Sissy中级口译数字口译.ppt

Lecture11InterpretationSkill:FigureInterpretation(1),TeachingProcedures,I.DictationII.InterpretingFigures,InterpretingofFiguresI,examples,1.请用英语和汉语分别表达下面一组数字：1234567891234,Onetrilliontwohundredandthirty-fourbillionfivehundredandsixty-sevenmillioneighthundredandninety-onethousandtwohundredandthirty-four一兆两千三百四十五亿六千七百八十九万一千二百三十四,请用英语和汉语分别译出所述数字,12亿9988万；542million830thousand,1billion299million880thousand;542,830,000,汉语数字分段法：,英语数字分段法：,A.SomePracticalDifficultiesforChineseInterpretersForaninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisalwaysbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater.Notablyamongthedifficultiesarethefollowing:,ABriefIntroduction,InChinese,onetendstosay“万”and“亿”ofwhichthereisnoequivalentinEnglish.Hence“一万”mustberenderedinto“10千”(tenthousand);“三万”into“30千”(thirtythousand);“二十万”into“200千”(twohundredthousand),etc.And“一亿”mustberenderedinto“100百万”(onehundredmillion);“一亿三十万”into“100百万零300千”(onehundredmillionandthreehundredthousand);,“十亿”into“1,000百万”(onethousandmillion,oronebillion);and“一百亿”,“10千百万”(i.e.tenthousandmillionor10billion),etc.Allthismaycausecomplicationforabeginnerorforthoseyounginterpreterswhohavenotundergonesufficienttraininginthisregard.,2)ThewayscomparisonisexpressedinChineseare,insomerespects,differentfromthoseinEnglish,especiallywhenthequestionsofcountableanduncountablenounsareinvolved,e.g.(1)ThoughinChinesewesay“倍”whenwetalkabout“学校为的三倍”indescribingtheincreaseinthenumberofschools,inEnglishweshallhavetosay,forinstance,“Therearethreetimesasmanymiddleschoolsnowinourprovinceastherewereintheearlypost-liberationdays.”,(2)ThoughinChineseweusethesameword“倍”whenwetalkabout“粮食产量”,inEnglishweshallhavetosay,forexample,“Ourprovinceproducestwiceasmuchgrainasitdidontheeveofliberationin1949.”,3)QuiteafewunitsofmeasurementinChinesesuchasli(1/2kilometers),mu(0.66hectare,or1/6acre),jin(1/2kilogram),etc.usuallyhavetobeconvertedintothemetricsystemsbytheinterpreteronformaloccasions,soastofacilitateunderstanding.Andthisextrabitofwork(concerningconversioninunitsofmeasurement)couldbequiteastrainonaninterpreterunlesshehasalreadyacquiredsomeexperienceinthecourseoftrainingandpractice.,1)Twosignificantpoints:a.asindicatedearlier,itisriskytryingtodoalongseriesoffigureininterpretingwithoutjottingthemdowninafeasibleway.Toensureaccuracyitisalwayshelpfulandreassuringtospeedilyjotthemdownastheyarebeinguttered(orread)bytheoriginalspeakers.,B.SomePracticalHintstoRemember,b.InthecaseofC-EandE-Cinterpretation,figuresdorequireasufficientamountoftraining.Byfigureswemean,inalargersense,notonlyalongseriesoffigurescombinedwithvariousunitsofmeasurementsbutalsoalongstringofdocumentsymbolsandlongseriesofpropernames(ofpersons/places).,(1)Tolayemphasisonthespeedyandaccuraterenderingoffiguresinvolving“万”and“亿”asafirststep.(2)Topracticetherapidreadingof5-digitnumbers,8-digitnumbersand,then,10-digitnumbers,etc.inbothChineseandEnglish,andthencombinethemwithvarious“unitsofmeasurement”untilaccuracyandfluencyareachieved.,3)Somepossiblesignsused:,(1)Usingcomma(,)eachrepresentingonegroupof3naught,e.g.“fortythousand”,representedby“40,”means“四万”;“sixhundredthousand”,representedby“600,”means“六十万”“sevenmillion”,representedby“7,”means“七百万”“thirtymillion”,representedby“30,”means“三千万”,(2).Aneasytablecouldbeusefulwhenyouhearthenumbers.Youjustfillintheform.,(3).Ifanumberisbiggerthanamillion,theeasiestwayistouseapointafterthenumberofmillion.Forinstance,396万,canbeputinthisway,3.96million.Applythesamewaytothefollowingnumbers:3,956万39.65million3亿9,650万396.5million;Ifthenumberisbiggerthanabillion,adoptthesamewaytodoit.e.g.129亿12.9billion,(4).Notethefollowingwaysofuncertainnumbers几个some;afew;several十几个morethan/overadozen;less/nomorethantwenty几十个dozensof几十年Decades七十好几了welloverseventy二十刚出头inher/hisearlytwenties三十大几了（快四十了）inher/hislatethirties千千万万thousandsandthousandsof好几百个hundredsof成千上万thousandsuponthousandof几十万hundredsofthousandsof数以百万计的millionsof亿万(人)hundredsofmillionsof十年adecade二十年ascore/fourscoreandsevenyearsago三十年(25-30)ageneration五十年halfacentury一百年的centennial一百年/世纪Century,4).InChineseweoftenhearortalkaboutordinalnumbers.IfweinterpretinEnglish,wehavetochangethewaysofasking/inquiry.这是你第几次来中国？IsthisyourfirstvisittoChina?ThisisntyourfirstvisittoChina,isit?HowmanytimeshaveyoubeeninChina?你们队得了第几名？Didyourteamwinthechampionship?Didyouget/winthefirstplaceinthecompetition?这孩子是（你的）老几呀？Isthisyouroldest/youngestchild/son/daughter?,数字口译补充材料,数字的翻译是口译中的一大难关，即使是老翻译，当遇到数字时，尤其是遇到五位数以上的数字时，也不敢有半点松懈。这不仅仅是因为数字难译，更重要的是在商贸谈判或外交活动中，数字误译所造成的后果是不堪设想的。数字口译之所以难，其中一个主要原因在于英汉对于四位数以上的数字的表达有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英语数字的表达以每三位数为一段位，而汉语以每四位数为一段位。关于数字翻译，调查显示：英译汉时难点在记忆，汉译英时，难点在于快速表达。以下我们从记笔记和转换两方面来演示在课堂内外如何实践以求尽快掌握数字的翻译。,Tips1)先练习“大整数”换算对译，再练各个数级换算，最后练习（million,billion对译汉语的一百万、十亿）繁杂零琐的数字；2)尽量利用笔记，提倡在听辨源语数字同时立即译成译语（边听、边记、边译）用B或b记录“十亿”，用M或m记录“百万”，如：twobillionthirty-fourmillion2B34M十二亿四千万1B240M,3).点线法,中译英时，应在听到“亿”时即斜向划一长线/，听到“万”时再划同样的斜长线/，剩下的数字则仍用“符号结合阿拉伯数字”的通用方式完成，或者一律记阿拉伯数字，但不一定立即译成相应的译语数字。（记住是四位一段）例1：一亿三千零二万零八百五十八1/3002/0858例2：一百零一亿七千四百八十九万五百四十101/7489/0540,汉语数字分段法：第一段位个十百千第二段位万十万百万千万第三段位亿十亿百亿千亿第四段位兆（万亿）英语数字分段法：第一段位OneTenHundred第二段位Thousand,Tenthousand,Hundredthousand第三段位Million,Tenmillion,Hundredmillion第四段位Billion,Tenbillion,Hundredbillion第五段位Trillion,口译时，从右向左，逆着原记录顺序每三位打一个逗号（分节号），便可将这些数字切分成印欧语系诸语言的进位单位了。用此方法，需要牢记分节号左位数的单位。从右向左：第一个分节号左位是“千”位，第二个分节号左位是“百万”位，第三个分节号左位是“十亿”位。例1：1/30,02/0,858130M20Th8Hu数词与fold组成的合成词;“byafactorof+数词“。比如3倍，又用3times或three-fold（threefold），也可用byafactorofthree来表示。Withtheresultofautomationproductivityhasincreased6timesinthatfactory.由于自动化的结果，那个工厂的生产率增加了5倍。（或译成增加到6倍）,“表示倍数意义的动词宾语”作动词用的倍数常见的有double（两倍）、treble（三倍）、quadruple（四倍）等。Asthehighvoltagewasabruptlytrebled,allthevalvesburnt.由于高压突然增加了两倍，管子都烧坏了。,综上所述,翻译“几倍于”和“增加几倍”时，汉语有两种不同的表示法，两者正好相差一倍，所以要多加注意。以threetimes为例：包括原来底数的译法：“是三倍”、“为三倍”、“三倍于”或“增加到三倍”等。不包括原来底数的译法：“大两倍”、“长两倍”、“增加两倍”或“增加了两倍”等。,三、倍数减少的译法,英语中还可以用具有减少意义的词加倍数来表示减少的数量。句中的倍数是指原量为现量的倍数。由于汉语不能说“减少多少倍”，所以汉译时需要将原文倍数化为分数，译成“减少了”（指减去部分），或译成“减少到“（指剩下部分）。Byusingthisnewprocessthelossofmetalwasreducedfourtimes.采用这种新工艺使金属损耗减少了四分之三。（或译为降到了四分之一）Theprincipaladvantageisafour-foldreductioninvolume.主要优点是体积缩小了四分之三。注：如果减少的倍数中有小数点，则要换算成不带小数点的分数。比如reduce4.5times，应换算成整数（）后，译成“减少到九分之二”，或“减少了九分之七”。,四比例与百分比的表达法,1比例的表达方式分两种，表示成正比常用词组：varywith,beproportionalto,themorethemore。表示成反比常用词组：varyinverselywith,themoretheless。例如：商品的价格与质量成正比。Thepricesofcommoditiesvarywiththequality.如果电压不变，电阻和电流成反比。Ifthevoltageremainsconstant,themoretheresistancethelessthecurrent.,2百分比的表示法通常有以下三种情形：百分数与by连用，作状语。例如：与去年同期相比，国家第一季度的总收购量增长了6.2%。Thetotalvolumeofstatepurchaseinthefirstquarterroseby6.2,comparedwiththesameperiodoflastyear.百分数单独做状语。例如：去年日本小汽车产量比1990年下降了12。TheoutputofcarsinJapanlastyearwas12%lessthanin1990.百分比作定语、宾语。例如：金属损耗减少到30以下。Thelossofmetalhasbeenreducedtolessthan30%.,五、趋势语的表达法,英语中有丰富的描述数字上升、下降或稳定的词汇，即趋势语（trendlanguage）。如下列句子中划线的词汇：Theareaofcultivatedlanddecreasedby7.6millionhectares,buttheyieldperhectarerosebyanaverageof180kg.Averageannualgrainsupplyperpersongrowfrom200to400kg,andmeatfrom9to15kg.,下面列举一些英语中常用来表达趋势的词汇：,表示上升趋势：anincrease增加,arise提高,aclimb爬升,ajump上升,agrowth增长;toincrease增加,torise提高,toclimb爬升,tojump上升,togrow增长,toreach升至,togoup上升。表示下降趋势：afall下降,adrop跌落,adecline下跌,adecrease减少;tofall下降