《商品广告翻译》PPT课件.ppt

English-ChineseTranslation,张萌萌,AmericascommitmenttoaddressingclimatechangeThesemitigationactionsareambitious,andwearetakingthemnotsimplytomeetglobalresponsibilities.Weareconvinced,assomeofyoumaybeconvinced,thatchangingthewayweproduceanduseenergyisessentialtoAmericaseconomicfuture-thatitwillcreatemillionsofnewjobs,powernewindustries,keepuscompetitive,andsparknewinnovation.Wereconvinced,forourownself-interest,thatthewayweuseenergy,changingittoamoreefficientfashion,isessentialtoournationalsecurity,becauseithelpstoreduceourdependenceonforeignoil,andhelpsusdealwithsomeofthedangersposedbyclimatechange.,Newwords,Commitoneselfto致力于Address应对Mitigation减轻，缓和Beconvinced相信Spark激发self-interest自身利益Dealwith应对Pose强加于,这些减排行动意义深远。我们采取这些行动不仅是为了履行全球责任。我们相信，改变我们生产和使用能源的方式对美国经济的未来必不可少。这样做将创造数以百万计新的就业岗位，为新兴行业提供动力，保持我们的竞争能力并激发新的创新。我们深信，为了我们的自身利益，我们使用能源的方式，使之向提高效率的方向转换，对我们的国家安全必不可少，因为这样做有助于减少我们对外来石油的依赖，也有助于应对气候变化构成的某些危险。,英汉翻译中的词类转换法,Exchangeofideasisaconstantandvitalnecessity.思想交流是一种经常的和极其重要的必需。思想交流是经常而极端需要的。思想交流应经常进行，也是必须的。思想交流有必要经常进行。有必要经常进行思想交流,NominalizationinEnglishandVerbalizationinChinese,EnglishEnglishsentencecontainsnomorethanonepredicateverbsinthatpredicateverbsinsentencesareconfinedbymanygrammaticalrules.Meanwhile,nounswhichareoriginatedfromverbsalsoindicatemovements,actions,changes,sensations,state,etc.Comparedwithverbs,theyarelessmarkedandmoreflexiblyplacedinasentence.NominalizationisapredominantfeatureinEnglish.Preponderanceofnounsoververbs,ChineseInChinese,verbsareunmarkedandlessconfinedsothatclustersofverbsareusedtoexpressaneventinonesentence.AfrequentuseofverbsispredominantinChinesesentences.,1转译成动词,英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。如：HeadmiresthePresidentsstateddecisiontofightforthejob.他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。,1.1名词转译成动词,1）由动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中出现比较多。The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraeliwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsraelisrighttoexist.1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,Themasteryofaforeignlanguageisdifficultandrequirespainstakingeffort.要学好一门外语是不容易的，非下苦功夫不可。Aftersomehesitation,heaskedifIwouldarrangeforhimtobecrematedafterhisdeathandthenhavehisashessatteredintotheocean.犹豫了一番之后，他问我是否愿意在他死后将他火化并将骨灰洒入大海。,2）含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多）往往可以转译成动词。,Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。,Heturnedtalkativeatthementionoftea.一提到茶，他的话就多起来。Shejumpedupforjoyatthenewsofherhusbandsreturn.听到丈夫要回来这个好消息，她高兴地跳了起来。Admissiontotheuniversityisbyexaminationandselection.Girlsareadmittedonequaltermswithboys.进大学要考试，择优录取。女生入学条件与男生一样,3）英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，有时可转换为其对应的名词,如teacher教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。IamafraidIcantteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。Seagullsaregoodflyers.海鸥很善于飞行。,Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungmanspastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。Sheissuchatrouble-makerthatnoonelikestobeinthesameteamwithher.她总是制造麻烦，所以没有人愿意和她一组,4）作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词,TheytookafinallookatIronMike,stillintactinthedarkness.他们最后看了铁麦克一眼它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。Thenextnewsbulletin,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行,Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard,nowpeopleattachgreatimportancetohealth.随着生活水平的提高，人们现在很重视健康。BeforeChinasentryintoWTO,therewerefearsthatChinawouldhavetomaketoomuchconcession.在中国加入世贸组织之前，人们担心中国要做出过多的让步。,Suchlawswillneverbeenoughtoputanendtocenturiesofdiscriminationagainstblacks.对黑人的歧视已经存在了几个世纪，要结束这样的歧视，这样的法律远远不够。AsBeijingbecomesincreasinglycongestedandpolluted,therehasagrowingrealizationthatactionisneededtotackletheseproblems.随着北京变得越来越拥挤，污染问题日益严重，人们更加意识到需要采取行动来解决这些问题,Haveatry!,Allthemedicaladviceinthiscaserecommendsselectiveabortionandmanybelievethatthemothersrefusaltoabortsomeofherbabiesisbeinginfluencedbytheofferofmoneyfromthenewspaper.Whenwearrivedathome,Marysaidshefeltallright,andthatshewouldliketoreturnthehouseshesharedwithfriendsforthatweekend,maybeevenlonger.Iwasdoubtfulaboutthis,butshewasthebestjudgeofhowshefelt,andaltogetheritseemedagoodideatohaveabreakfromeachotherandthehospitalcircuitforawhile.,Therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofhi-techfirmsinBeijinginrecentyears.Heisaregularvisitortomyhouse.Heisacollegedrop-out.After3yearsseparation,hislittledaughterJanefinallygotthevisatocomeovertoAmericatojoinher.,1.2介词转译成动词,“Coming!”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。Ibarreledstraightahead,acrosstheharborandoutoverthesea.我笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。,1.3形容词转译成动词,英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可转译成动词。如：confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious等。Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。,6.1.4副词转译成动词,Thatdayhewasupbeforesunrise.那天他在日出以前就起来了。Sheopenedthewindowtoletfreshairin.她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来,2转译成名词,2.1英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。1）名词派生的动词Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。2）名词转用的动词MostU.S.spysatellitesaredesignedtoburnupintheearthsatmosphereaftercompletingtheirmissions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。,2.2有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成“受（遭）到+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。,Satellites,however,mustbecloselywatched,fortheyareconstantlybeingtuggedatbythegravitationalattractionofthesun,moonandearth.由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。,2.3形容词转译成名词,1）英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。如：Theydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。RobinHoodandhismerrymenhatedtherichandlovedandprotectedthepoor.罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。2）此外，根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如：Stevensonwaseloquentandelegantbutsoft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。Theywereconsideredinsincere.他们被人认为是伪君子。,3转译成形容词,3.1形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。Thesecurityandwarmthofthedestroyerssickbaywerewonderful.驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。HetalkedforsometimewithBundy,andhisquestionsreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts.他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。,3.2有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成形容词。,Theblockadewasasuccess.封锁很成功。Asheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyouwillgivehimthenecessaryhelp.他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。,4其他词类转译,4.1形容词与副词的互相转译1）英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。Occasionallyadrizzlecamedown,andtheintermittentflashesoflighteningmadeusturnapprehensiveglancestowardZero.偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。ItwasaclearandunemotionalexpositionofthePresidentsreasonsforwillingtobeginaChinese-Americandialogue.这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。,2）英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。,Heroutinelyradioedanotheragentontheground.他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。ThePresidenthadpreparedmeticulouslyforhisjourney.总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备,3）由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。,Thisissheernonsense.这完全是胡说。Buckleywasinaclearminority.巴克利显然属于少数。,4.2名词与副词的互相转译,1）名词转译成副词Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.只要