中国功夫(英文分享版).ppt

ChineseMartialArts,KungFu,TheOriginofkungfu,TheearliestreferencestoChinesemartialartsarefoundintheSpringandAutumnAnnals春秋时期(5thcenturyBCE),whereahandtohandcombattheory,includingtheintegrationofnotionsof“hard”andsoft”techniques,ismentioned.Acombatwrestling摔跤systemcalledjulorjiol(角力)ismentionedintheClassicofRites(1stcenturyBCE).Thiscombatsystemincludedtechniquessuchasstrikes,throws,jointmanipulation,andpressurepointattacks.JiaoDibecameasportduringtheQinDynasty(221207BCE).TheHanHistoryBibliographies参考文献recordthat,bytheFormerHan(206BCE8CE),therewasadistinctionbetweenno-holds-barred没有任何限制的weaponlessfighting,whichitcallsshub(手搏),forwhichhow-tomanuals手册，指南hadalreadybeenwritten,andsportivewrestling,thenknownasjul(角力).WrestlingisalsodocumentedintheShJ史记,RecordsoftheGrandHistorian,writtenbySimaQian(ca.100BCE).IntheTangDynasty,descriptionsofsworddanceswereimmortalizedinpoemsbyLiBai.ThemodernconceptsofwushuwerefullydevelopedbytheMingandQingdynasties.,TheideasassociatedwithChinesemartialartschangedwiththeevolutionofChinesesocietyandovertimeacquiredsomephilosophicalbases:PassagesintheZhuangzi(庄子),aDaoisttext,pertainto关于；从属于thepsychologyandpracticeofmartialarts.Zhuangzi,itseponymous使得名的author,isbelievedtohavelivedinthe4thcenturyBCE.TheTaoTeChing道德经,oftencreditedto归功于LaoZi,isanotherDaoisttextthatcontainsprinciplesapplicabletomartialarts.AccordingtooneoftheclassictextsofConfucianism,ZhouLi(周禮/周礼),Archery箭术andcharioteeringwerepartofthe“sixarts”(simplifiedChinese:六艺includingrites,music,calligraphy书法andmathematics)oftheZhouDynasty(1122256BCE).TheArtofWar(孫子兵法),writtenduringthe6thcenturyBCEbySunTzu(孫子),dealsdirectlywithmilitarywarfarebutcontainsideasthatareusedintheChinesemartialarts.,Philosophical（哲学）influences,DaoistpractitionershavebeenpracticingTaoYin套印,physicalexercisessimilartoQigongthatwasoneoftheprogenitorstoTaiChiChuan,fromatleastasearlyas500BCE.In3992CE,“SixChaptersofHandFighting”,wereincludedintheHanShu(historyoftheFormerHanDynasty)writtenbyPanKu.Also,thenotedphysician,HuaTuo,composedthe“FiveAnimalsPlay”五禽戏tiger,deer,monkey,bear,andbird,around220BCE.DaoistphilosophyandtheirapproachtohealthandexercisehaveinfluencedtheChinesemartialartstoacertainextent.DirectreferencetoDaoistconceptscanbefoundinsuchstylesastheEightImmortalswhichusesfightingtechniquesthatareattributedtothecharacteristicsofeachimmortal.,ShaolinQuanisoneofChinasmostwell-knowntraditionalstylesofWushu.ItwasnamedfromtheShaolinMonasterymnstri,animportantcenterinthedevelopmentofChinesemartialarts.ThemonasteryissituatedinHenanProvince,thirteenkilometersnorthwestofDengfenCountytownatthewesternfootofMt.Songshan.,ShaolinKungFu,ThenameShaolincomesfromthefactthatthemonasteryisnestledinthewoodsbelowtheshadynorthernslopeofShaoshiPeak少室山.ShaolinMonasterywasbuiltin495underthepatronageof在庇护下EmperorXiaowen(reigned471-500)oftheNorthernWeiDynasty.Historicalmaterialsuggeststhatalmostimmediatelyafteritsfounding,self-defenceorsomeotherformofphysicaltrainingwaspartoflifeinthemonastery.,BytheendoftheSuiDynasty(581-618),theoutstandingcombatskillsoftheShaolinmonksbecamewellknown.Accordingtorecords,thewushupractisedatthemonasteryindifferentperiodswasvariedinstyleandcontent.AmongtheunarmedcombatstyleswerethoseresemblingthefastandagiledailChangQuan.Otherswerepowerful,likeNanQuan,oremphasizedtheuseofwillandmindaswellasbreathinglikeXingyiQuan(Will-MindBoxing)andRouQuan柔拳(SoftBoxing);stillothersimitatedanimalmovementslikeLuohanQuan(ArhatBoxing)andHouQuan(MonkeyBoxing).,Shaolinstaffskillswereespeciallyfamous,althoughalltheeighteenmilitaryweaponswerepractised.Inaddition,manyotherformsofexerciseevolved,suchastheStandingPoleExercise,HardSkills,LightSkillsandQiGong(BreathingExercise).ShaolinQuanisalsoanalternatenamefortraditionalChangQuan.ItreferstoastylewhichspreadthroughoutChinaandisnowregardedasoneofthemajorcomponentsofChangQuan.Itsmainskillsarestriking,kicking,throwingandmanipulating.Itsstylecanbesummedup概括，归纳；总结asfast,hard,agileandsimple.,WhenitcomestoChineseKungfu,youcanneverforgetapersonwhosenameisBruceLee(李小龙）ItishimthatintroducesChines