《亨利菲尔丁》PPT课件.ppt

,FatheroftheEnglishNovel,Fielding,Henry,BriefIntroductionabouttheauthor,Fielding,Henry(1707-1754),Englishnovelist,playwright,andbarrister,who,withhiscontemporarySamuelRichardson,establishedtheEnglishnoveltradition.FieldingwasbornatSharphamPark,Somerset,andeducatedatEtonCollege(between1719and1725)andinlawattheLeidenUniversity.,BriefIntroductionabouttheauthor,BriefIntroductionabouttheauthor,Miscellanies(3volumes,1743)Twovolumesofpoliticaljournalism:TheTruePatriot(1745)andTheJacobitesJournal(1747)TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling(1749)inthepicaresque(以流浪汉和无赖为题材的)tradition,involvingtheadventuresandmisadventuresofaroguishheroAmelia(1751),BriefIntroductionabouttheauthor,In1752hereturnedtopoliticalwritingaspublisheroftheperiodicalTheCoventGardenJournal.However,illnessforcedhimtorelinquishhispostasmagistratein1753.,BriefIntroductionabouttheauthor,菲尔丁自身生活非常穷苦，那就是他为什么同情贫穷和不幸，在他的小说中与社会不公和政治腐败抗争。作为一个受教育的人，他相信文学的教育作用。他分享了同一时代的英国启蒙思想家的观点，小说的目的不仅是搞笑，而是指导作用。小说的目标是展现生活的忠实的图片，“人类方式的翻版”，教他们的纹路，以至教人们如何了解他们自己，他们正常和适合的方式。,Hisworks:,Hisfamousplays:TheCoffeeHousePolitician(1730)咖啡店政客TheTragedyofTragedies(1730)悲剧中的悲剧Pasquin讽刺诗(1736)TheHistoricalRegisterfortheYear历史记事HisNovels:JosephAndrews约瑟夫.安德鲁TheHistoryofJonathanWildtheGreat大伟人乔纳森.维尔德传TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling弃婴汤姆琼斯的故事Amelia阿尔米亚,WritingTechniquesandStyle,Hismethodofrelatingastory:Itmaybetoldinaseriesofletters;Itmaybeputinthemouthoftheprincipalcharacter;Itmaybetolddirectlybytheauthor.,WritingTechniquesandStyle,Histwokindsofsatires:1.humoroussatire(thelighterkindofsatire)-seemsthebestwaytogetridofthefolliesofthegeneralpublic.2.grim严酷satire-isusedtolashthecardinalevilsofthecorruptrulingclass.(JonathanWildtheGreat),AchievementinEnglishnovel,FieldinghasbeenregardedbysomeasFatheroftheEnglishNovelforhiscontributiontotheestablishmentoftheformofthemodernnovel.Ofalltheeighteenth-centurynovelists,hewasthefirsttosetout,bothintheoryandpractice,towritespecificallya“comicepicinprose（散文体喜剧史诗）,”thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.,AchievementinEnglishnovel,Beforehim,therelatingofastoryinanovelwaseitherintheepistolary（书信的）form(aseriesofletters),asinRichardsonsPamela,orthepicaresque（传奇式流浪冒险的）form(adventurouswanderings)throughthemouthoftheprincipalcharacter,asinDefoesRobinsonCrusoe,AchievementinEnglishnovel,Fieldingadopted“thethird-personnarration,”inwhichtheauthorbecomesthe“all-knowingGod.”He“thinksthethought”ofallhischaracters,soheisable-topresentnotonlytheirexternalbehaviorsbutalsotheinternalworkingsoftheirminds.Inplanninghisstories,hetriestoretainthegrandepicalformoftheclassicalworksbutatthesametimekeepsfaithfultohisrealisticpresentationofcommonlifeasitis.,AchievementinEnglishnovel,Hislanguageiseasy,unlabored（自然的，流利的）andfamiliar,butextremelyvividandvigorous.Hissentencesarealwaysdistinguishedbylogicandrhythm,andhisstructurecarefullyplannedtowardsaninevitableending.Hisworksarealsonotedforlively,dramaticdialoguesandothertheatricaldevicessuchassuspense,coincidenceandunexpectedness.,菲尔丁被认作是“英国小说之父”，因为他对现代小说形式建立的贡献。他是在理论和实践上第一个开始的十八世纪的所有小说家，特别是写了“散文体喜剧史诗”，给了现代小说以结构和方式。在他之前，小说相关的故事理查德逊的帕梅拉为代表的书信形式（一系列的信件），或者是或者是通过主要人物的讲述，例如笛福的鲁宾逊漂流记的传奇式流浪冒险的形式。但是菲尔丁采纳“第三人称叙述“，在这里面作者变为“无所不知的神”。他所有的人物都思考思想，因此他能够不仅展现他们外部的行为，而且也展现他们头脑的内部作品。在他的故事中，他试图保持古典作品的史诗形式，但是同时对像他的现实展现。他的语言是容易的，流利的和熟悉的，但是极度灵活和有力的。他的句子是以罗技和韵律为标记，他的结构仔细地指向必然的结尾。他的作品也是以灵活的，戏剧的对话和其他的例如悬念，一致而出乎意外。,AchievementinEnglishnovel,TheThemes,InhisworksFieldingstronglycriticizedsocialrelationsinthecontemporaryEngland.Aristocratsandmensetinauthorityembodyalltheevils;theypersecutetheheroesandobstructtheireverymoveandaction.Hispositivecharactersarealwayspeoplewithnatural,unpervertedfeelings.,TheTheme,Fieldingshowsthe18thcenturyloveofsatire.Hehatesthathypocrisywhichtriestoconcealitselfunderamaskofmorality.Intheevolutionoftheplotsofhisnovels,heinvariablyputssuchcharactersinpositionswhichtearawaytheirmask.Hedisplaysalmostsavagepleasureinmakingthemridiculous.,TomJones,theplotthethemewritingskillstheinfluence,Example:,ThelistofMainCharactersandtheRelationships,SquireAllworthy,SquireWestern,BridgetAllworthy,CaptainBlifil,TomJones,SophiaWestern,Honour,MissWestern,BenjaminPartridgeJennyJones即Mrs.WatersLordFellamarLadyBellaston,Mr.Summer,MasterBlifil,BlackGeorgeSeagrimMollySeagrim,RogerThwackumThomasSquare,SquireAllworthywasabenevolentgentlemanofSomersetshirewholivedwithhissisterBridgerAllworthy.Oneday,afterhereturnedfromLondonthreemonthslater,hefoundababyinhisbed,andnamedhimTomJones.,SquireAllworthydoubtedthatJenneyJoneswhowastheservantofschoolmasterPartridgewasTomsmother.Jenneydidknowwhowasthebabysmother,butasshereceivedasumofmoneyfromthewoman,soshehadtoadmitshewastheone,andSquiresenthertoanotherplace.AsPartridgehadrelationwithJenney,sopeopledoubthewasTomsfather,andhewasalsodrivenaway.,Later,BridgermarriedCaptainBlifl,andhadasoncalledBlifl.AfterthedeathofCaptainBlifl,theylivedwithSquire,andSquirealsoclaimedBliflashisheir.Tomwasnaughtybutkindandhonestinnature,incontrast,Bliflwashypocrisyandselfish,buthepretendedtobemodestandrespectfulbeforeSquire.,RogerThwackumandThomasSquareweretheirtutors.BecauseofBliflsposition,theystoodwithBliflandoppressedTom.SquireWesternhadabeautifuldaughternamedSophia.Thethreeyoungstersalwaysplayedtogether.SophiaandTomfellinlovewitheachother.AsTomalwayscametovisitGeorgeSeagrim,thegamekeeper猎场看守人,healsofellinlovewithGeorgesseconddaughterMolly,andtheyhadarelation.Butatthesametime,MollyalsodatedwithSquare,soTomrenouncedwithMolly.,Atthesametime,Sophiafellfromahorse,andTomrescuedher.Asaresult,theyweremuchmorecloselythanbefore.Forthereasonoffortune,BliflpursuitSophia,too.TogetridofTom,hecalledhistwotutorstospeakillofTombeforeAllworthy.Atlast,Tomwasdrivenawayfromhome.Mrs.WesterntriedtomakeamatchbetweenSophiaandBlifl.Torefusehermarrriage,SophiaescapedtoLondonwithhermaidMrs.Honour.,Ontheotherhand,TommetPartridge,andtravelledtogether.Oneday,therescuedaladynamedMrs.Water,andshewasJenneyinfact.Tomsenthertoahotel,andwastemptedbyher.Atthesametime,Sophiaandhermaidarrivedthehotel,andheardthescandal.WithanotetoTom,sheleftangrily.,LaterTomtriedtofindSophia,buthewasfoiledbyanotherladyBellaston.Shegavehimmaterialsupport,andtheyhadarelation.LadyBellastonknewSophialoveTom,soshetriedtomakeamatchbetweenSophiaandLordFellamar.ThelordevenuseunlawfulwaytotrytopersuadeSophia.Fortunately,Sophiawasrescuedbyherfather.,ToescapefromLadyBellaston,hewrotealetterformarriage.Expectedly,sherefused,soTomgottheexcusetocuttherelationwithher.Angrily,LadyBellastoncolludedwithLordFellamar,andsentTomtoprison.BliflbribedthelawyerandclaimedTomamurderer.Finally,SquareconfessedtoAllworthyBliflsbadthing,andwithotherhelp,Tomwasrescued.Infact,TomwasBridgersson.AllworthyreclaimedTomashisheir,andSquireWeaternagreedthemarriageofTomandSophia.,OriginallyentitledTheHistoryofTomJones,AFoundling,thebooktellsthestoryofthetitlecharacterfrominfancythroughhismarriagetothebeautifulandvirtuousSophiaWestern,thepursuitofwhomtakesupmuchofthetale.Alongtheway,Fieldingrelentlesslysatirizesthehypocrisyandvanityofmostofhissupportingcast.,HeshowsthatthelustyrascalTomis,infact,aninfinitelybetterhumanbeingthantheviciouspretenderswhosurroundhimandschemeagainsthimwhilecamouflagedinathinveneerofartificialvirtue.Theheroovercomesnotonlyallexternalplotsandobstaclesbut,mostimportantly,hisownweaknessesofcharacter,towinbothloveandfortune.,WritingTechniquesofTomJones,TomJonesisapicaresquenovel流浪汉小说/流浪汉冒险记satiricalanddepictsinrealisticandoftenhumorousdetailtheadventuresofaroguish