定语从句及经典例题汇编.doc

编制人： 审核人： 时间： 高考英语语法复习：定语从句概念：在复合句中，用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。一、定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导：1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能用that引导。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）三、关系代词的用法：1.who 指人 (引导限制性定语从句可做主语和宾语 ； 引导非限制性定语从句只做主语)whom 指人 (作宾语)a.The person_ is standing at the school gate is my best friend.b.The person _they are talking about is my best friend.2.that 指人、物 (作主语、宾语、表语 只能引导限制性定语从句)a.The person_ is standing at the school gate is my best friend.b.The person _they are talking about is my best friend.c.My hometown is no longer the place _ it was ten years ago.d.He is not the man _ he used to be.3.which 指物 (作主语、宾语)The book _ I am reading is written by Thomas.4.whose 指人、物 (作定语)1.He lives in a big house_ window faces the sea.=He lives in a big house the window of which faces the sea.=He lives in a big house of which the window faces the sea.2.Mr Smith , _ house was robbed ,reported it to the police.=Mt Smith , the house of whom was robbed, reported it to the police.= Mt Smith , of whom the house was robbed, reported it to the police.5.as 指人、物 (作主语、宾语、表语) 与 the same/ such /so 连用， 引导限制性定语从句Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.Here is such a big stone as no one can lift.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(同样的但不是同一支)This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.（是同一支） 引导非限制性定语从句, 既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子as 常用在以下结构中。(而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句之后或主句之中)as+主语+see /know/expect/imagine/supposeas is seen/ known/ expected/ imagined/ supposed/ announcedas often happens/as has been said before/as is often the caseAs is known to all, Taiwan is part of China./As Engels pointed, labor created man himself. /He went abroad, as we expected. 【即学即用】1.They wouldnt agree to sell the house to us at the same price_ they had promised,_ was rather disappointing.A which; as B as; that C as; which D that; thatB2.Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A that B which C what D when 注意事项：1.that与which的区别1）用that而不用 which的情况： 先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ； 先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰； 先行词有the only, the very, any等词修饰； 先行词既有人又有物时;当主语是以who，which等开头的特殊疑问句时，用thate.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.This is the best film that I have ever seen./Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. Who is the girl that is hurrying to school?2）用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句代表整个主句的意思介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, _made his father very angry. This is the room _ my father lived last year. 2关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. a.The man who_(live) downstairs speaks English fluently.b.The students who _(be) in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.四 关系副词的用法 when， where ，why 在从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语=介词+ which1.Do you still remember the day _we first met in Nanjing?2.This is the room _ we lived last year.3.Do you know the reason _he refused to go to Marys birthday party. 五 经典特例：1 He is one of the persons who_(invite) to the ball./He is the only one of the persons _ (invite) to the ball.2 I dont like the way _ he talks./I dont want to do it in the way _ he told me.3 Is this the factory _ I visited last year?/Is this factory _I visited last year?4 I will never forget the days _I spent with you on the farm.I will never forget the days _I worked with you on the farm.5 Do you know the reason _ he refused to go to Marys birthday party?The reason_ he put forward is very important.6 抽象地点名词如 situation, case, point, stage, scene 作先行词，在定语从句中作状语， 后可接where引导定语从句。e.g. They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other.I got to a stage_ I must try my best to realize my dream.抽象时间名词stage （时期），occasion，age, period作先行词时,在定语从句中作状语,用when引导定语从句。Occasions are rare _I have time to communicate with my parents.We are now living in a high-tech age _complicated things are becoming easy. A when B that C where D why7 in which case引导非限制性定语从句“ 如果那样的话 ”相当于 and in that caseShe may be late, _ we ought to wait for her. at which point 引导非限制性定语从句“就在这时” The film started to get very violent, _ I got frightened. degree: Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree _they can be controlled on purpose. from where, since when, by when 也可引导定语从句。Tom hid himself behind the door, _he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.She left home 3 years ago, _ we havent heard from her.8如何确定“介词+关系代词”中的介词：介词+关系代词也是历年来各省市高考的一个热点。关于介词的选用大体上可以从以下三方面去考虑：（1）根据与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.A on which B by which C to which D from whichGun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A of which B with which C about which D into whichCan you explain to me how to use these idioms _ Im not sure.（2）根据与先行词的习惯搭配或意义考虑Living in the central Australian desert has its problems,_ obtaining water is not the least.A of which B for what C as D whoseIs that the newspaper _ you often write articles. /1949 was the year _ the P.R.C. was founded.（3）根据与句子的具体含义来考虑The farmer used wood to build a house_ to store again. A with which B in which C which D whereBy nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A of which B on which C from which D above which9 判断下面两个where引导的从句是定语从句还是地点状语从句。Youd better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions._Youd better make a mark where you have any questions._10 填入恰当的词It was in the house_ I met the young man.This is the house _I met the young man./It was the kitchen_ the fire broke out.It was in the kitchen_ the fire broke out./It was in the hotel _ he lived _ I met him.11. 填入恰当的词Here is so big a stone _no one can lift it./ Here is such a big stone _ no one can lift.12定语从句与并列句Last week only two people came to look at the house, neither of_ wanted to buy it.Last week only two people came to look at the house, but neither of_ wanted to buy it.She brought with her three friends, none of_ I had ever met before.A them B who C whom D these定语从句考题及详解1. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which2. She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction_ has taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which3. The school shop,_ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where4. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,_, of course, made all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that5. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lakeA. which B. where C. who D. that6. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which7. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream. AWhen BWhere Cthat Dwhich8. The prize will go to the writer_ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what9. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of _ uses it somewhat differently . A. which B. what C. them D. those10. A bank is the place _they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain . A. when B. that C. where D. there11. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently A who B whom C which D that 12. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator , _ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while13. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that14. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who15. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. what16. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. whichC. whenD. where17. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products. A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which定语从句针对性训练1 He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A. which B. that C. it D. whom2 He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _he saw on the way to the Paris.A. what B. that C. which D. where3 Ill never forget the day _I joined the League.A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which4 The woman _my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D whom5 Jeanne was her old friend, _she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom6 His glasses, _he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg.A. which