唐诗翻译中的三美.doc

毕业论文专用纸Table of ContentsAbstracti摘 要ii. Introduction- 1 -AThe Background of Tang Poetry- 1 -BXu Yuanchong and An Introduction to the Three Beauties- 1 -CResearch on the Actuality of the Translation- 2 -DSignificance and Purpose of this Paper- 2 -EOrganization of This Paper- 3 - A Comparison of Translations by Xu Yuanchong and Sun Dayu- 3 -ABeauty in Concept- 4 -BBeauty in Rhythm- 4 -CBeauty in Form- 5 - A Deep Research of The Three Beauties Theory- 6 -ADetails on the Beauties in Concept- 6 -BDetails on the Beauties in Rhythm- 7 -CDetails on Beauties in form- 7 - Conclusion- 8 -References- 10 - 毕业论文专用纸The Three Beauties of Tang Poetry in TranslationAbstractTang poetry is one of the most important components of Chinese literature, It is not only a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese people, but also belongs to the world. Because of various national environment and differences in cultural background, which result in a lot of differences in initial interpretation, format of the translation, and so on. Especially, there are a lot of differences in the understanding for the beauties in Tang poetry. By this token, it is necessary to do a deep investigation for the beauties in poetry translation. So this paper analyzes and compares the translations of Mr. Xu Yuanchong with the translated works of other translators. On the basis of the Three Beauties theory of Mr. Xu Yuanchong, I am trying to make people to get a deeper understanding of the translation of poetry from different perspectives, in order to get a better work on the poetry translation.This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is an introduction, with a brief exposition of the Three Beauties and pointed out that this paper is focus on the translated works by the method of comparative analysis of translated works by Mr. Xu Yuanchong and works of other translators. Part II and Part III is the keystone of this paper, and the second part will argue the “Three Beauties” theory by comparing the translation quatrains of Mr. Xu Yuanchong with the quatrain” of other translators. Aiming at the Three Beauties theory in the third part, the paper elaborated on how to materialize the Three Beauties in the process of translation of poetry. The fourth part is the conclusion which sums up the Three Beauties On the use of the translation of poetry.Key Words: Tang Poetry; Mr. Yuanchong; Three Beauties theory; Comparison and analysis 唐诗翻译中的三美摘 要 唐诗是我国文学史上重要的组成部分之一，它不仅仅是中国人民的宝贵文化遗产，更是属于世界的，而由于各个国家的环境和文化背景的差异，就导致了在诗歌翻译时对于原诗的意境，形式等等的不同理解，尤其是对诗歌翻译美的理解产生很大的不同，由此可见，研究诗歌的翻译的美是很有必要的。因而本文首先对许渊冲先生以及其他翻译工作者的译作进行对比分析，并在此基础上对许渊冲先生提出的“三美”论进行深入研究让人们从不同角度加深对诗歌翻译的认识，以更好的进行诗歌翻译的工作. 本文共分四部分。第一部分为引言部分：简要的阐述了“三美”理论的概念并指出本文是通过对比分析许渊冲先生的翻译作品和其他翻译工作者的翻译作品来进行研究的。第二部分和第三部分为本文的重点：第二部分将通过举例论证和对比论证，比较许渊冲先生翻译的绝句和其他翻译家的绝句，具体阐述“三美”是如何体现的。第三部分针对“三美”，本文阐述了在诗歌翻译的过程中应该如何体现“三美”。第四部分是结论，总结了“三美”论对于诗歌翻译的使用性。关键词: 唐诗；许渊冲；“三美”论；对比分析- 16 -The Three Beauty of Tang Poetry in Translation. IntroductionAThe Background of Tang Poetry If the 20th century may be said to be an American age, then the 19th was a British age and the 18th a French one. If we go further back, we may say that the 7th to 13th centuries were Chinese ages, for during the Tang and Song dynasties(6181279)，China was the most advanced country in the world, so far as political system, economic development and artistic and literary culture are concerned. The flourishing of culture in our country reached its peak during the period of feudalism，and Tang poetry was born in such a historical background. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that Tang poetry gets one of the highest achievements in the history of Chinese literature. As a gem of traditional Chinese literature，Tang poetry has been very widely read for thousands of years. It is not only sung by the literati in the temple of literature. It also enriches the lives of ordinary people, for it has any likelihood of life and vitality. Today, Tang poetry appeals to countless readers through the ages who are stuck on it by its beauty of conception, image, sentiment, and color. The reason why Tang poetry has a lot of charm is that its not just a culture, but also a broad spirit which inspires the manner of Chinese nation. So we should disseminated Tang poetry to all parts of the world, and make more and more people in the world to know it, like it, and appreciate it.BXu Yuanchong and An Introduction to The Three Beauties Xu Yuanchong was born in China in 1921. He graduated from the English Department of the National Southwest Associated University in 1942. He studied overseas in his early years, and became a professor of International Culture of Peking University in 1983. At the mention of Mr. Xu, a lot of people said that he is a genius in the translation circles. Not only because of his many translated works, but also because of his contribution to the theory of translation, he has his own unique opinion on the translation theory of his predecessors. At the same time, he has inherited and developed his own translation theory-The Three Beauties theory is one of them. Mr. Lu Xun said in Outline History of Chinese Literature that beauty in concept is to a sense of heart, beauty in rhythm is to a sense of ears, and beauty in form is to a sense of eyes. This can be applied to the understanding of the “three beauties” theory of Lu Xun. So what is the “Three Beauties theory of Xu Yuanchong-the Three Beauties is beauty in concept, beauty in rhythm , and beauty in form”. The Three Beauties theory has played a very active role in the translation of poetry.CResearch on the Actuality of the Translation According to the research from the a large number of references, it can be found that most of the Western words are hypotaxis words, and about 90% of them can be equal with each other, so the Western translation theorists put forward the theory of equity. But Chinese words are parataxis words, and only about 40% of them can be equal with the Western words, so it is concluded there is no translated works can be equal with the original completely. Therefore, the translated works are better than the original, or worse than the original, when it is hard to choose equal words for the translation. Generally speaking, a beautiful translation is better than an unattractive translation, so it is better for us to use the best translated expression, and this is the theory of optimization which is put forward by the Chinese theorists. And the biggest difference between the translation of Chinese and Western literature the biggest is equity and optimization.DSignificance and Purpose of this Paper In this paper, through analysis and comparison of the poem A Quatrain translated by Xu Yuanchong and Sun Dayu, it can give us a clear idea of the “Three Beauties” theory. In addition, this paper also discusses how to reflect the “Three Beauties” when translating the Tang poetry into English.EOrganization of This Paper This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is an introduction with a brief exposition of the Three Beauties theory and is focused on the translated works by Mr. Xu Yuanchong and works of other translators through comparative analysis. Part II and Part III are the keystone and main part of this paper, and the second part will discuss the “Three Beauties” theory by comparing the translated Tang poetry A Quatrain of Mr. Xu Yuanchong with the A Quatrain of other translators. This paper elaborates on how to materialize the Three Beauties theory in the process of translation in the poetry in the third part. The fourth part is the conclusion which sums up the use of The Three Beauties theory of Mr. XU in the translation of poetry. A Comparison of Translations by Xu Yuanchong and Sun Dayu More often than not, Mr. Xus translated works impress readers with refreshing and memorable beauty. The following analysis of his translated work of A Quatrain written by Du Fu can better exemplify the Three Beauties theory.A Quatrain Tow golden orioles sing amid the willow green; A flock of white egrets fly into the blue sky. My window frames the snow-crowned western mountain scene; My door off says eastern going ship “Goodbye”.Another translator, Sun Dayu, also translated this poem. His version is as follows: A Quatrain Two yellow orioles atop th green willow sing, A row of egrets white ascends the sky pale blue. My casement frames th west mount capped with perennial snow, Outdoor my house are moored ship thousands of li from East WuABeauty in Concept The beauties in concept is to be discussed frist by analyzing these two translated works, After reading the original poem written by Du Fu, all the images in this poem give you a strong feeling that it is more of a painting than a poem. There are, yellow, green, white, and blue, four colors in it, and also near-view, middle-view, and far-view in it. And there are so many different images in it. For example, orioles in the willow, egrets in the sky, and the distant snow-capped mountains. These beautiful scenes make people relaxed and happy. And the boat in front of the door gives you an unlimited reverie. It can be said poem painting in poetry, and how to express the beauties of concept? For example, “一行白鹭上青天”. Mr.Sun translated it as A row of egrets white ascends the sky pale blue, although the translation basically expresses the meaning of this poem, but this translation is just similar to the original. But Mr. Xus version- A flock of white egrets fly into the blue sky-appears lifelike. Take “ascends” and “fly into” as an example，the meaning of “ascends” is similar to the meaning of “climb”. So compared with Mr.Xus “fly into”, there is lack of innervations in “ascends”. And there is another example “门泊东吴万里船”, the translation Outdoor my house are moored ship thousands of li from East Wu. If a translation like this can be said exactly anatomies with the original poetry, but My door off says to eastward going boat “Goodbye”. It seems that there is no relationship with the original, however, after careful pondering; it is not difficult to find that there is a relationship between eastward and Wu. Besides, this translation stands out with respect to the beauty of concept.BBeauty in Rhythm It is obvious that the other thing the author wants to show to the readers is “beauties in rhythm”. And one way for the translators to show the “beauties in rhythm” is to show the beautiful sounds by their words. For example, after reading the first sentence, 两个黄鹂鸣翠柳, pay attention to the Chinese character鸣. It seems that there were two orioles singing around us. So both Mr. Xu and Mr. Sun choose “sing at the same time” to express the sound of those two orioles, but after you finish reading Mr. Xus translation, and then refining it carefully, you have to admire the skill of Mr. Xu to convey the beauties by using sound. His last sentence is My door off says eastern going ship “Goodbye”. Pay attention to the word “says”, its an amazing word here，it seems that we could hear that someone says goodbye to the guests who will go thousands miles away in his translation. Whats more, a translation like this is not only for the beauties in rhythm, but also deepens the beauties in concept. Poetry must conform to a certain rhyme and this is another beauty of rhythm. At the end of the last two sentences in A Quatrain are “天” and “船”, they charge “an” rhyme，it has a great sense of rhythm. To analyze the two translations, we can see that at the end of Mr. Xus translation, he uses green and scene, sky and goodbye. Green is pronounced /gri:n/, and scene is pronounced /si:n/, they both end with /i:n/, And it is the same case with sky and goodbye, they end with /ai/. In the original text, the author only uses rhythm in the second and the forth line, but through the analysis of Xus work, we know that he uses two groups of rhythms in different lines, so as to compare with the original, his work is better than Mr Suns in the rhythm. And look back at Mr.Suns work, there is no apparent traces of using rhythm through the whole translation, so reading it seems like reading a prose, not a poem.CBeauty in Form The last one in the Three Beauties theory of Mr. Xu is beauties in form. In Tang poetry，there are mainly two types-Five Characters and Seven Characters, as the name implies that there at least five characters and at most seven characters in each sentence and totally four sentences in Tang poetry, so Tang poetry always gives the impression of conciseness and brevity. Firstly, take Mr. Xus work as an example, there are eight words in the first and the third line, and they are completely equal, and there are ten words in the second line and nine words in the forth line, and they are almost the same. So this is the beauty in number of words. However, as for Mr.Suns work, although he tries to make the translation beautiful in form, for example, by using of th, it is still lacking in integrity. Therefore, it is not as good as Mr Xus. A Deep Research of The Three Beauties Theory Based on the analysis above, it can be seen that the advantage of the translated work of Mr. Xu Yuanzhong is that his translated work is not only similar to the original, but also uses some best words which make his work even better than the original in his work. But through these two translated works, it is not enough for us to get to know The Three Beauties theory. So in this part, it will give you more details about The Three Beauties theory. ADetails on the Beauties in Concept To know the beauties in concept of Tang poetry requires one to have the same feelings as the author. And in this case, you can get the beauties of Tang poetry. So as to translation, if one wants to make a good translation, one has to get a general idea “about the original poem first, and to some extent, Mr. Xu does it better than Mr. Sun, that is why Mr. Xus work is better able to reflect the beauties of concept. In order to reflect the beauties of concept well, one should analyze the original poetry before translating it. For example, “春蚕到死丝方尽” which is written by Li Shangyin, before translating it, one must have at least an analysis of such layers. First, the spring silkworm would not continue to silk until it died; second, the poem would not continue to writing poetry until he died; the last, the love for his love would not end until he died. By analyzing, if is found out that the first one is not so reasonable and meaningful at all, because this sentence is full of implication, the writer certainly has the intention other than its literal meanings. The first two understanding mentioned above seem right, but after reading the whole poetry, one can find that it is inconsistent with the meaning of the whole poem. So the right interpretation of the sentence is the last one, the whole poem is expected to show his love to his lover. And only the third expression is similar to the interpretation of the meaning of the poem. Coincidentally, however, the pronunciation of 丝(silk) and 思(miss) in Chinese are the same, so it is more reasonable to explain that the author wants to show his yearning towards his lover and his love to his lover. After this, it is not difficult to understand the translation of spring silkworm till its death spins silk from lovesick heart.BDetails on the Beauties in Rhythm Tang poetry puts much emphasis on rhythm, rhyme, and orphan, from the analysis of beauties in rhythm above, one can see that poets want to show a kind of vivid impression to the readers by their words, for example, 君不见黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回”，“黄河西来决昆仑，咆哮万里触龙门”，“西岳峥嵘何壮哉，黄河如丝天际来”，“黄河落天走九海，万里写入胸怀间”。 these are the sentences about Yellow River by Li Bai, which are magnificent, resoundingly passionate, their neat and rhythm make them have unlimited beauties in rhythm, but Tang poetry cares more about rhythm, referred to rhythm. it is better to be similar to the rhythm in the original, for example, the poetry River Village, which was written by Du Fu, the words that use rhythm are 幽，鸥，钩 and 求, if we translate them into ease, please hook and nook, and it can be regarded as similar to the original, and there is rhythm in this translation, and it sounds beautiful when we read it. So how to make the translation has its beauties in rhythm. In my opinion, we should try to find some words that are similar in pronunciation, but if it is hard to do this, we only have to pay attention to meterl which the western country people use. And there is another example is On the Height, the original which was written by Du Fu is “无边落木萧萧下, 不尽长江滚滚来.”, the translation is that The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower; The endless river rolls its waves hour and hour. Though the original, “萧萧” are reduplication, and the translation repeats the shower, whats more, the shower is similar to “萧” in pronunciation. And in the original “落木萧萧”，three of them have the same radical “艹”，and in the translation, there are three words with the same alliteration sh. So this translation has its beauties in rhythm.,CDetails on Beauties in form Regarding to the beauties in form, generally speaking, we should pay attention to the symmetrical length and if it can not be the same as the original, but at least we have to achieve uniformity in general. Take A Quatrain as an example, it is a classic Five Character poetry, there are four lines in the poem and five characters in each line, and there are so many images in this poem, so it is diffi