比较级最高级

精品文库形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成和用法。（一 ）比较级和最高级的构成：1 加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级。【1】单音节形容词和副词high-higher-highest hard-harder-hardest 【2】以不发音的-e结尾的safe-safer-safest late-later-latest【3】辅音字母要双写的情况：big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest【4】以辅音加-y结尾的情况dry-drier-driest merry-merrier-merrist2 加more,most构成比较级和最高级。【1】多音节的形容词和副词expensive-more expensive-most expensivecarefully-more carefully-most carefully【2】由形容词加-ly构成的副词slowly-more slowly-most slowlyhighly-more highly-most highly【3】以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive,-ing等结尾的双音节形容词useless-more useless-most useless serious-more serious-most seriuos 【4】分词形容词tired,pleased及glad,often,real,right,wrong等单音节形容词tired-more tired-most tiredglad-more glad-most glad（3）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的不规则构成法。good/well-better-bestbad/ill/badly-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestold-older/elder-oldest/eldest（二） 比较级和最高级的用法1 比较级的表示法：主语+be +比较级+than;主语+谓语+比较级+than（1）不同主语的比较：He is two years younger than I.This machine works better than that one.Li Ming studies harder than Wang Ling.（2）同一主语不同方面的比较：She is now happier than she has ever been.The exam was easier than we expected.We have had much more rain this year than last year.（3）用于修饰比较级的词：even,(very) much,far,a lot,stillThis book is much thicker than that one.He works even harder than before.2最高级的用法以及most/mostly/almost/at most 的含义（1） 形容词和副词最高级的用法三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。最高级中表示比较范围的常用among,in,of引导的介词短语或从句表示。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year. He works (the) hardest in his class.Shanghai is among the largest cities in the world.This is the tallest building in our school.Of all the books,this is the most useful one for us students.It is the biggest zoo Ive ever visited.（2） 修饰最高级的词最高级可以用序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost修饰The Yellow River is the second longest in China.Of the three boys Jack is almost the cleverest.（3）可以不加冠词的情况作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.I like spring best.（4） most,mostly,almost,at most的用法A most作副词，构成形容词和副词的最高级most 作副词，构成大多数双音节或多音节形容词和副词的最高级形式，前面常有定冠词。Which do you think is the most comfortable hotel in this town?B most 作副词，修饰形容词和副词，用来加强语气，表示“极”“十分”，前面不用定冠词。Its most dangerous to play with fire.C most 作形容词修饰名词。most 作形容词，意为“大多数的，大部分的，几乎全部的”，修饰名词，前面不用冠词。与most of 同义，但most of 名词前必须加冠词。Most English words are not difficult to remember.Most of the students had left when she came.D mostly意为主要地，多半地，相当于mainly.He uses his bike mostly for going to school.The students are mostly young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty.E almost 意为几乎 ，相当于very nearly.He spent almost the whole day reading English.F at most 意为最多，与at least相对。I can pay only twenty dollars at most.1） 同级比较中有两种情况：# 表示双方情况一模一样，用as + 原级 + as的结构；# 表示双方情况不（那么）一样，用not so / as + 原级 + as的结构。在这两种结构中，第一个as是副词，而第二个as是连词；在第二个as的后面接名词、句子或代词的主格（一般不要接代词的宾格）。例如：My parcel is as heavy as yours . 我的包裹与他的一样沉。Arther calculates as accurately as a calculator.阿瑟象计算器一样计算精确。 His bedroom is not as neat as his sisters. 他的寝室没有他姐姐的整洁。It is not so hot as yesterday. 今天不象昨天那么热。I cant speak English as fast as a native speaker. 我说英文没有以英语为母语的人说得快。 2）另外，在as as 的结构中，第一个as的前面可以加上表示倍数的词、或是某些副词修饰语：twice , ( three ) times , nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly（根本不）, by no means（绝不）, quite 等等。例如：Asia is four tomes as large as Europe. 亚洲有欧洲的四倍大（亚洲比欧洲大三倍）。James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本没有罗伯特高。Cast iron is almost as useful as steel. 铸铁差不多与钢一样有作用。She hasnt been quite so unlucky as she pretends. 她还没有象她常装出的那样不幸。3） 在as as 的结构中，我们还常见这样两种句型：as much + 不可数名词 + as 和as many + 复数可数名词 + as 。例如：She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does. 她在面包上涂的黄油与琼通常涂的一样多。He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) . 他已学了和他哥哥一样多的英文单字。4、主要句型(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +. 如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+. 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didnt pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+. 如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didnt cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是： 主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of . 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)课堂练习：一 用适当的形容词比较级或最高级形式完成下列句子。1 Its too noisy here. Can we go somewhere _?2 The hotel was surprisingly big.I expected it to be_.3 The weather is too cold in this country.Id like to live somewhere_4 My job is a bit boring sometimes.Id like to do something_5 Your work isnt very good.Im sure you can do_.6 I was surprised how easy it was to use the computer.I thought it would be _.二 选择最佳答案填空：1 The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet brings us_.A the close B closer C the closer D close2 What do you think of her singing?Oh,no one sings_.A good B well C better D best3 _ terrible weather it is!It is said that it will get_later.A What,bad B What,worse C What a,bad D What a ;worse4 We spent all our money because we stayed at the most expensive hotel in town.Why didnt you stay at_ one? A a cheap B a cheaper C the cheap D the cheaper5 Mom,could you have an MP3 like this?Certainly,we can buy _ one ,but as good as this.A a cheap B a cheapest C a cheaper D the cheapest6 Who is Tom?A great policeman.She always thought _ of others than herself.A more B much C less D most7Tom is good at drawing.How about Mike?Mike is _, I think.He has got more prizes than Tom.A well B worse C good D better8 Which is _,the sun,the moon or the earth? Of course,the moon is.A small B smaller C smallest D the smallest9 Who can reach the book on the top shelf?Jack can. He is _ boy of us all.A taller B a tall C the tallest D much taller10 All the students in our class are over fifteen except Li Lei.He is _ in our class. A younger B older C the oldest D the youngest11 My sister sings English songs_ of us all.A badly B worse C more badly D worst12 Mr Zhang ,of all the students in our school,who lives_?I think Li Lei does.A far B farther C farthest D the farther13