四六级常用词汇替换.doc

51 组常用词汇替换褒义形容词篇一、重要的(important)1.vital vat()l【例句】She had found out some information of vital importance.【翻译】她已经发现了一些至关重要的信。2.crucial kru:()l【例句】It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.【翻译】立即着手解决这个问题是至关重要的。3.prominent prmnnt【例句】This considerable increase in investment played a prominent role in fueling economicgrowth.【翻译】投资的较大幅度增加,对拉动经济增长发挥了明显作用。4.cardinal k:d()n()l【例句】Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.【翻译】尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则。二、优秀的(good)1.excellent eks()l()nt【例句】She has always had a high reputation for her excellent short stories.【翻译】她一直因其优秀的短篇小说享有很高的声望。2.outstanding atstnd【例句】The girl who won the scholarship was quite outstanding.【翻译】得奖学金的女孩是相当优秀的。3.extraordinary kstr:dnri【例句】Her strength of willwas extraordinary.【翻译】她的意志力是非凡的。4.remarkable rm:kb()l【例句】 The economic diplomacy of China is characterized by distinctive features and remarkableachievements.【翻译】中国的经济外交具有鲜明的特点和卓越的成就。三、有趣的(interesting)1.amusing mju:z【例句】Do not hesitate to laughat anything you find amusing.【翻译】只要觉得好笑就尽管笑。2.entertaining entten【例句】This is an entertaining yet thought-provoking film.【翻译】这部电影令人捧腹，却又发人深省。3.engaging nged【例句】His engaging personality made him popular with his peers.【翻译】他迷人的个性使他深受同龄人的喜爱。四、有活力的(energetic)1.dynamic danmk【例句】South Asia continues to be the most dynamic economic region in the world.【翻译】南亚仍然是世界上最具活力的经济区。2.vigorous vg()rs【例句】We urge vigorous action to be taken immediately.【翻译】我们强烈要求立即采取有力措施。3.animated nmetd【例句】His observations gave rise to an animated and lively discussion.【翻译】他的言论引起了一场气氛热烈而活跃的讨论。五、充足的（abundant ）1.ample mp()l【 例 句 】 Agriculture has developed rapidly, thus providing light industrywith ample rawmaterials.【翻译】农业迅速发展, 从而为轻工业提供了充足的原料。2.plentiful plentfl【例句】Hotclimate and plentifulrainfall favor the growth of plants.【翻译】炎热的气候和充足的雨水有助于植物生长。3.generous den()rs【例句】No one is expecting a very generous pay increase this year.【翻译】没有人指望今年会有大幅度的工资增长。六、勇敢的（brave ）1.courageous kreds【例句】The pioneers are courageous indeed, overcoming one difficulty after another.【翻译】这些开拓者的确有勇气, 他们克服了一个又一个的困难。2.bold bld【例句】Big, successful moves need bold, masterful managers.【翻译】重大而成功的举措需要既大胆又善于控制局势的经理来实施。3.fearless fls【例句】Togo in for technical innovation, one must have the fearless spirit of a pathbreaker.【翻译】搞技术革新就要有一股不怕困难的闯劲。七、合理的(reasonable)1.sound sand【例句】She gave me some verysound advice.【翻译】她给了我一些非常合理的建议。2.rational r()n()l【例句】Thereis no rational explanation for his actions.【翻译】对他的所作所为无法作出合理的解释。3.sensible sensb()l【例句】It would seem more sensible to apply standards flexibly rather than rigidly.【翻译】灵活地运用标准比死守标准会显得更合情合理。八、著名的(famous)1.renowned rnand【例句】The region is renowned forits outstanding natural beauty.【翻译】该地区以其无以伦比的自然风景闻名于世。2.noticeable ntsb()l【例句】The class has made noticeable improvement.【翻译】这个班已有引人注目的进步。3.notable ntb()l【例句】 The book stands out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress ofmodern science.【翻译】这部著作是现代科学发展史上著名的里程碑之一。九、有益的（helpful ）1.favorable fevrbl【例句】Such events occur only when the external conditions are favorable.【翻译】这种事情只有在外部条件有利时才会发生。2.beneficial benf()l【例句】It can be beneficial to share your feelings with someone you trust.【翻译】向自己信任的人倾诉感情是很有益处的。3.rewarding rwd【例句】It is a very rewarding exercise to work this out oneself.【翻译】独自解决这个问题是一次受益匪浅的锻炼。中性形容词篇一、许多（many ）1.numerous nju:m()rs【例句】Numerous factories have sprung up in this once desolate area.【翻译】过去这一带满目苍凉， 现在却有了无数的工厂。2.a host of【例句】The special theory of relativity has raised a host of questions.【翻译】狭义相对论引出了许多问题。3.a multitude of【例句】I was awed by the multitudeof stars in the night sky.【翻译】夜空中的繁星震撼了我。二、不同的（different ）1.various vers【例句】These data have been collected from various sources.【翻译】这些数据是从各方面搜集来的。2.a variety of【例句】A variety ofheavy industries grew up alongside the port.【翻译】各种重工业沿着港口逐渐发展起来。3.diverse dav:s【例句】People hold diverse attitudes towardthese new regulations.【翻译】人们对于这些新规定抱有不同的态度。三、普遍的（common ）1.commonplace kmnples【例句】Yet on the most commonplaceoccasion I can never know your thoughts.【翻译】然而即便在最普通的场合我也琢摸不透你的心思。2.universal ju:nv:s()l【例句】Such problems are a universal feature of senior citizens.【翻译】这类问题是老年人的通病。3.pervasive pvesv【例句】It is the most pervasive compound on earth.【翻译】它是地球上最普遍的化合物。四、唯一的（only ）1.solely sll【例句】Success shouldnot bemeasuredsolely by educational achievement.【翻译】成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。2.unique ju:ni:k【例句】The examples are unique to this dictionary.【翻译】这些例证是这部词典独有的。3.merely ml【例句】You are merely reciting facts that you have learned by rote.【翻译】你只是在背诵自己死记硬背下来的东西。五、贫穷的（poor ）1.needy ni:d【例句】Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.【翻译】穷人和残疾人依靠政府的救济维持生计。2.impoverished mpvrt【例句】The rural people have been impoverished bya collapsing economy.【翻译】经济崩溃使农村地区的人们一贫如洗。3.in poverty【例句】He wasbred up in poverty.【翻译】他是在贫苦的生活环境中长大的。六、富裕的（rich ）1.wealthy wel【例句】All of them came from wealthy, upper classfamilies.【翻译】他们全部来自富有的上流社会家庭。2.well-heeled welhi:ld【例句】Both families are reasonably well-heeled and comfortably-off.【翻译】两家人都相当富有,都生活得很舒适。3.well-to-do【例句】She comes from a well-to-do family.【翻译】她出身于一个小康之家。七、大的（big ）1.vastv:st【例句】The pollution has already turned vast areasinto a wasteland.【翻译】污染已经使大片地区沦为不毛之地。2.massive msv【例句】We needed to reskill our workforce to cope with massive technological change.【翻译】我们得让工人学习新技能，以应对巨大的技术变革。3.enormous n:ms【例句】The enormous difficulty makes him cynical about the feasibility of the idea.【翻译】巨大的困难让他对这个主意是否可行持怀疑态度。八、新的 (new)1.brand-new【 例 句 】 NetElectronic Map has become a brand-new way for showing the geographicinformation.【翻译】网上电子地图已成为一种全新的地理信息展示方式。2.fresh fre【例句】The company seemed set to make a fresh start under a new broom.【翻译】公司似乎准备在新任领导的带领下开创新局面。3.novel nv()l【例句】Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating againststeeplyrising oil prices.【翻译】抗议者找到了抗议油价飞涨的新办法。贬义形容词篇一、不好的 (bad)1.undesirable ndzarb()l【例句】It was felt that the ageing of society was socially andeconomically undesirable.【翻译】老龄化对于社会和经济的不良影响呈现出来了。2.negative negtv【例句】You cant learn anything with negative attitude.【翻译】消极的态度会让你什么都学不到。3.adverse dv:s【例句】The expedition encountered adverse weather conditions.【翻译】探险队遇到了不利的气候条件。二、有害的（harmful)1.damaging dmd【例句】Many chemicals have a damaging effect on the environment.【翻译】许多化学物质都会对环境有破坏性的影响。2.ruinous ru:ns【例句】The decision was to prove ruinous.【翻译】后来证明这个决定造成了危害。3.destructive dstrktv【例句】Severe damage witnessed the destructive force of the storm.【翻译】严重的损失表明了这场暴风雨的巨大破坏力。三、困难的（difficult ）1.demanding dm:nd【例句】He found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.【翻译】他发现自己已无力应对那份劳神费力的工作了。2.laborious lb:rs【例句】They had the laborious task of cutting down the huge tree.【翻译】他们接受了伐大树的艰苦工作。3.formidable f:mdb()l【例句】He took on the formidable task of reforming the whole system.【翻译】他承担起改革整个系统的艰巨任务。四、无聊的（boring ）1.dull dl【例句】The conference was deadly dull.【翻译】会议开得死气沉沉的。2.tiresometas()m【例句】I findit very tiresome doing the same job day after day.【翻译】日复一日做相同的工作让我觉得非常无聊。3.tedious ti:ds【例句】He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.【翻译】会读书和思考的人不会感到长夜无聊或者生活乏味。五、忧虑的（worried ）1.anxious (k)s【例句】He wasanxious about the enormity of the task ahead.【翻译】他为眼前任务的艰巨性而担忧。2.apprehensive prhensv【例句】The longdelay had made me quite apprehensive.【翻译】长时间的耽搁使我相当焦虑。3.fraught fr:t【例句】It has been a somewhat fraught day.【翻译】这是令人颇为担忧的一天。六、沮丧的（sad ）1.depressed dprest【例句】She felt very depressed about the future.【翻译】她感到前途无望。2.gloomy glu:m【例句】They found himin gloomy, downbeat mood.【翻译】他们发现他情绪低落，无精打采。3.frustrated frstretd【例句】Both sides in the dispute appeared veryfrustrated at the lack of progress.【翻译】争执双方因事情毫无进展而显得十分沮丧。七、怀疑的（doubtful ）1.skeptical skeptkl【例句】Many were skeptical aboutthissolution.【翻译】许多人对这一解决办法表示怀疑。2.suspiciousssps【例句】Most organizations are, quite understandably, suspicious of new ideas.【翻译】大多数机构对新想法持怀疑态度，这不难理解。3.incredulousnkredjls【例句】She gave me an incredulous glance.【翻译】她表示怀疑地向我瞥了一眼。名词类一、 假设，猜想(guess)1.hypothesis hapss【例句】Their hypothesis is that watching excessive amounts oftelevision reduces apersons ability to concentrate.【翻译】他们的假说认为过度观看电视会导致注意力不集中等问题。2.speculation spekjulen【例句】The book is just a lot ofidlespeculation about thefuture.【翻译】这本书就是很多关于未来的无意义的猜想。3.assumption smpn【例句】Her plan is based on the underlying assumption that the economy willimprove in the near future.【翻译】她的计划是基于这样一个假设：经济将在不久的将来会有所改善。二、 提议(suggestion)1.proposal prpzl【例 句 】 This proposal would be a less restrictive way of obtaining the sameinformation.【翻译】该提议是以相对轻松的方式获取同等信息。2.recommendation rekmenden【例句】The president, according to a White House statement last week,has decidedto accept our recommendation.【翻译】白宫发言人上周表示总统已经决定接受我们的提议。3.proposition prpzn【例句】Right now, a significant minority (some 40 percent) of African-Americanvoters already agrees with that proposition.【翻译】现在，少数非洲裔美国选民（将近40%）已经同意了该提议。三、 动机，动力(motivation)1.impetus mpts【例句】This is the primary impetusbehind the economic recovery.【翻译】这是促使经济复苏的主要动力.2.momentum mmentm【 例 句】 They are each anxious to maintainthe momentum of the search for asolution.【翻译】他们每个人都迫切希望能一直劲头十足地去寻求解决方案。3.incentive nsentv【例句】Shealone had not only the incentive, but the necessary opportunity.【翻译】她不是缺少动力，而是缺少必要的机会。4.encouragement nkrdmnt【例句】Hes so invested in this dream of becoming a writer that any encouragementsends him flying.【翻译】他为实现作家梦付出了很大的心血，任何鼓励都让他非常高兴。四、 评估，估计(evaluation)1.assessment sesmnt【例句】This was an uncharitable assessment of the reasons for the failure.【翻译】这是对失败原因毫不讲情面的分析评估2.appraisal prezl【例句】What is needed in such cases is a calm appraisal of the situation.【翻译】在此类情况下需要对形势有一个冷静的评估。3.estimate estmt【例句】Atleast one estimate puts thetotal tabat $7 million.【翻译】至少有一个估价把总数定在了700万美元。4.judgment ddmnt【例句】Our judgment as to the cause of his failure must rest on the evidence.【翻译】我们是基于证据对他失败的原因进行评估。五、 混乱(disorder)1.disorganization ds:nazen【例句】Maybe this is just another manifestation of Democratic disorganization.【翻译】也许这又一次彰显了民主混乱。2.chaos kes【例句】Whatever troubles arise, well have peace of mind amidst seeming chaos.【翻译】 无论出现什么样的麻烦， 我们都会在貌似混乱的情形中保持平和的心态。3.turbulence t:bjlns【例句】The world situation ischaracterized by turbulence and intranquility.【翻译】世界局势动荡不安.4.turmoil t:ml【例句】My emotional turmoil had drained me.【翻译】纷乱的情绪让我心力交瘁。六、 工具设备(tool)1.appliance plans【例句】He could alsolearn to use the vacuum cleaner, the washingmachineandother household appliances.【翻译】他可以再学学使用吸尘器、洗衣机和其他家用电器2.equipment kwpmnt【例句】The photographer came early to set up his equipment.【翻译】摄影师很早就把他的设备搭起来了。3.device dvas【例句】The device can discriminate between the cancerous and the normal cells.【翻译】这台仪器可以辨别癌细胞和正常的细胞。4.apparatus prets【例句】They lacked the scientific personnel to develop the technical apparatus muchfurther.【翻译】他们缺少能够进一步研发这一技术装置的科研人员。5.instrumentnstrmnt【例句】The veto has beena traditional instrument of diplomacy for centuries.【翻译】几个世纪以来否决权一直是外交上惯用的手段。七、 同盟联盟(league)1.coalitionkln【例句】The Liberal leader hasannounced his partys withdrawal from the rulingcoalition.【翻译】自由党领袖已宣布该党退出执政联盟。2.alliance lans【例句】Yet now he was here, in extremis,to seek analliance.【翻译】然而现在他就在这里，在绝境中寻求联盟。3.allyla【例句】He is a close ally of the Prime Minister.【翻译】他是首相的亲密支持者。4.union ju:nin【例句】In union there is strength.【翻译】团结就是力量八、 娱乐消遣(leisure)1.pastime p:stam【例句】Reading always been an important part of learning and enjoyable pastime .一直以来【翻译】读书都是学习中的一个重要部分，也是消磨时间的好方法。2.recreationrekrien【例句】All thefamily members need to have their own interests and recreations.【翻译】所有的家庭成员都需要有自己的兴趣和休闲方式。3.diversion dav:n【例句】Finger painting is very messy but an excellent diversion.【翻译】用手指画画是很脏，但却是一项极好的消遣。九、 方式方法(way)1.mannermn(r)【例句】.For now, we need to interpret the law and its guidelines as accuratelyas we can and to act ina fairmanner.【翻译】2.fashion fn【例句】 So conscious business might mean, engaging in an occupation, work,or trade in a mindful, awake fashion.【翻译】 所以 “有意识的商业” 可能意味着用警觉的、 醒着的样式参与一项职业，工作或者贸易。3.approach prt【例句】We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.【翻译】我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。4.tactic tktk【例句】The giant oil corporations are earning fabulous profitsby cunningtactics.【翻译】这些大石油公司以狡诈的手段赚取巨额利润。5.means mi:nz【例句】According to social learning theories, social interaction is a means bywhich people acquire attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.【翻译】 根据社会学习理论， 社会交往是人们获得态度、 信念和行为的一种手段。6.channel tnl【例句】The Americans recognise that the UN can be the channel for greaterdiplomatic activity.【翻译】美国人认识到可以通过联合国这个渠道开展更多的外交活动。十、准 标准 (standard)1.criteria kratr【例句】At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria suchas prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problemsolving abilities.【翻译】目前选举候选人的一系列标准非常狭隘，例如以前的学术和职业表现，分析和解决问题的能力。2.norm n:m【例句】We conform to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they exis【翻译】我们很轻而易举便遵守规则，所以我们很难意识到他们的存在。十一、 进展(progresss)1.advance dv:ns【例句】Medical technology has advanced considerably.【翻译】医学技术突飞猛进。2.headway【例句】Shehas maderemarkable headway in her writing skills.【翻译】她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步.十二、 渴望希望(hope)1.desire dza(r)【例句】They seem to regain their desire for life.【翻译】他们似乎重获对生活的热望。2.eagerness i:gns【例句】He began to explain with the most considerable eagerness.【翻译】他开始解释，显得郑重其事，又万分热诚。3.urge :d【例句】He had an urge to open a shop of his own.【翻译】他很想自己开一家店4.hunger hg(r)【例句】I cant understand why he seems to have no hunger for knowledge.【翻译】我不明白为什么他看上去对知识毫无兴趣。5.yearningj:n【例句】He hasalways a yearning tobe a schoolteacher【翻译】他一直想成为一名老师十三、 意识(sense)1.consciousness knsns【例句】He is acutely conscious that this transition will bring with it the risk of socialunrest.【翻译】他非常清楚这种转变伴随着社会动乱的危险。2.awareness wens【例句】.He introduced radioto theschool to increase the childrens awareness.【翻译】他在学校开通广播，以提高孩子们的警觉性.3.perception prsepn【例句】Another interestingissuedeals with certain cultures perception of beauty.【翻译】十四、 性格(character)1.disposition dspzn【例句】He was a man of decisiveaction and an adventurous disposition.【翻译】他是一个行动果断又爱冒险的人。2.personality p:snlti【例句】In todays personality stakes, nothing is more highly valued than the sense ofhumor.【翻译】现代的性格特点中，没有什么比幽默感更有价值。3.temperament temprmnt【例句】His impulsive temperament regularly got himinto difficulties.【翻译】他容易冲动，经常因此惹麻烦。4.naturenet(r)【例句】She feels that her ambitious nature made her unsuitable for an arrangedmarriage.【翻译】她觉得她不安分的个性不适合包办的婚姻。十五、 承诺(promise)1.commitment kmtmnt【例句】They made a commitment topeace.【翻译】他们承诺要维护和平。2.pledge pled【例句】In the treaty both sides pledge to respect human rights.【翻译】双方在条约中都承诺将尊重人权。3.engagement ngedmnt【例句】All his time seems to be taken up with social engagements.【翻译】社会约定占据了他所有的时间十六、 情绪(feeling)1.mood mu:d【例句】People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe depressed or haveother mood disorder.【翻译】过度使用互联网可能会导致抑郁症或其他情绪失控。2.emotion mn【例句】Atide ofemotion rose and clouded his judgement.【翻译】心头涌起一阵强烈的感情，模糊了他的判断力。3.sentiment sentmnt【例句】He foundgrowing sentiment for military action.【翻译】他发现支持采取军事行动的情绪日益高涨。十七、 吸引力(attraction)1.appeal pi:l【例句】The game has lostits appeal.【翻译】这个游戏失去了吸引力2.fascination fsnen【例句】Water holds a fascination for most children.【翻译】水对多数孩子都有极大的吸引力。3.charmt:m【例句】Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the 1937 Disney classic, has lostnoneof its original charm.【翻译】1937 年迪斯尼推出的经典之作白雪公主和七个小矮人魅力不减当年。4.lure l(r)【例句】The lure of rural life is proving as strong as ever.【翻译】事实证明，乡村生活的魅力丝毫未减。5.allurement ljmnt【例句】Money isa kind of allurement forus.【翻译】对我们来说金钱是种诱惑物。6.temptation tempten【例句】Dont succumb to the temptation to have just one cigarette.【翻译】不要经不住诱惑，只抽一支烟也不行。十八、 责任(duty)1.responsibility rspnsblti【例句】Responsibility and moderation were to be the keynotes of their foreignpolicy.【翻译】责任和克制将是他们外交政策的核心2.obligation blgen【例句】Co-operation was more than just anattractive option, it was an obligation.【翻译】合作不仅仅是诱人的选择，它也是一种责任。3.accountability kantblt【例句】Good management in the police cannot be divorced from accountability.【翻译】对警察队伍的良好管理和应负的责任是分不开的。十九、 选择(choice)1.option pn【例句】The menu changesweekly and usually includes a vegan option.【翻译】菜单每周都有变化，通常包含可供严格的素食者选择的菜肴。2.alternative :lt:ntv【例句】You have the alternative of riding orwalking.【翻译】你可以选择骑车或者步行。3.preference prefrns【例句】Parents can express a preference for the school their child attends.【翻译】父母可以表达对自己孩子所上学校的偏好。4.selection slekn【例句】There isa wide selection of food available.【翻译】有很多可供选择的食物二十、 契约 协议(agreement)1.contract kntrkt【例句】Aformal contract is signed which is renewable annually.【翻译】正式签订了每年可续签的合同。2.pac