《定语从句讲练》PPT课件.ppt

TheAttributiveClause定语从句全面复习讲解与练习,定语从句复习,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句的构成,Theoldladywholivesnexttoussellsbooks.YoushoulddoallthatIsaid.IhavefoundtheteatherwhomIamlookingfor.Ivisitedthefactorywheremyfatherworks.,关系代词关系副词,先行词之后,用陈述式语序,“.的”,关系词,1.从句位置及语序:,2.翻译方法:,3.构成,先行词和关系词的关系,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.,先行词和关系词的关系,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,themachine,amachine,Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.,关系代词的实质,amachine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Jointhefollowingsentences:TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.,her,Thelady,wesawyesterdayisGreen,Who/that,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,三、关系代词,关系代词的用法练习,1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.,Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.,Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.,Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.,Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.,Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,intheway=that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用,指人时可与ofwhom互换使用。,Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.,ThebossofthecompanytoldthestoryaboutMsKing.HisnamewasMrLittle.,His,Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.,his,Thebossofthecompany,thenameofwhomwasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing.,难用的whose,Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.,TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.,Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.,whose=thestudents,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,难用的whose,Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.,Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.,Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.,whose=thehouseswindow,Thehouseismine.,thewindowofwhichisbroken,ofwhichthewindowisbroken,whose引导的定语从句。,表示所属关系。,Theriver_banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstithesea.,whose,Thereare20studentsinthisclass,_aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose,非限制性定语从句,ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,Pleasecompare:,插入成分,修饰限定,补充解释,不能,能,.的,Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdayworkswell.Shakespeare,whoseplaysareverypopular,wasagreatwriter.,HissonwhoisadoctorisnowvisitingtheUSA.Hisson,whoisadoctor,isnowvisitingtheUSA.,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.Hefailedintheexam._madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_madehisparentsangry.,4.Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.,This,which,whom,them,that,1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_isaninterestingbook.,which,as引导的非限制性定语从句,Theearthisround._isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround_isknowntoallthattheearthisround.,It,which/as,As,It,as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as与which的区别,1.固定句型：Thesame.as;such.asIshalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Iwanttobuysuchabookasyouhave.2.说明整个句子，可放在主句前Asweallknow=Asisknowntoall,hestudieshard.Asissaidabove,.Asisoftenthecase,.Asisreportedinthenewspaper,.,Heisoftenlate,which/asisnotsurprising.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehismotherveryangry.Hisdogdied,whichmadehimverysad.,as引导的非限制性定语从句(1),ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.,Pleasecompare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as引导的限制性定语从句(2),Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),介词+关系代词的情况1,Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况2,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用与介词之后,介词+关系代词的情况3,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,注意：如何判断介词,Thegirl_whomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.Heistheman_whomIthinkyoucandepend.,1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,for,on,2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Dolphinsmightbetrainedtocooperatewithfishermenandhelpthembyfindingorevencatchingfish,_allofwhichactivitiesdolphinsareexpert.,with,in,3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,Therate_whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.Thisisourclassroom,_whichthereisateachersdesk.,at,inthefrontof,Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5of_arewomen.Thebookcontains50poems,mostof_waswrittenin1930s.Therearetwoleft,oneof_isalmostfinished,andtheotherof_isnotquite.Ihaveasentence,themeaningof_Idontunderstand.,whom,which,which,which,which,名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom,特殊情况,Idontliketheway_hespeakstome.Thisisthefirsttime_Ihavebeenhere.,that/省,that/省,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.,介词+关系代词的情况练习,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.,underwhich,ofwhich,fromwhich,towhom,ofwhich,关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。,All_canbedonehasbeendone.Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?Thereislittle_canbebelievedaboutit.Thebookdoesntsaymuch_amuseschildren.,that,that,that,that,1.先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。,Ivereadallthebooks_youlentme.Nosample_wenavereceivedissatisfactory.Pleasesendusanyinformation_youhaveaboutthesubject.Heistheonlyperson_waspresentatthetime.,that,that,that,that,2.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,Hamburgisthemostbeautifulcity_Iveeverseen.ThisisthebestTV_ismadeinChina.Thefirstmuseum_hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.,that,that,that,3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,Thisisthefirst/second/lastbook(that)hehasread.,Thefamouswriterandhisworks_theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing_sufferspain,death,harm,etc.,that,that,4.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.,5.关系代词在从句中作表语，或先行词指物且在主句中作表语.,Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.,Hedidntbecomethekindofpersonthathisfatherwantedhimtobe.,Itisasongthatisverypopular.,Itsabookthatwillhelpyoualot.,Who_youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?Who_youaretalkingtoistheyoungfellow?,that,that,6.Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that。,Welldone!,不管先行词是人还是物,只用that的两种情况:,Whichisthesubject(that)youaregoingtolearnnextterm?,Whoisthemanthatcametoseeyoujustnow?,2.关系代词在从句中作表语时：Heisnolongertheman(that)heusedtobe.,1.由which和who开头的问句中避免重复,三、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况,Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,_Ihaventmetforalongtime.,which,which,who,whom,在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。,Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.Thisistheringon_shespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,with_Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.,which,which,whom,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。,在下列情况指人只能用who而不用thatOnewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.TheoneswhoareoftenlateshouldbepunishedDonttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtnttoknowit.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.1.先行词是one/ones/anyone时要用who,Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.HewhohasnotbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Hewhobreaksthelawispunished.2.先行词为those,he时用“who”而不用“that”.,在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which做关系代词的情况,在介词后面,下列情况只能用which,Hisdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.Whichisthecar,theownerofwhichyouknow?1.非限定性的定语从句2.介词后面,关系副词when,where,why的用法,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Illneverforgetthefactorywheremyfatherworked.Tellmethereasonwhyyoucamelate.,=onwhich,=inwhich,=forwhich,Where引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用引导定语从句。从句做状语。,Thisisthetownwhere(=inwhich)Ispentmychildhood.Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.Illshowyouthepaintwhereyoufailed.,When引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句。从句作状语。,Illneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)Imetyou.Thiswasthetimewhen(=atwhich)heleftforBijing.Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewontbebusy.,why引导的定语从句。,先行词是表示原因的名词，用引导定语从句。从句作状语。,Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididntcomehere.,Thereason_shegavewasnottrue.,whichthat,注意1,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,Thelibrary_studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.Thelibrary,_wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.Thelibrary_youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.,where,which,which,注意,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,Illneverforgettheday_wefirstmetinthepark.Illneverforgetthetime_Iwassenttocampuson.Illneverforgetthetime_wasspentwithyou.,when,whichthat,whichthat,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,which,why/forwhich,that/which,难点解析：几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,Thisistheday_Imethim.Thisistheday_Iwillneverforget.Thisistheday_wespenttogether.Thisistheplace_Ilivedlastyear.Thisistheplace_Iwasborn.Thisistheplace_Ivisitedlastyear.,when/onwhich,(that/which),(that/which),where/inwhich,where/inwhich,(that/which),Thereason_hegavemeisnotreasonable.Thereason_heislateisreasonable.,(that/which),why/forwhich,难点解析：易混情况之含有定语从句的疑问句,Isthishouse_youlivedinlastyear?A.whereB.thatCwhichD.theoneIsthisthehouse_youlivedinlastyear?A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.theone,D,B,注意2,区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句,Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。,Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.,区别于其它从句,Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.Makeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.Putthenotewhereitcaneasilybefound.Putthenoteattheplacewhereitcaneasilybefound.ThisiswhereIwasborn.(表语从句)ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.,Exercisesthat,whichorwho?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,whose,whomorwho?,9.Isthereanythingelse_youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,Thisistheteacher_teachesusmaths.Sheisthegirl_Imetattheparty.Themoney_isinthewalletismine.Themoney_mymothergavemeyesterdayhasbeenstolen.Thisisthehouse_mysisterlivesin.,that/which,(that/which),(that/which),(who/whom/that),who/that,用“介词+关系代词”填空1.Thisistheroom_theyoncelived.2.Illneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.3.Thisisthereason_Ifailed.4.Thepencil_hewrotewasbroken.5.Shehasthreechildren,all_areatschool.,inwhich,onwhich,forwhich,withwhich,ofwhom,6.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one_isLuXun.7.Hehaslostthekeytothebox_thepapersarekept.8.Myglasses,_Iwaslikeblindman,felltothegroundandbroke.9.Theage_childrencangotoschoolisseven.10.Hisbike_hewenttoworkwasstolenlastnight.,ofwhom,inwhich,withoutwhich,atwhich,onwhich,四、关系代词与介词,1.Thisisthefactory_Ionceworked.2.Thehouse_hespent100,000yuanisverybeautiful.3.Thehouse_hepaid100,000yuanisverybeautiful.4.Thisisthehero_weareproud.5.Icantfindtheverypen_Iwrotethatletter.,inwhich,onwhich,forwhich,ofwhom,withwhich,6.Idontknowthestudent_Tomquarreledyesterday.7.Idontknowthething_TomandMaryquarreledyesterday.8.Thisisthehotel_youwillstay.,withwhom,aboutwhich,inwhich,9.Sheisthegirl_Iwentthere.,10.Thisisthehouse_mysisterlives,withwhom,inwhich,Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespentinBeijing.Thehouse_wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse_Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,关系代词和关系副词的选择,Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?Isthisthefactory_hisfatherworks?,(that/which),theone(that),where,Thereason_hewaslatewasthathismotherwasill.,Thereason_hegaveforhisbeinglatewasthathismotherwasill.,(that/which),why,介词加关系代词的基本用法,Theman_youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.Theroom_myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.Didyoufindthepen_Iwrotejustnow?Didyoufindthepaper_Iwrotemyletter?Didyoufindthecomposition_Iwrotejustnow?,withwhom,inwhich,withwhich,onwhich,(which/that),Iwillneverforgettheday.Ifirstwenttoschoolontheday.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.(比较)Iwillneverforgettheyear_Ifirstwenttoschool.,when,onwhich,when/inwhich,Lastweekwevisitedthefactory.Mybrotherworksinit.,Lastweekwevisitedthefactory_mybrotherworks.Lastweekwevisitedthefactory_mybrotherworksin.Lastweekwevisitedthefactory_mybrotherworks.,where,(which/that),inwhich,Hedidntcomeforthereason.Thereasonwasnotclear.,Thereason_hedidntcomewasnotclear.Thereason_hedidntcomewasnotclear.,why,forwhich,Exercises:,1.All_isusefultousisgood.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether2.Isthisfactory_theforeignvisitorsvisitedlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.theone3.Shewillneverforgetthedays_shespentinBeijing.A.whenB.whatC.whichD.why,C,D,C,4.Thisistheschool_myfatherwor