定语从句 知识点讲解.doc

定语从句知识点讲解一、知识点梳理在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，引导定语从句的引导词分为三类，分别为关系代词、关系副词、介词+关系代词。引导词位于先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在句子中作成分的三重作用。引导词： 关系代词: that：可指人亦可指物；作主语或宾语which：指物；作主语或宾语 who：指人；作主语或宾语 whom：指人；作宾语 whose：可指人亦可指物；作定语 关系副词： when：作时间状语 where：作地点状语why：作原因状语 介词+关系代词:in/of/from/to/with/on/at+ which/ whom二、引导词使用技巧 1.如果从句中缺少成分，在关系代词中选择 2. 如果从句中不缺少成分，在关系副词中选择 1. 找到从句划括号（引导词起，主句的第二个动词止） 2. 根据成分选连词 一看指人还是物 二看介词在何处 三看句中作何用 四看是否属特殊 that/which who/that as/which such as/that三、定语从句四大考点1.限制性与非限制性定语从句2.关系代词与关系副词的选择3.介词+关系代词结构中关系代词的选择(重难点)4.分割式定语从句（先行词与定语从句被用作定语或状语及主语谓语而分开）四、英语五大句式1.主语+谓语 ：谓语为不及物动词，不需加宾语（动作承受者）直接与主语（动作发出者）构成句子。2.主语+谓语+宾语：除主语外的其他成分由及物动词或不及物动词+宾语结构构成，并构成完整句子。3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语：除主语外的其他部分由谓语+双宾语的结构构成。4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补：除主语外的其他部分由谓语+宾语+宾补的结构构成。5.主语+系动词+表语：除主语外的其他部分由系动词+表语的结构构成。在看从句中缺少何种成分时要依据以上五大句式的构成判断，一般缺少的为主语和宾语（宾补），这时要选择关系代词，如不缺少成分，这时要选择关系副词或“介词+关系代词”结构。五、注意事项1.定语从句中无what2.关系代词中which既可指一件事也可以指一件物品3.“介词+关系代词”结构中没有介词加who或that，which和whom在此结构中经常使用。4.从句中谓语动词为不及物动词时，引导词用“介词+关系代词”结构。从句中谓语动词为系动词且句子成分完整时，关系代词前面的介词需与先行词建立联系。5. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。6.that、why不引导非限制性定语从句六、课文中的定语从句1.（1）关系代词作引导词1. A huge crack (that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide) cut across houses,roads and canals.2. The number of people( who were killed or seriously injured )reached more than 400,000.3. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake (which was almost as strong as the first one) shook Tangshan.4.The army organized teams to dig out those (who were trapped) and to bury the dead.5. Workers built shelters for survivors (whose homes hand been destroyed.)6. Here are my neighbours (whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.)7. Next month the city will open a new park to honour those (who died in the terrible disaster.)8. The park will also honour those (who helped the survivors.)9. I remember the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends (who had died. )（2）高考真题： In an hour,we can travel to places_would have taken our ancestors days to reach.(2006上海) A.where B.when C.which D.what Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year.A.who B. where C. when D. which The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.(2011 山东)A.they B. where C. what D. that A person_e-mail account is full wont be able send or receive any e-mails.(2009, 天津) A.who B. whom C. whose D. whoever Is this the reason_at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？(2002, 上海春) A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained2.(1) 关系副词引导词1. The time (when I first met Nelson Mandela )was a very different period of my life. 2. The school (where I studied for only two years) was three kilometres away.3. However, this was a timewhen one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.4. The day (when Nelson Mandela helped me )was one of my happinest .5.until today we have reached a stage (where we have almost no rights at all.)6. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings (when we should have been asleep.)7. Indeed, Hawaii is a place (where people make one big communityfrom many smaller communities.)8. There is a place (where many small things are stored that might fall down.)（2）高考真题： We are living in an age _many things are done on computer. (2003春)A.which B. that C. whose D. when Mozarts birthplace and the house_he composed “The Magic Flute” (魔笛) are both museums now. (2009, 上海)A.where B.when C.there D. which 3.(1)介词+关系代词作引导词1.The USA is a large country (in which many different dialects are spoken.)2. Mandela was the black lawyer (to whom I went for advice.)3.Robben Island was a prison (from which no one escaped.)4. However, his principles are still those (on which modern computers are built.)(2)高考真题： American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk frequently.A.who B. as C. about which D. with whom We went through a period _communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008，上海)A.which B. whose C. in which D. with which She bought with her three friends, none of _I had ever met before.(2009) A.them B. who C. whom D. these4.(1)非限制性定语从句1. But the one million people of the city, (who thought little of these events, )were asleep as usual that night.2. It was felt in Beijing, (which is more than two huandred kilomatres away.)3. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, (all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.)4. He was generous with his time, (for which I was grateful.)(2)高考真题： There are altogether eleven books on the shelf ,_five are mine.(2004, 全国II)A.on which B. in which C. of which D. from which The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. (2008, 全国II) A.it B. what C. which D. that You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _is always busy at the weekend.(2006, 上海) A. that B. where C. what D. which The famous basketball star，_tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002春)A.where B.when C.which D.who Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_they learn simple games and songs. (2007) A.then B.there C.while D.where Ada came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A.this B. that C. what D. which练习：1. Hebegantheresearchandstudies_ledtohis