研究生英语下册u.ppt

UnitOne,Human-basedStrategy,Backgroundinformation,HowardSchultz,Bornin1953,heisanAmericanbusinessman,andentrepreneurbestknownasthechairmanandCEOofStarbucks（星巴克）andaformerowneroftheSeattleSuperSonics.Schultzco-foundedMaveron,aninvestmentgroup,in1998withDanLevitan.In2006,ForbesMagazinerankedSchultzasthe354thrichestpersonintheUnitedStates,withanetworthof$1.1billiondollars.,W.L.Gore职务相当的人，作用相似的物2.aduplicatecopy副本TheSecretaryofStateHillaryClintonandherRussiancounterpartweretryingtodevelopthebilateralrelationshipofthetwocountriesintoanewlevel.国务卿希拉里克林顿和俄罗斯外长正试图将双边关系提高到一个新水平。Theaveragepublic-sectoremployee,accordingtoofficialstatistics,nowearnsaboutafifthmorethanhisprivate-sectorcounterpart.据官方数据显示，公共部门员工的平均工资约比私营部门同类员工的工资多五分之一左右。,marketable(Para3)adj.:wantedbypurchasersoremployers有销路的;畅销的E.g.Inordertohavelong-term,successfulcareers,weallmustrethinkhowwellstaymarketableinthefutureworkforce.为了让职业生涯获得长期成功，我们必须重新思考如何在未来的劳动力大军中保持竞争力。,People-firstorganizationsempowertheiremployees.(Para.3):Theorganizationsthatputpeoplefirstwillinvesttheirpowertotheiremployees.empower:investwithpower,especiallylegalpowerorofficialauthoritye.g.Thecourtswereempoweredtoimposethedeathsentenceforcertaincrimes.,哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。他们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。第二，它们具有家庭氛围。公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。,Organizationsthatputpeoplefirsthaveamorededicatedandcommittedworkforce.(Para.4):Organizationsthatputpeoplefirsthaveamoredevotedandloyalworkforce.dedicated:whollycommittedtoaparticularcourseofthoughtoraction有献身精神的e.g.Smitted:devoted尽忠的，坚定的e.g.Shewasstronglycommittedtoherjob,apolicewomanbyeminence.她非常忠于职守,一位卓越的女警察。,Translate(Para4):lead,resultusuallyusedwithinto带来，产生，导致e.g.Iwonderhowyourreligiousbeliefwilltranslateintopoliticalaction.我不知道你的宗教信仰如何转化为政治行动Loserstranslaterealityintodreams.失败者把现实变成梦想。,Theseemployeesarewillingtoputforththeextraefforttodowhateverisnecessarytoseethattheirjobsaredoneproperlyandcompletely.(Para.4):Theseemployeesarewillingtoexerttheirextraefforttotheirjob,andtryeverymeanstoensurethattheirjobsareaccomplishedcompletely.putforth:bringintoaction;exert作出e.g.Atleastputforthasemblanceofeffortwhenyouscrubthefloor.,specialty(Para5)n.aproductofaspecialkindorofspecialexcellence特制品,特产,名产e.g.Icanrecommendthevegetablepie-itsthespecialtyofthehouse.我推荐一道蔬菜馅饼，它是这家餐馆的名菜Shellcarvingsareaspecialtyofthetown.贝雕是该城的特产。accessory(Para5)n.anobjectordevicenoessentialinitselfbutaddingtothebeauty,convenience,oreffectivenessofsomethingelse配件,附件(fashion)e.g.Heaskedmetobuysomeaccessoriesforacar.他让我给他买些汽车附件。,market(Para5)v.sell;toexposeforsaleinamarket销售；推销e.g.Theinventoristryingtomarkethisnewproduct.发明者正想推销他的新产品。Ifourproductisproperlymarketed,itshouldsellverywell.如果我们的产品适当加以推销，销路应该很好。dcor(Para7)n.furnishinganddecorationofaroom,stage,etc房间、舞台等的布置，装饰e.g.Ihopethispicturewillfitinwithyourgeneraldecor.我希望这幅画能和你的总体布置相适宜。,Sinceitsinception,ithasbeentheStarbucksemployeeswhohavehelpeddrivethesuccessofthecompany.(Para.8):Sincethebeginning,itwasStarbucksemployeeswhomadethecompanybecomesuccessful.inception:thebeginningofsomethinge.g.Theclubhasgrownrapidlysinceitsinceptionin1990.,ButitwasprobablyHowardSchultzwhostartedtheignition.(Para.8):ButitwasprobablyHowardSchultzwhowasthefirstmanagertobringouthisemployeesmotivationforhiscompany.ignite:theoriginalmeaningis“starttoburn”,butinthissentenceitmeans“causesth.tohappen”e.g.Hopefully,everybodywillfindsomethinginterestingtoignitetheircreativity.,AyearafterhejoinedthecompanyavisittoMilan,ItalyinspiredSchultztobringtheItaliancoffee-barconceptbacktoSeattleandputitintoactioninanewStarbuckslocation.(Para.9):AfterhisvisittoMilan,Italy,SchultzgottheideathatbringtheItaliancoffee-barconceptbacktoSeattle,putitintopracticeinanewStarbucksshop.,inspire:givesb.theideaforsth.e.g.HispaintingswereclearlyinspiredbyMonetswork.putintoaction:opracticee.g.Thenewplanfortrafficcontrolisbeingputintoactiononanexperimentalbasis.,Itwasanewforayforthecompanywhichpreviouslyhadonlyprovidedfreshlyroastedbeansforsale.(Para.9):ItwasaninitialattemptforStarbucks,becauseithadonlysoldfreshlyroastedbeansbefore.foray:aventureoraninitialattempt,especiallyoutsideonesusualareae.g.Itisthecompanysfirstforayintothecomputermarket.,Atthestorelevel,Starbuckshasbeensuccessfulinbuckingthenormatmostretailserviceenvironmentswhereemployeeturnoverishighandcompetenceorenthusiasmiswaning.(Para.12):Atthestorelevel,Starbuckshassucceededinresistingthestandardsetbythegeneralretailserviceenvironments.Atthattime,mostretailcompanieswerehavingaworkforcewhichhadahighamountoftransactionbutalowabilityandinterestintheirworkandcompany.,buck:resistoropposesth.e.g.Opetence:theabilitytodosth.welle.g.Ifyoutrytohandleasituationbeyondyourprofessionalcompetence,youruntheriskofmakingthesituationworse.,turnover：1.theratioofthenumberofworkersthathadtobereplacedinagiventimeperiodtotheaveragenumberofworkers；人员流动率2.theamountofbusinessdonebyacompanywithinacertainperiodoftime一定时期内的营业额e.g.Theindustryhasahighturnoverofyoungpeople.该行业的年轻从业者流动率较高。Withourrichexperienceinmarketingyourproductsinourcity,wehavetheabilitytoincreasetheturnoverto50,000$.我们在扩展贵司产品在本市市场方面具有丰富经验，并且有能力将销售额提高到50，000$。,enthusiasm:greatexcitementfororinterestinasubjectorcausee.g.Thenewswasgreetedwithalackofenthusiasmbythoseatthemeeting.wane:theactorprocessofgraduallydecliningordiminishing变弱变差；衰败衰弱e.g.Herenthusiasmforthewholeideawaswaningrapidly.,Oftenitisthebaristawhoistheimpetusforachangesimplybecauseheorsheistheoneonthefrontlinedealingwithcustomersonadailybasis.(Para.17):ThebaristaistheimpellingforcethatmakesStarbuckschange.Thereasonissimple.Becauseheorsheistheonewhoalwaysgetsintouchwiththecustomersintheirdailyservice.,barista:apersonwhomakesandservescoffeeinacoffeebar咖啡馆准备咖啡的员工impetus:sth.thatencouragesanactivitytodevelopmorequicklye.g.Hisarticlesprovidedthemainimpetusforchange.,StarbucksalsodistributesannualBeanStockreportstoallpartnersandthecompanypublishesPinnacle,anewsletterthatspotlightscompanyperformanceaswellastheactivitiesofindividualpartnerscompanywide.(Para.18):StarbucksalsopassedoutBeanStockreportstoallemployeesandthecompanypublishedaprintedreportnamedPinnacletoallitsemployeeswhichwasfocusedonthecompanyperformanceandtheactivitiesofindividualemployees.,spotlight:focusattentionone.g.Theprogramspotlightsseriousfinancialproblemsinthehealthservice.ThebudgetcrisisalsospotlightedaweakeningAmericaneconomy.预算危机也突显了正在衰退的美国经济。,Beingonthefrontlinerequirescommunication,beitcommunicationintrainingemployeestoperformtheirjobproperly,orcommunicationwithcustomers.(Para.19):Inordertokeepupwiththetimes,communicationisnecessary,whetheritmaybecommunicationwithemployeesforthemtodowell,orcommunicationwithcustomers.,beit是一种表示让步的虚拟倒装结构，由be引起的倒装句表示让步，并带有虚拟语气的结构特点，即be用原形。是一种较少用且略带文学意味的习惯用法，它既可位于句首，也可位于句末或穿插句中。beit=whetherit+be的适当的具体时态形式相当于一个让步状语从句e.g.Art,ontheotherhand,blossomsineverywhere,beit(whetheritmaybe)injungleorinthemoderncityintheUS.e.g.Thebusinessofeachday,beit(whetheritmightbe)sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.,Starbuckspartnersarealwaysonthego.(Para.19):Starbucksemployeesarealwaysveryactiveandbusy.beonthego:beveryactiveorbusy非常繁忙或活跃e.g.Havingfourchildrenkeepsheronthego.Iseemtohavebeenonthegoallday.,coupledwith(Para21)加上，外加；与相结合e.g.Thekeywasherpainstakingpracticecoupledwithsomeskills.关键是她的刻苦训练再加上一些技巧。Duetothefastspeedofoureconomicdevelopmentcoupledwiththelowlevelofscienceandtechnology,Chinasmanufacturingindustryisamongthemostenergy-consumingintheworld.由于发展速度快而科技水平低，中国制造业的资源消耗尤其是能耗却排在世界前列。,Theicingonthecakeissalesgrowthof65percentayearoverthelastyearswhilenetincomeskyrocketsby70to100percentayear.(Para.21):Whatismoreexcitingisthatcomparedwithlastyears,thereisa65percentgrowthinsalesthisyear.Meanwhile,thegrossincomerappidlyincreasedby70to100percentayear.,theicingonthecake:whenonegreatthinghappens,thenanothergreatthinghappensontopofthefirstthingistheicingonthecake.制作西式糕点最后一道工序，就是在糕点上洒上或涂上一层白色的冰淇淋，叫做icingonthecake，在俚语当中icingonthecake意思是使一件原本已经很好的事物变得更加的美好，也就是锦上添花。e.g.Todayswallpaperisnolongertheicingonthecake,butasymbolofstyle,andevenspacetolaytheoveralltone.今天的壁纸早已不再是锦上添花的陪衬，而是风格的象征，甚至可以奠定空间的整体基调。,Headdsthathedonateshisbusinessprofitstocharitiesbecauseitsicingonthecake.他补充说，因为从经商中获得的利润只是锦上添花而已，所以他把商业收入都捐给慈善事业。来看下面这段对话：A:TodayIwaspromotedtoheadofthedepartment!Andtheydecidedtoraisemypay!A：今天我被提升为部门负责人了，而且他们决定给我加薪B:Vow!Icingonthecake!B：哇那真是锦上添花呐！,skyrocket:riseorcausetoriserapidlyandsuddenlye.g.Discoveryofoilherehasskyrocketedlandvalues.Attherateof按之速度；按.比率Thetraintravelsattherateof50milesanhour.那火车以每小时50英里的速度运行。Localbusinessesareclosingattherateofthreeayear.地方企业正在以每年三家的速度关闭。,dropout(Para22):towithdrawfromparticipationormembership:quit;退出，离队，离开e.g.Ifyoudonotliketheidea,dropoutplease.如果你不赞成这个观点，请退出。Weshouldhelpthosewhodropoutofuniversitybecauseofeconomicreasons.我们应该帮助那些由于经济原因从大学退学的学生,Vocabulary,A.(1)theMidastouch点石成金希腊神话中的弗里吉亚国王，故又称“迈达斯王”或“迈达斯国王”，以巨富著称；关于他点石成金的故事非常有名。,Vocabulary,(2)actionfilm动作片newsreel新闻片documentary纪录片literaryfilm文艺片musicals音乐片detectivemovie侦探片westernmovie西部片ethicalmovie伦理片suspensefilm悬疑片,Vocabulary,(5)我们怀疑您的账户上发生了一次未经认可的交易。为确保您的账户不受损害，请按下面的链接，确认您的身份。(6)当某种气味被感觉到时，来自蒸气的分子与为数众多的感官相互作用，导致它们将信号送到大脑。,Vocabulary,(10)这位马拉松赛跑者在比赛的开始阶段跑在前面。但他过高地估计了自己的力量。结果在离终点仅3英里时。跑得筋疲力尽力而不得不退出比赛。Overplayoneshand:taketoogreatortoomanyrisks(byoverestimatingonesownstrength)因过高估计自己的力量而冒风险,Vocabulary,B(1)重要的是你的每一次正直、怜悯、勇敢和牺牲之行为能够使人充实，让人强大或是能够激励他人，让他们以你为榜样。(6)莎翁就像自然一样，这是我们能给作家或思想家的最高褒奖。对人生，他只是一路经历着、观察着，然后离我们远去了。(10)超越自我，带着真诚的爱，尊重，关怀和对他人需求的理解向他人伸出援手。,Keytotranslation,4.Translation(1)Thefascinationgeneratedbyexplorationwillinspireouryoungpeopletostudymath,scienceandeng