名词性从句上课用.ppt

名词性从句,宾语从句,Allofusknowit.主语谓语宾语Allofusknowthatwemuststudyhard.主语谓语宾语从句2.Hiswords主语谓语宾语宾语Heaskedmeif/whetherthemovie主语谓语宾语宾语从句starwouldcomeupatthemeeting.,3.Iwanttoknowit.主语谓语宾语Iwanttoknowwhenthemeetingisto主语谓语宾语从句start.一个句子放在动词或介词之后,说明其对象或内容,我们称之为宾语从句.,宾语从句的三大问题:连词/语序/时态1.连词的选择:that-引导陈述句(一个确定的事实)if/whether-引导一般疑问句(一个“是”与“否”的疑问)who/whom/whose/which/whatwhen/where/how/why,-引导特殊疑问句,连接代词,连接副词,用that,还是用if/whether?当谓语动词表确信时,用that引导宾语从句;当谓语动词含疑问或怀疑时,用if/whether引导宾语从句.Idoubt_hecanspeakEnglish.Idontdoubt_hecanspeakEnglish.Imnotsure_thenewsistrue.Imsure_thenewsistrue.,if/whether,if/whether,that,that,选择正确的连词1.Doyouknow_heiswaitingfor?A.thatB.ifC.whoD.how2.Ididntknow_hewaslateforclass.A.whereB.whatC.whoD.why,C,D,3.Ithink_hewillcomebackinaweek.A.whenB.thatC.whoD.what4.WeiFangaskedme_IlikedEnglish.A.ifB.whatC.whoD.that,B,A,2.语序:陈述语序主语在前,谓语在后;又或者说名词/代词在前,动词在后.3.时态:由主句时态决定从句时态,宾语从句时态,主句时态,现在时,从句需要的任何时态,过去时,相应的过去某种时态(客观真理用一般现在时),选择正确的语序.Couldyoutellmewhat_?A.doesyourmotherdoB.yourmotherdoes2.Pleasetellme_yesterday.A.whyhedidntcomeB.whydidnthecome,B,A,3.Nobodyknows_.A.ifwillrainitlaterB.ifitwillrainlater4.Canyoutellme_?A.whosebagthisisB.whosebagisthis,B,A,1.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherFrench.,2.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?Theyrenotsureif/whetherCanadainsummer.,heknows,theywill,goto,3.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhen_thelibrary.,4.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhat_buy.,5.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewho_meet?,hewillgoto,hewantsto,wearegoingto,用正确的时态完成下列句子:1.Hesayshe_tothezoolastweek.(go)2.Doyouknowwherehe_?(work)3.Hetoldmehe_English.(like)4.Ithoughthe_backtomorrow.(come),went,works,liked,wouldcome,综合训练一:单项选择1.Idontknow_wewillgo.A.whetherB.whatC.whereD.that2.IdidntknowwhetherMr.Smith_yet.A.hasreturnedB.hasreturnedC.hadreturnedD.returned,C,C,3.Theteachertoldusthattheearth_aroundthesun.A.movedB.movesC.moveD.moving4.Couldyoutellme_?A.ifhewouldcometomorrowB.willhecometomorrowC.whetherhewillcometomorrowD.Ifhecomestomorrow,B,C,综合训练二:改错1.IdontknowwherehelivedinBeijinglastyear.2.Wewonderhowweshoulddonext.3.Hesaysthathebuysabookyesterday.,if/whether,what,bought,4.Hetoldmethathewillcomebacktomorrow.5.Iwanttoknowwhataretheydoing.6.DoyouknowhowlonghashestudiedEnglish?,would,theyare,hehas,宾语从句的几个特殊情况:1.否定前移Idontthinkyoureright.我认为你不对.Idontbelievehewillleaveus.我相信他不会离开我们.需要用否定前移的句型有：Ithink/believe/suppose/expect,.宾语从句中用虚拟语气Hesuggestedthatweshouldputoffthebasketballmatch.他建议我们推迟篮球赛Iinsisteveryoneshouldobeytherule.我坚决主张人人都应遵守这条规则IwishIcouldfly.我希望我能飞翔.注意：suggest建议;表明insist坚决主张;坚决认为,3.if与whether的区别如果宾语从句中出现ornot或to+动原时,只能用whether.Wedontknowwhethertohelphimornot.我们不知道是否该帮助他.介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导.Heworriedaboutwhetheritwouldbefine.他担心天气是否会晴.,用if或whether填空:1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,4.it常可以放在动词think,make,find,feel,consider,believe等后作为形式宾语,此时引导宾从that的不可省略.Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我们当时听说她下个月将要结婚了.DoyouconsideritnecessarythatIsayitagain?你认为我有必要再重复一次吗?,5.宾语从句不能省略的几种情况:（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.大家都知道发生了什么事,并且也都知道她很着急.,（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.原因在于她比其他所有人工作都要更努力.（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.我认为你们很必要大声朗读英语.,6.注意if/when引导的是哪一类从句Doyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome,C,Idontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?,willcome,comes,表语从句,Herwishisclear.主系表Herwishisthatshecouldloseweightsoon.主系表从2.Thequestionispuzzling.主系表Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.主系表从,3.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.主系表从4.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.主系表从5.Thatiswhythebrotherswantedtomake主系表从abet.位于连系动词之后充当表语的句子叫作表语从句.,回顾:连系动词与状态有关的动词叫作连系动词.1.处于某种状态:be,stay,remain,keep,2.感知到某种状态:look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,feel3.由一种状态转化成另一种状态:get,become,turn,grow,go,fall,表语从句的三大问题:连词/语序/时态1.连词的选择:that-引导陈述句(一个确定的事实)asif/asthough/whether-引导一个真假莫辨的不确定的陈述who/whom/whose/which/whatwhen/where/how/why/because,-引导特殊疑问句,连接代词,连接副词,注意:(1)连词that引导表语从句通常不可以省略。(2)if不能引导表语从句;（asif可以）在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。,1.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why2.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that,C,B,3.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AbecauseBwhyCwhatDwhereIts/Thatsbecause+原因Its/Thatswhy+结果,B,Iwasillyesterday.(原因)ThatswhyIwasabsentfromschool.(结果)Iwasabsentfromschool.(结果)ThatsbecauseIwasillyesterday.(原因)4.Thereason_Iwasabsentfromschoolis_Iwasillyesterday.Awhy,becauseBthat,becauseCwhy,thatDthat,that,C,reason作主语时，后面的表语从句要用that引导，不能用because。ThereasonwhyisthatThereasonforisthat,2.语序:陈述语序主语在前,谓语在后;又或者说名词/代词在前,动词在后.3.时态:表语从句时态不受主句时态的限制。,改错1.Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.2.Itlookedasifheunderstoodthequestion.Butactually,hedidnt.3.Thequestionisifyoucansticktoyourplan.,hecan,hadunderstood,whether,使用表语从句要注意的几个问题:1.引导词的选用：Thats/Itswhy+结果Thats/Itsbecause+原因Thereasonwhyisthat,2.表语从句中用虚拟语气的情况:在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。这一类名词常见的有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea等。,改错1.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehedidntcatchtheearlybus.2.Themostimportantthingisthatamandoesbutnotthathesays.3.Isthisthatyouarelookingfor?,that,what,what,what,4.Theorderwasthatallthegirlstudentshadtheirlonghaircut.2.Themostimportantthingisthatamandoesbutnotthathesays.3.Isthisthatyouarelookingfor?,shouldhave,what,what,what,1.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited,A,2.Airtousis_wateristofishA.isthatB.whatC.whichD.that3.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued,B,B,4.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that5.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether,B,C,6.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where7.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,D,A,8.Energyis_makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that,A,名词性从句byWillSmiles,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句.分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句的功能,功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类,引导名词性从句的连接词,可分为三类：1.连接代词that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分）,引导名词性从句的连接词,2.连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。3.连接副词：when,where,how,why,引导主语从句不可省略的连词：,介词后的连词引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。,同位语从句,在一个更长的句子中作同位语使用的句子叫同位语从句。同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如：Thefactthatsheisillshouldbeconsidered.,同位语从句一般在下列词的后面,belief,fact,fear,hope,idea,news,problem,reason,result,possibility等。如：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.,不同连词引导的同位语从句,引导同位语从句的连词除that外，还可以用how,when,where,why,等。Hecantanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.,不同连词引导的同位语从句,Ishouldliketoknowthereasonwhyyouchangedtheplan.Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.,主语从句,在另外一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句。Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious,主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首,因而我们常见到这种句式：It+be+n./adj/-ed从句（that,whether,etc.)例：Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.ItisgreatthatIhaveateacherlikeyou.,whether与if均为“是否”,但下列情况下只用whether：1.whether引导主语从句并在句首Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.2.引导表语从句,Thequestioniswhetherhellcome.,3.whether从句作介词宾语Imnotsureaboutwhetherwellwin.4.从句后有ornotWhetheryoulikeitornot,youllhavetodoit.,表语从句,在另外一个句子中作表语的句子叫表语从名。Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.,宾语从句,在另一个句子中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.,宾语从句,NowIwanttoknowwhatIcando.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday,名词性从句,主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句,名词性从句动画讲解,NounClause,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句.,名词性从句,名词性从句,（一）引导名词性从句的连接词,1、连接代词：_.有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：_.有词义，在从句中作状语。3、连接词：_.that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),asif虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。,who,whose,whom,what,which,when,where,why,how,that,whether,if,asif,（二）主语从句,1、主语从句在复合句作主语。Whowillgoisnotimportant.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。Itdoesntmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.,（三）表语从句,1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.2、引导表语从句的连接词that在口语中有时可省去。Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.,（四）宾语从句,1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。Ihope(that)everythingisallright.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthework.Iminterestedinwhatyouvesaid.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。,用if会引起误解，就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。Idontknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.Idontknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydontknowwhethertogothere.,（五）同位语从句,同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise,problem,hope等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容.引导同位语从句的连词除that外，还可以用how,when,where,why等Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.,名词性从句重难点归纳分析,1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。Thathestoleabikewastrue.Theimportantthingiswhatyoudo,butnotwhatyousay.,2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.,3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.,陈述句的语序,4、引导主语从句的that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把真正主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?,5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.,6、与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should动词原形”或省去should。Sheinsistedthatshenotbesenttothecountryside.如果suggest作“表明、暗示”，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”,则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.,9、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。IcouldsaynothingbutthatIwasangry.我无话可说，只是感到生气。,10、引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。Hesaid(that)thetextwasverydifficultandthatwehadtoworkhardatit.,11、当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，成为否定的转移。Wedontbelievethathewillwinthegame.,not,12、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.,宾语补足语,13、doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。besure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。Wedoubtwhether/ifhecanwinthegame.Wedontdoubtthathecanwinthegame.,Wearesure,14、连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyonewho,anythingthat等。(他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwho/what/which.)Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.,Anyonewho,Justhaveago.Canyouchoosethebestanswertoeachsentencefrom06NMET?,1.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_hewasamanofaction.(2006湖南)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether2.Wehaventsettledthequestionof_itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.（2006江苏）A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that3._makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.（2006辽宁）A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever,B,C,A,4.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_wedidthismorning.（2006全国I）A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what5.Pleaseremindme_hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.（2006全国I）A.whereB.whenC.howD.what6.-Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?-Theyalwaysletmedo_IthinkIshould.（2006全国III）A.whenB.thatC.howD.what7.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.(2006上海）A.howB.whyC.thatD.when,D,B,D,C,CanyoudistinguishTHAT-CLAUSEinthetwosentences?,1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,同位语,宾语,1._thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder_youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what3.Thisis_hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth_theearth_aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Practice,Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldntseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidntaskforthemansnameisapity.,PredictiveClause(表语从句),ObjectClause(宾语从句),SubjectClause(主语从句),AppositiveClause同位语从句,Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem,1Thathewillsucceediscertain.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3Whathesaidisnottrue.4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.7Whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,SubjectClause,主语从句,“It”isusedasemptysubject,形式主语,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheyllstarttheproject.,Itslikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itssaid/reportedthat据说/据报道Itseems/appears/happensthat显然、明显、碰巧.Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat已经通知/宣布Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知）/acommonsaying（俗话说）that,在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句,宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses,2.宾语从句,that,whether，if（that常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow,连词,当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.IdontknowwhetherIwillstayornot介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,注意,1.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,表语从句,连接词,when/where/why/how/because,that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句),连接代词：,who/whom/whose/which/what,连接副词,同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(视察)them.,3)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,同位语从句,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,DotheExerciseonpage9,UsefulPhrases,reducepainascientificstudybreathinsniffpleasantsmelltakethepainberelatedtobelinkedto,减少疼痛一次科学研究吸进闻香味忍受疼痛与相关与相联系,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,Idontdoubt（that）youwillsucceed.Idontknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.,3个句子中的连词that,whether,if（是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词注意：A.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if仅可以用于宾语从句。,引导名词从句的关联词。,连接词,一、名词性从句的语序,（1）名词性从句构成有两种,a.That+陈述句,Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.,Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.,名词性从句考点归纳,b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分,(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?(),二、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）that和what的选用,that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that/what,1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis_wewonthegame.4.Thisis_wewanttoknow.5.Is_hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.gwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,if和whether的选用,不能使用if的情况：,1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whethe