《国际贸易实务》PPT课件.ppt

Import&Exportpractices,Qulity,quantityandpackagingofcommodity,Import&Exportpractices,Qualityofcommodity,Quantity,Transport,Package,Price,Payment,Insurance,Inspection,Claims&dispute,allthetermsandconditionsagreedupon,Import&Exportpractices,数量条款,QuantityNW1200M/T,Import&Exportpractices,Quantityofgoods,Import&Exportpractices,先行案例,我某出口公司在某次交易会上与外商当面谈妥出口大米10000公吨，每公吨USD275FOBSHANGHAI。但我方公司在签约时，合同上只笼统地写了10000吨，我方当事人主观上认为合同上的吨是指公吨。后来，外商来证要求按长吨供货。如果我方按长吨供货要多交大米160.5公吨，折合美元为44137.5美元。于是，双方发生争议。,Import&Exportpractices,ImportanceofQuantity,Anybusinessdealconsistsofacertainquantityofgoodssuppliedbythesellerandacertainsumofmoneypaidbythebuyer.Withoutacertainquantityofgoods,anybusinessdealwouldbegroundless.,Thus,quantityclauseisoneoftheessentialtermsandconditionsfortheconclusionofatransactioninthecontract.,Import&Exportpractices,UnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods（CISG)requiresthatthequantityofgoodsdeliveredshouldbeidenticaltothatcalledforinthecontract,Otherwisethebuyerisentitledtorejecttheportionofgoodsexcessiveinquantity,andtoclaimagainstthesellerifthequantityisfoundtobelessthanthatcalledforinthecontract.,ImportanceofQuantity,Import&Exportpractices,QUANTITY,Thequantityclausemainlyincludes:thequantityofcommodity.theunitofcommodity.eg:Quantity:1000M/T,Import&Exportpractices,QUANTITY,Quantityofgoodsreferstotheweight,number,length,volume,area,capacity,etc.whichareindicatedbydifferentmeasuringunits.,Import&Exportpractices,MeasurementUnits(计量单位）,Tocalculatebyweight:(按重量来计算）Itisusuallyusedformineralproducts,agriculturalby-productssuchaswool,cotton,grainsandoreproducts.kilogram,kg.gram,g.metricton,m/tlongton,l/tpound,1b.shortton,s/tounce,oz.（盎司）Carat(克拉),Import&Exportpractices,MeasurementUnitsofQuantity,TocaculatebyNumber:Constantlyusedformeasurementofindustrialproductsandgeneralproductssuchasready-madeclothes,paper,toysandsoon.piece,pc./pair/package,pkg./roll/set/dozen,doz./gross,gr./ream,rm./bundle/bale/bag/case,c/s/box,bx.,1打=12件1罗=12打1令=480张（英）1令=500张（美）,Import&Exportpractices,MeasurementUnitsofQuantity,TocalculatebyLength:Itismostlyusedfortextileproducts,metalcords,electricwires,ropesandsoon.yard,yd.meter,m.inch,in.foot,ft.centi-meter,cm1英尺=12英寸=30.48厘米3英尺=1码.,Import&Exportpractices,MeasurementUnitsofQuantity,TocalculatebyArea:Itisoftenusedintradeofglass,textileproductssuchascarpets,etc.squareyard,sq.yd.squaremeter,sq.m.squarefoot,sq.ft.squareinch,sq.in.,Import&Exportpractices,MeasurementUnitsofQuantity,TocalculatebyVolume:Itisgenerallyusedfortimber/wood,chemicalgases,etc.cubicmeter,cu.m.cubicyard,cu.yd.cubicfoot,cu.ft.cubicinch,cu.in.,Import&Exportpractices,MeasurementUnitsofQuantity,TocalculatebyCapacity:Itismostlyusedforgrain,alcohol,oil,etc.liter,l.gallon,gal.（加仑）bushel,bu.-美国作为各种谷物的计量单位。但每蒲式耳所代表的重量因谷物不同而有所差异。1加仑=3.78升1蒲式耳=35.238升,Import&Exportpractices,MeasurementUnitsofQuantity,Import&Exportpractices,Thesystemaboutmeasurements度量衡制度,MetricSystem-公制BritishSystem-英制U.S.System-美制InternationalSystemofUnits-国际单位制中华人民共和国计量法第三条中明确规定：“国家采用国际单位制。国际单位制计量单位和国家选定的其他计量单位为国家法定计量单位。”,Import&Exportpractices,度量衡制度与计量单位,在不同的度量衡制度下，同一计量单位，所代表的数量不同。如：吨（Ton）,Import&Exportpractices,MethodsofweightCalculation,Ininternationaltrade,therearemanygoodswhicharecalculatedbyweight.,Import&Exportpractices,MethodsofweightCalculation,1.GrossWeightGrossweightisthesumoftotalweightofthecommodityitselfandthetare(thepackageweight).Suitableforcommoditieswithlowpriceorlowfreight,Import&Exportpractices,MethodsofweightCalculation,2.NetWeightBeusedwidelyininternationaltrade,NetWeight=GrossWeight-tareweight,Import&Exportpractices,GROSSFORNET,用于包装与商品价值相差不多马饲料豆，单层麻袋装，每袋100公斤，以毛作净.,有些价值较低的农产品或其他商品，有时也采用“以毛作净”(GrossforNet)的办法计重。即以毛重当作净重计价。,Import&Exportpractices,Thestipulationsofquantityclause,Import&Exportpractices,约量法,溢短装,合同中未明确规定,Import&Exportpractices,1.NOCLAUSEINCONTRACTTofacilitatetheperformanceofcontractandavoiddisputes,thequantityclauseshouldbeclearanddetailed.,Thestipulationsofquantityclause,UCP600规定：除非信用证规定货物的指定数量不得有增减外，在所支付款项不超过信用证金额的条件下，货物数量准许有5%的增减幅度，但以包装单位或个数记数时不适用。,Import&Exportpractices,2.ApproximateorAbout,Inaddition,itisimpropertousethoseuncertainwordslikeabout、circa、approximatetodefinethequantity.,Thestipulationsofquantityclause,Import&Exportpractices,若成交数量前使用“大约”、“近似”等字眼，根据跟单信用证统一惯例（以下简称UCP600）的规定，这个约数可解释为交货数量有不超过10%的增减幅度。,Thestipulationsofquantityclause,Import&Exportpractices,3.moreorlessclause,Tostipulatethequantitylatitude:Itmeansthatthesellermaydeliverthegoodswithacertainpercentagemoreorlessinquantity.,Thestipulationsofquantityclause,Import&Exportpractices,3.moreorlessclause,例如:1000码,卖方可溢装或短装5%,Thestipulationsofquantityclause,Import&Exportpractices,案例分析1：,1.我某公司出口布匹以信用证结算，买方银行来证规定，数量大约为5000码，每码1美元，但金额注明为不超过总额5000美元，则我某公司如何掌握装运数量？,Import&Exportpractices,案例分析2：,黑龙江某贸易出口公司与俄罗斯某公司成交一笔黄豆出口交易。合同的数量条款规定：每袋黄豆净重100公斤，共1000袋，合计100吨，但货物运抵俄罗斯后，经俄罗斯海关检查，每袋黄豆净重只有96公斤，1000袋共96吨，当时正遇市场黄豆价格下跌，俄罗斯公司以单货不符为由，提出降价5%的要求，否则拒收。请问：俄方的要求是否合理？我方应采取什么补救措施？另问：若该例黄豆不是用袋装而是散装，则结果又如何？,Import&Exportpractices,案例3数量伸缩与信用证结算,某外贸公司对中东某国家出口电风扇1000台。国外开来信用证规定不允许分运。但到出口装船才发现有40台的包装破裂，有的风罩变形，有的开关脱裂。临时更换已来不及。为了保证出口产品质量，发货人认为，根据跟单信用证统一惯例的规定，即使不准分运，在数量上也允许有5%的伸缩。如少装这40台并未超过5%。实际装船960只，当持单到银行议付时，遭到银行拒绝。,Import&Exportpractices,(二)机动幅度的选择权,一般是由卖方行使多交或少交的选择权。也可由买方行使。如果涉及到运输，则由船方决定