.【解】从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的fullofenergy,可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。,5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。【例1】Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。【例1】Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.【解】“牧人”,5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。【例1】Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.【解】“牧人”【例2】ItoldhimIwasamason,apersonwhosejobiscuttingstoneintoshapeforbuilding.,5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。【例1】Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.【解】“牧人”【例2】ItoldhimIwasamason,apersonwhosejobiscuttingstoneintoshapeforbuilding.【解】“石匠”,5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。【例3】Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.,5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。【例3】Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.【解】“动物学家”,5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。【例3】Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.【解】“动物学家”【例4】Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhishats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.,5.以同位语、定语从句为线索猜测词义。【例3】Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.【解】“动物学家”【例4】Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhishats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.【解】“变戏法者”译文：他是一个变戏法的人，通过从他的帽子里拉出兔子、吞火和玩其他类似的把戏来逗孩子们开心。,6.以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等）【例1】Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.,6.以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等）【例1】Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.【解】“脆”,6.以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等）【例1】Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.【解】“脆”【例2】Weareonthenightshiftfrommidnightto8amthisweek.,6.以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等）【例1】Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.【解】“脆”【例2】Weareonthenightshiftfrommidnightto8amthisweek.【解】“夜班”,6.以标点符号为线索猜测词义（括号、冒号、破折号等）【例1】Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.【解】“脆”【例2】Weareonthenightshiftfrommidnightto8amthisweek.【解】“夜班”【例3】Theyaregooddiggers,andinRanthambhore(awildlifeparkinNorthernIndia)arenocturnal：theyonlycomeoutatnight.,阅读中应多注意带有but,yet,however,otherwise,Nevertheless，incontrast，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，although，while,unlike，whereas等表示转折意义的词或是有分号的句子。这类句子前后存在明显的对比关系，根据已知内容，通过对比很容易猜出生词的意义。,【例1】Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，however，wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve,【例1】Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，however，wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve【解】“复杂的”,【例1】Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，however，wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve【解】“复杂的”【例2】Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings；hiswife,however,isverythrifty.,【例1】Ourmathsprofessorclaimsthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，however，wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve【解】“复杂的”【例2】Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings；hiswife,however,isverythrifty.【解】“节俭的”,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀super-（超），inter-（在之间），-able（能的），mini-（极少的，微型的），micro-（极微小的），re-（再，反复），sub-（分支的，底下），co-（共同），post-(后)，pre-（前），trans-（超越；转换），under-（在之下；低于；不足），-hood（状态；性质；时期），-ish（如的；有点儿的）；-proof（防的；不能穿透的），-scope（景），-ship（身份；资格；权力；性质），-some（易于的），-wards（向），mis-（误；恶），un-（不；非），in-（不；非），im-（不；非），dis-（不），non-（不；非），-less（不；无），anti-（反；防），sino-（中国）,【例1】Dontlistentohisnonsense.,【例1】Dontlistentohisnonsense.【解】sense有“心智健全、意识”之意，non-构成它的反义词，故nonsense有“胡言乱语，胡说八道”之意。,【例1】Dontlistentohisnonsense.【解】sense有“心智健全、意识”之意，non-构成它的反义词，故nonsense有“胡言乱语，胡说八道”之意。【例2】Jasonisalanguagespecialist.,【例1】Dontlistentohisnonsense.【解】sense有“心智健全、意识”之意，non-构成它的反义词，故nonsense有“胡言乱语，胡说八道”之意。【例2】Jasonisalanguagespecialist.【解】“Special”是“unusual”（不寻常的）之意；后缀“-ist”指人。“Specialist”就是“不寻常的人”；也就是“专家”之意。,1以因果关系为线索2以列举的事例为线索运用生活经验及普通常识进行推理4.联想法,【例1】Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.,【例1】Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.【解】“修剪”,【例1】Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.【解】“修剪”【例2】Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.,【例1】Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.【解】“修剪”【例2】Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.【解】“永远的，永久的”,【例1】Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.,【例1】Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.【解】“期刊”,【例1】Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.【解】“期刊”【例2】Apply(涂抹)anantiseptic,suchasalcohol(酒精),ontheskin.,【例1】Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.【解】“期刊”【例2】Apply(涂抹)anantiseptic,suchasalcohol(酒精),ontheskin.【解】“酒精”可以防毒；“antiseptic”准是“消毒药”了。,【例1】Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou,youllhavetousethefrontandhind(back)brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce.,【例1】Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou,youllhavetousethefrontandhind(back)brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce.【解】车闸,【例1】Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou,youllhavetousethefrontandhind(back)brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce.【解】车闸【例2】Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.,【例1】Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou,youllhavetousethefrontandhind(back)brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce.【解】车闸【例2】Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.【解】wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。,【例1】Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou,youllhavetousethefrontandhind(back)brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce.【解】车闸【例2】Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.【解】wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。【例3】Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.,【例1】Ifyouareridingabikewhenasmallchildsuddenlyappearsinfrontofyou,youllhavetousethefrontandhind(back)brakestomakeyourbikestopatonce.【解】车闸【例2】Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.【解】wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。【例3】Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.【解】“枯萎”,【例1】Towrite,youneedasharptoolandaquickmind(thefirstofwhichcanbeeasilygotfromashop).,【例1】Towrite,youneedasharptoolandaquickmind(thefirstofwhichcanbeeasilygotfromashop).【解】“笔”,【例1】Towrite,youneedasharptoolandaquickmind(thefirstofwhichcanbeeasilygotfromashop).【解】“笔”【例2】Onenteringtheroom,hebegantomeasurehislegsonthefloor.,【例1】Towrite,youneedasharptoolandaquickmind(thefirstofwhichcanbeeasilygotfromashop).【解】“笔”【例2】Onenteringtheroom,hebegantomeasurehislegsonthefloor.【解】译文：他一进屋就摔了个大跟头。,例1ChickenbecomesrottenveryquicklyItcangobadinarefrigeratorifitisleftthereformorethanaweek.Ifyouhaveany1）suspicionthatthemeatisbad,donteatit.Instead2）inspectitverycarefully；Checkthesmell，howitlooksandfeelsThefirstsignthatthechickenisrottenisthesmellIfthechickenhasabad3）odor，youshouldthrowitoutThesecondsignthatchickenisrottenisthelookIfthemeatisblack，throwitoutThethirdsignisthefeelofthechickenIfthemeatisverysoft，itmightberotten.4)DiscarditifitisIfonlypartofthechickenisbad，removetherotten5）Portionandkeeptherest,（1）“Suspicion”meansADoubtBideaCExample（2）Theword“inspect”meansAexaminecarefullyBvisitCsmell（3）“Odor”meansAsoundBpictureCsmell（4）Theword“discard”meansAKeepBthrowoutCcookitagain（5）“Portion”heremeansAwholeBpartChalf,A,A,C,B,B,例2Thelargestplayer-ShanghaiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches,Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.56.Thewords“deluxesedans”,“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers,(NMET2001),C,例3LastNovemberthetwogroupsstartedDogDayAfternooninthechildrensdepartmentofthemainlibrary.About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday-afternoonclasses,readingforhalfanhour.Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceivedapawgraphedbookatthelastclass.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril,accordingtoDanaThumpowsky,publicrelationsmanager.62.Apawgraphedbookismostprobably_.abookusedinSaturdayclassesabookwrittenbythechildrenC.aprizeforthec