图表写作(forstudents).ppt

Howtodescribegraphsandcharts,Differentkindsofcharts,Table,注意抓住图表个性(characteristic)。不同类型的图表反映的信息重点不一样：柱状图的描写重点在于比较和对比；曲线图重点在于描述曲线的上升与下降趋势，并对明显的高峰和低谷进行细节描写；饼状图应该依次描写，突出重点，如果有几个饼图，还应作对应的比较；表格信息相对而言不很直观，应在仔细阅读之后发现其特点，找出突出鲜明的信息对比描写。,描述顺序,ParagraphI:（1）描述趋势+细节；ParagraphII:理由+观点ParagraphIII:预测+解决方法,描述顺序,ParagraphI:（1）描述图表：趋势描写；（2）描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。ParagraphII:（1）提出自己理由和观点；（2）细节性分论点（支持自己观点）。ParagraphIII:（1）预测未来和提出解决方法；（2）总结全文和表达作者自己观点。,Practice:Pleasewriteacompositionbasedonthegraphtitled“SmokingIsontheDeclineinCancerCity”.,gradualincreasedramaticfall/sharpdroptobottomoutsteadydropremainsteadysharprisetroughpeak,Verbs:toincrease;torise;tomoveupwards;togoup;toclimb;tosoar;toshootup;topeakNouns:anincrease;arise;anupwardmovement;anupwardtrend;apeak,1.Toindicateupwardmovement,Verbs:todecrease;toreduce;todrop;todecline;togodown;tofall;toreachalowpointNouns:adecrease;afall;adrop;alowpoint,2.Toindicatedownwardmovement,toremainsteady;tostayconstant;toremainstable;toleveloff;tostabilize,3.Toindicatenomovement,4.Toindicateachangeindirection,torecover;tofluctuate,5.Toindicateachangeindegree,7.Toindicatetime,1.表示在某一时间点用“_”.E.g.Thenumberwassmall_thebeginningof1920.,2.表示在两段时间之间用E.g.Therewasariseof9_1920_1930.,3.表示一段时间用“”或“E.g.1940至1950年间涨了10%。1950至1960年间呈下跌趋势。Therewasariseof10%_.Therewasafall_.,at,at,betweenand.,between,and,duringtheperiodand,overtheperiodand.”.,duringtheperiod1940and1950,overtheperiod1950and1960.,8.Toindicateincrease/decrease,1.增加/减少的数值用“_”表示.Riceproduction_(1990年增加了10%)Crudeoilproduction_.(1990年减少了10%),2.增加/减少到的数值用“_”表示.Riceproductionroseby10%_(1990年增长到了5000万吨）Crudeoilproductiondecreasedby10%_(1990年下降到360万桶）.,3.从多少增加或减少到多少用“_”表示.Riceproduction_.(从1989年的500万吨增长到1990年的550万吨）Crudeoilproduction_(从1989年的400万桶减少至1990年的60万桶）,by,rosedby10%in1990.,decreasedby10%in1990.,to,to50milliontonsin1990.,to3,600,000barrelsin1990.,fromto,rosefrom5,000,000tonsin1989to5,500,000tonsin1990.,decreasedfrom4,000,000barrelsin1989to600,000barrelsin1990,9.Toindicatetimes(倍数),1.倍数的增加用“_”或“_”表示,_也可以省略.E.g._生产量从1990年以来增长了5倍。E.g._生产量从1990年以来增长了500%。,（by)times,(by)percent,Theproductioncapacityhasincrease(by)fivetimessince1990.,Theproductioncapacityhasincreased(by)500percentsince1990.,by,9.Toindicatetimes(倍数),1.倍数的增加用“_”或“_”表示,_也可以省略.E.g._生产量从1990年以来增长了5倍。E.g._生产量从1990年以来增长了500%。,（by)times,(by)percent,Theproductioncapacityhasincrease(by)fivetimessince1990.,Theproductioncapacityhasincreased(by)500percentsince1990.,by,2.倍数的比较:“是的n倍”用_表示；“比大n倍”用_1995年的产量是1990年的5倍。1995年的产量比1990年大5倍。,timesasmuchas.”,timesgreaterthan.”.,Theproductioncapacityin1995wasfivetimesasmuchasthatof1990.,Theproductioncapacityin1995wasfivetimesgreaterthanthatin1990.,Tryyourhand-1,StepOneThefollowinggraphshowssalestrendsofacompanybetween1994and2000.lookatthegraphcarefullyandanswerthequestionsbelow.Usethewordsandexpressionsinboldtohelpyou.,Salesin$Million,Questions:,1)Inwhichyeardidclothingsalesandtoysalesremainapproximatelythesame?2)Duringwhichperioddidclothingsalesrisesteadily?3)Duringwhichperioddidtoysalesdecreasesignificantly?4)Duringwhichperiodwasthereaslightincreaseintoysales?5)Duringwhichperiodwasthereadramaticriseintoysales?6)Inwhichyeardidclothingsalesreachapeak?7)Inwhichyeardidtoysaleshitthelowestpointovertheseven-yearperiod?8)Duringwhichperioddidtoysalesremainconstant?9)Duringwhichtwoperiodswasthereasharpdropinclothingsales?10)Inwhichyearwastherethebiggestdifferencebetweenclothingsalesandtoysales?,Questions:,1)Inwhichyeardidclothingsalesandtoysalesremainapproximatelythesame?2)Duringwhichperioddidclothingsalesrisesteadily?3)Duringwhichperioddidtoysalesdecreasesignificantly?4)Duringwhichperiodwasthereaslightincreaseintoysales?5)Duringwhichperiodwasthereadramaticriseintoysales?,In1997.,1997-2000.,1994-1995.,1998-1999.,1995-1996.,6)Inwhichyeardidclothingsalesreachapeak?7)Inwhichyeardidtoysaleshitthelowestpointovertheseven-yearperiod?8)Duringwhichperioddidtoysalesremainconstant?9)Duringwhichtwoperiodswasthereasharpdropinclothingsales?10)Inwhichyearwastherethebiggestdifferencebetweenclothingsalesandtoysales?,In2000.,In1995.,1996-1997.,1994-1995and1996-1997.,In1994.,Tryyourhands2,Describetrendsingraphs,Trytodescribethefollowinggraphinyourownwords.Thenmatchthefollowinggraphswiththecorrespondingdescriptions.,a)Productionfellconsiderablyoverthefirstthreequarters,reachingalowof20.Sincethenithasstagedapartialrecovery.b)Productionhasfluctuatedallyear.c)Productionstartedclimbingsteadilybutremainedatalevelofaround70.Sincethen,ithasfallensteadily.d)Productiongrewmoreandmorerapidlyoverthefirstthreequartersbutthenreachedapeak.Sincethen,ithasquicklydropped.e)Productionincreasedslightlyatfirst,butthensufferedasharpdropinthelasttwoquarters.f)Productiongrewrapidlyinthefirstquarter,butreachedaplateauofabout70.Sincethenithasremainedmoreorlessstable.,1,3,2,5,4,6,c,d,f,a,e,b,Tryyourhand-3,Step2Workinpairs:Graph1belowshowsacompanyssalestoSouthAsiaoveraone-yearperiod.Describeittoyourpartner,whoshoulddrawitonGraph1.2)ListentoyourpartnersdescriptionofGraph2anddrawitonGraph2.3)Comparethegraphsyouandyourpartnerdrewwiththeoriginalones.,SalestosouthAsia($Million),Student:Graph1,Exports($Million),StudentA:Graph,SalestosouthAsia($Million),Graph1,Graph1,ThegraphshowsthefluctuationinacompanyssalestoSouthAsiaoveraperiodoftwelvemonths.Accordingtothegraph,salestoSouthAsiaincreasedsteadilyfrom7milliondollarsinJanuaryto10milliondollarsinMay.Afterthis,salesfelldramatically,hittingthelowestpointinJuneat6milliondollars.TherewasthenaslightincreaseinJuly.BetweenJulyandSeptembersalesstayedconstantatalittleover6milliondollars.TherewasthenasharprisebetweenSeptemberandNovemberwitha