博泽电机-散热扇设计基础.ppt

车用冷却风扇基础夏斐2010,Content,MotorBasic电机基础CFMBasic冷却风扇基础DesignofCFMsystem冷却模块的设计校核TechnictrendofCFM冷却风扇的发展趋势QuestionandAnswer问题讨论,Content,MotorBasic,01.HeadlightRetractorMotor02.WaterPumpMotor03.FrontWindshieldWiperMotor04.RearWindshieldWiperMotor05.WinshieldWasherMotor06.HeadlightWasherPumpMotor07.DoorLockActuatorMotor08.PowerAntennaMotor09.WindowLiftMotor10.SeatMotor11.Door-MirrorMotor,12.TelescopicSteeringMotor13.TiltSteeringMotor14.SunroofMotor15.PowerCurtainMotor16.EngineCoolingMotor17.SeatMotorforSideSupport18.SeatMotorforLumbarSupport19.BlowerMotor20.CondenserCoolingFanMotor21.ServoMotorforAirConditioner22.MotorforIn-Car-Sensor,23.BlowerMotorforAir-Purifier24.HeightAdjustingMotor25.MotorforABS26.SteppingMotorforIdleSpeedControl27.4WDDef-lockMotor28.SteppingMotorforOdometer29.MotorforAutoDriveSystem30.FuelStopMotor,MotorsforAutomotive汽车用电机,直流永磁电动机基本结构,MotorEquation电机基本公式,根据上面简化图，电路平衡公式：U=I*Ra+Eg其中：UVoltage电压ICurrent电流RaResistance.电枢内阻EgCounterEMF反电势,Inputpower输入功率Pin=U*I(Watts)其中U输入电压;I电流由于摩擦阻力,风阻,磁阻和内电阻的损耗I2R,电机的输出功率小于输入功率:Outputpower(shaftpower)输出(轴)功率Ps=2*S/60*T(Watts)其中:Sspeed(rpm);Ttorque(Nm)Efficiency效率=Ps/Pin=2*S/60*T/(U*I),Content,MotorBasicCFMBasic,FunctionofEngineCoolingModule发动机冷却风扇的功用,A/CCondenser,Radiator,ElectricCoolingFanModule,EngineShroud,ViscousDriveEngineDrivenFan,用于发动机的冷却系统和空调系统等的水箱,冷凝器等的风冷散热.,StructureofEngineCoolingModule发动机冷却风扇基本结构,按照电机数量分为:单风扇和双风扇的冷却风扇总成按照装配位置分为:吹风式和吸风式;按照电机调速方式可以分为:串电阻调速,串联调速和PWM控制调速,电子风扇基本特性曲线,静压流量曲线效率曲线空气功率输入功率转速曲线n功率曲线输入功率电流曲线电流消耗,有用的条规律：冷却风扇堵的越利害（风阻大）时，流量越是小，功耗越是大，转速越是低。因此减小一切可能的风阻是设计高效冷却系统必须时刻考虑的要素；风扇的最高效率点在最大流量的0.550.70附近时，可以使保证系统效率最大化；,空气功率的计算：Pf=Q*Ps其中Pf空气风扇功率(Watts)Q空气流量(m3/sec)Ps静压(Pascal),Content,MotorBasicCFMBasicDesignofCFMsystem,散热系统的匹配,发动机功率类型，型式,散热量要求,水箱和电子风扇匹配,电机和风扇匹配,台架试验验证,设计及修正确认,发动机的最大功率Ne发动机散热量系数k汽油机:0.850.95柴油机:0.600.75增压型：系数增加0.10.15,散热量QwQw=k*Ne*0.65,初选水箱参数初选风扇参数功率，流量，风阻几何尺寸等,初选电机参数初选风扇参数功率，流量，风阻几何尺寸等,电机风扇试验冷却模块试验发动机匹配试验,初步设计定型,关于发动机散热量的经验数据可以要求发动机供应商提供,例：估算110KW柴油发动机的冷却风扇模块的主要性能参数,水箱和电子风扇匹配,寻找合适性能的水箱，确定工作点：,提示：不要认为现成的，装的上就行，就是节省！水箱1输出2700立方/小时的风量所需的空气功率为:2700/3600*220=165Wa水箱2所需的功率为2700/3600*150=112.5Wa由此可见水箱1需要的风功率相对水箱2增加了52.5W（47%），折算到冷却风扇电机的输入功率，增加了约175W。估算增加了CO2排放约4g/100Km!,散热系统的匹配,Step2:匹配合适的风扇总成风扇1与风扇2相比，风扇1的最大效率高于风扇2最大工作效率；在工作点的处（150Pa），风扇1的效率约为风扇2效率的一半；选择风扇2是更优的选择。,结论：不能单独的选择风扇总成，在确定水箱与风扇性能要求前必须进行风扇与水箱的匹配，匹配的结果会极大地影响冷却模块的效率。,水箱,风扇的选择,根据数据库中各类风扇的特性，选择满足几何条件的合适的风扇；选择其工作转速，如本例中转速约为2800rpm的单风扇，相应的风机的噪声根据表中数据可以预测为78分贝左右。,风扇和电机的匹配,MotorEfficiency=PsPinFanEfficiency=PfPsOverallEfficiency=PfPin,典型值MotorEfficiency:BrushType55%to75%FanEfficiency:AxialFlow30%to55%OverallEfficiency:FanModule25%to40%,电机调速一：MotorswithResistors,Advantages/Disadvantages(+/-)+TargetSpeedscanbeachieved+EfficientHighSpeed/-InefficientLowSpeed+ProvenWarrantyRecord(InProductionfor16years),电机调速二：PulseWidthModulation(PWM),Advantages/Disadvantages(+/-)+Targetspeed/multiplespeeds+EfficientHighSpeed,ModerateEfficiencyLowSpeed+Canbeaddedtoexistingmotor+Caneliminatemotorrelays-Requirescontrolsignal-Addedcomponent-CostofElectronics-EMCconcerns(duetoswitching),Content,MotorBasicCFMBasicDesignofCFMsystemTechnictrendofCFM,1.PerformanceRequirementsCurrentSpecs(asVDA)prescribea500hsalt-spraytest,morethandoublingthepreviousrequirements.brushcommutationatitslimits(andbeyond!)2.E-carsWater-cooledbatteriesrequireansubstantiallyhigherruntime(morethan15Kh)onlyachievablebyelectroniccommutation3.EconomyGeneraldemandformoreefficientvehicles:BLabout20%moreefficientthanbrushattypicalworkingconditionsfuelsavings,carcomponentsdownsizing4.EnvironmentLessCO2emission,avoidanceofcarbondustpollutionMorestringentEMCrequirements,TrendsintheCFMbusinessArgumentsforBrushlessDrives,EmergingMarketsMicroCars,MatureMarkets(CO2)Small-LuxuryCars,BroseInnovation:IntroductionoftheBrushlessBBL1plus200-400W,BroseModularConcept:OneShroudforallPowerLevelsG5.4/.6+IRBL2.5400-1000W,CFM-ProductSharesForecastWorldwideSharespermotortypein%,ComparisonBrushMotorstoBrushlessMotorsEfficiencyConsiderations,30,40,50,60,70,80,0,1,0,2,0,3,