大学英语综合教程课件unit.ppt

UnitFive,TheRealTruthaboutLiesRandyFitzgerald,Pre-readingQuestions:放映lietome第一集,Canwesurvivewithoutlying?Whyorwhynot?Haveyouevertoldalie?Couldyoutellusaliewhichyouhavetold?Onwhatoccasionwouldpeopletellawhitelie?WhatsthefunctionofawhitelieWhatisthedistinctionbetweenawhitelieandaharmfullie?Whatarethepossibleeffectsoftheso-calledwhitelies?Isthereanydifferencebetweenwhiteliesmadebywomenandonesmadebymen?,志愿参军，作为志愿者（for）Hevolunteeredforguardduty.他自告奋勇去站岗。主动说出Hevolunteeredastatementtothepolice.“Itsnotmycar,itsmyfathers,”shevolunteered.,volunteer,v.自愿去做，主动请求去做Weallvolunteeredtopaintthehouse.Anumberofuniversitystudentshavevolunteeredtodrivebuseswhilethestrikelasts.Thedoctorwhohadvolunteeredtosettledowninthepoorvillagebecamethechieffableofthevillagers.,n.志愿者Wewantsomevolunteerstohelppaintthehouse.a.由志愿者组成的，或志愿者做的Hesaidhisbrotherswereallvolunteerfirefighters.Inthissummerhewantstobeavolunteertutoring.,WordsandExpressions,Profess:声称；自称，伪称，妄称SYNONYM同义词:allege,claim,makeout,pretend,purporthehadprofessedhisloveforheronlytowalkawaywithoutabackwardglance.他自称爱她，却也不回头看一眼就走掉Idontprofesstobeanexpert.我不敢妄称自己是个专家。Heprofessedhimselfamazedattheboysability.他承认自己对那男孩的能力感到吃惊。,宣称信仰，表示忠于被接受入教,apeopleprofessingChristianity.宣称信仰基督教的民族。SheenteredStMargaretsConvent,andwasprofessedin1943.她进了圣马格丽特修道院，并于1943年宣誓加修会。,旧或幽默)以教授身份教（某科目）；传授,aprofessorwhatdoesheprofess?.professchemistry,Shatter:使）粉碎；砸碎,Bulletsriddledthebartop,glassesshattered,bottlesexploded.子弹把酒吧柜台打得满是窟窿，杯子粉碎，瓶子爆裂。Thewindowwasshatteredbyastone.窗子被一块石头砸碎。,破坏，毁坏（抽象物）,Thecrisiswillshattertheirconfidence.危机会动摇他们的信心。shattersb.sfonddream打破某人的迷梦aneventthatcompletelyshatteredherlife彻底毁了她一生的事情,使心烦意乱，使震惊,Everyonewasshatteredbythenews.听到这个消息，大家都十分震惊。Hefounditashatteringexperience.他觉得那是一次令他极为震惊的经历。Wewereshatteredtohearofhersuddendeath.听到她突然死亡的消息我们十分震惊。,(非正式)使精疲力竭,Iusuallyfeeltooshatteredtodomorethancrawlintobed.我通常疲惫得只有力气爬上床睡觉。,supportive支持的,拥护的;赞助的,Wearetotallysupportiveofthisidea.我们完全支持这个想法。Thestaffareextremelysupportiveofeachother.stronglysupportiveofthegovernmentsapproach强烈支持政府的措施,Feign-feigned假装,伪装,Sheknewthathereffortstofeigncheerfulnesswerentconvincing.她明白自己强作欢颜是瞒不了谁的。Shefeignednervousness.她故作紧张。冒充Hefeignedauthorshipofanovel.模仿,为了欺骗而模仿Heisgoodatfeigninghisteachersvoice.捏造Shelikedtofeignanexcuse.虚构Thewriterfeignsmanyamyth.,Spare,Adj.多余的Fewpeoplehadsparecashforinessentials.暂时空闲的aspareseat.瘦削的spare,beardedfigure.简洁Herclothesaresmartandspareinstyle.,Verb.,把（某人手头上充裕的东西）让给；借给SheaskedifIcouldspareherabobortwo.抽出时间Imsureyoucansparemeamoment.使不受伤害Therewasnowaythemenwouldspareher.,使免遭；解除Thecountryhaduntilnowbeensparedtheviolenceoccurringelsewhere.,常用词组,sparesomeonesblushes不以过分的话使某人难为情sparenoexpense不惜任何代价sparetherodandspoilthechild孩子不打不成器spareathoughtfor记得spareathoughtforourvolunteergroupatChristmas.圣诞节别忘了我们的志愿者组织。,sparesb.sfeelings不使某人难过难堪Sheneversparesthebutterwhenbaking.Pleasesparemeyouropinions,justtellmethefacts.Hedoesnotsparehimself.他对自已要求很严。Hedidtheworktospareyouthetrouble.,Deception,fraud,trickery,deceit,deception指“任何形式的欺骗”,也指“一种行动,它给人一错误的观念,但并不一定有欺诈的目的”fraud指“精心策划,以骗取某人的财物、权利等”,trickery小骗术，花招，伎俩deceit谎言，欺诈行为,preoccupation使人全神贯注的事物；使人入神的事物,Theirmainpreoccupationwashowtofeedtheirfamilies.Healwaystakeshispreoccupationwiththeeducationalcause.hisgrowingpreoccupationwithdeath,Prevarication-prevaricate-prevaricator,speakoractinanevasiveway支吾，搪塞，推诿，含糊其辞Heseemedtoprevaricatewhenjournalistsaskedpointedquestions.,institute,n.学院，教育机构，特别是为了创收技术科目而设立的HegraduatedfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.组织，学会Heisthepresidentofthecancerresearchinstitute.学院所在的建筑SomeinstitutesofWuhanUniversityareveryold.讲习班，短训班Nowmanychildrenattendsummerinstitute.,习惯用语农业信用机关agriculturalcreditinstitute航空学院aviationinstitute函授学院correspondenceinstitute戏剧学院dramainstitute工学院engineeringinstitute海运学院mercantilemarineinstitute矿业学院mininginstitute石油学院petroleuminstitute体育学院physicalcultureinstitute,institution,制度，习俗Hestudiedtheinstitutionsofmarriageandthefamily.Theeconomicinstitutionofthiscountryisveryspecial.与某一指定地方位置或作用有长期关系的人Thatoldmanintheparkisaregularinstitution.机构，一个已成立的组织或基金，特别是指为教育，公共服务或文化的目的而设立的Weshoulddevelopgreatlyacademicinstitution收容所，养老院Icouldneverputmymotherintoaninstitution.,ethics,Accountingethics会计道德Businessethics商业道德Economicethics经济伦理Legalethics法的伦理学Medicalethics医学伦理学，医德Professionalethics职业道德a.ethical伦理的，合乎道德的,Admitvt.,承认，确认是真实的Sheadmittedstealingthebicycle.ImustadmititsmoredifficultthanIhadthoughtitwouldbe.Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.准许入场AticketthatadmitsthewholegroupHewasadmittedtohospitalsufferingfromburns.许可，允许行使的权利Hewasadmittedtothebarassociation.Therulesandregulationadmitofnootherexplanation.Thecinemaadmitsabout2000people.,Admitof容许有，有可能;容有的余地Admitsb.to(into)接纳某人进入；吸收某人参加Beadmittedtobail准许保释Beadmittedtothebar取得律师资格Admittingthat虽说，即使,Admitacknowledgeconfess,Admit通常指因外界压力良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性。含“不情愿”之意Iadmitthatsheisright.Acknowledge指“公开承认”，常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事Withsomuchevidenceagainsthim,hehadtoacknowledgehiserror.Confess着重承认自己的过错或罪恶，有忏悔坦白之意Hehasconfessedhiscrime.,Specializein,专攻，专门研究Thatdoctorspecializesinchildrensillness.Thistravelfirmspecializesincharterflights.(包机业务),Spin:,使旋转Shegotupandspunalittleturn.Therearwheelsspunviolently.Thefigureswereenoughtomakeherheadspin.,杜撰,Theexplorerspunmanyfantastictalesabouthisadventuresintheprimevalforests.Hisgrandmotherspunhimayarnatthefire.,常用词组,spinsomethingout尽可能地拖长的时间,消磨，打发（时间）Theyseemkeentospinoutthedebatethroughtheirspeechesandinterventions.ShaneandMaryplayedgamestospinouttheafternoon.,fib-fibber(习惯撒小谎的人）,小谎,无关紧要的谎话“Itoldafibaboutmyage,”littleTomsaid.Whydidyoutellhimsuchadreadfulfib?.,Intenseintensivea.,Intense强烈的Theintensesunoftropicsisunendurable.Intensive强烈的密集的Manystudentsdontlikeintensivetraining.两个词意思上有相当程度的交叉。当用来描述人的感情或活动时，intense通常指由内在倾向而来的力量或专心，它特别适于用来描写感情状态。,Invariablyad.,总是ItinvariablyrainswhenIgothere.InvariablyImbehindyou.,Blurt脱口说出，冲口说出,Shewouldntblurtoutwordsshedidnotmean.Itwasntmyidea,Gordonblurted.Heblurtedoutthetruth,thathecommittedthecrime.,Suspectdoubtvt.,Suspect猜想为真Isuspecttheyareverydisappointed.Thepolicesuspectherofmurder.Doubt对拿不准，对怀疑，不相信Afewpeoplebegantodoubtsomeaccepteddoctrines.Idoubtthattheyllarriveontime.Hedoubtspoliticianswhentheymakesweepingstatements.(含糊不清的声明),Compliment,n.恭维；赞美问候；（尤指通过信表示的）致意Shepaidmeanenormouscompliment.mycomplimentsonyourcookingCarrymycomplimentstoyourkinsmen.Yourpresenceisagreatcompliment.Asincerecomplimentboostsonesmorale.由衷的称赞可鼓舞一个人的精神。,v.祝贺；恭维，赞美向赠送（某物）以示礼貌,HecomplimentedEplimentingtheotherteamsgoodplay.PrinceGeorgeexpectedtobecomplimentedwithaseatintheroyalcoach.乔治王子期望在皇家马车中获得一个座位的礼遇。,常用词组,complimentsoftheseason谨致节日的祝贺（用作圣诞、新年时的贺词）payonescompliments问候，致意withsomeonescompliments敬赠，免费赠送（用于表示所给之物系赠品）Alldrinkswillbesuppliedwithourcompliments.所有饮料将由我们免费供应。Afreesampleisenclosedwiththecomplimentsofthemanufacturer.内附厂方敬赠的免费样品。,complement,补足物，补足整体所需要的量或数字Theseshelvesarefullofcomplementofbooks.(这些是装满补充)补语vt.ServeasacomplementtoRosesinasilverbowlcomplementthehandsomecherrytable.,Lubricate-lubricant润滑剂-（用作）润滑的；减少磨擦的lubricated喝醉了的,vt.加油润滑Gearmustbeproperlylubricated(喻)使（进程）顺畅，促进Theavailabilityofcreditlubricatedthechannelsoftrade.喻)灌酒；以酒为增兴Menlubricatedwithalcoholspeaktheirtruefeelings.,tangle,Verb纠结Thebroomsomehowgottangledupinmylongskirt.(非正式)和发生冲突，和发生纠纷theyusuallycomeacropperwhentheytanglewiththeheavymobs.他们和大群流氓打架的时候常常以惨败告终。,Noun缠结混乱的局面atangleofgoldenhairWeemployedalawyertostraightenourlegaltangle.我们雇了一位律师把法律纠纷理出头绪。traffictanglesHismindwasinatangle.,slippery,（表面，物体）滑的；致使打滑的slipperyice.Herhandwasslipperywithsweat.(人）油滑的，不老实的；靠不住的Martinsaslipperycustomer（词语，概念）含糊的；难以捉摸的Thewordintendedisadecidedlyslipperyone.,slipperyslope,anideaorcourseofactionwhichwillleadtosomethingunacceptable,wrong,ordisastrous会导致错误（或灾难）或会遭拒的）观点（或行为）heisontheslipperyslopetowardsalifeofcrime.他正在滑向罪恶人生。,wear,beingeneralwear(服装等)时髦的;流行的;时兴的Betterwearoutthanrustout.与其锈掉不如用坏;与其闲死,不如忙死wearandtear耗损,磨损;折磨wearaway磨损,(时间)消逝,weardown磨损,使衰弱,疲惫不堪wearoff磨损灭;损耗;逐渐消失wearon(时间)慢慢过去(以同样方式)继续下去使恼火,使烦躁不安。,coarsen,使）变粗糙Herhandswerecoarsenedbyoutsidework.Hisfacialfeaturesappearedtocoarsenwithage.使）变粗鲁；（使）变粗俗；（使）变讨厌Thevoicecoarsened.,perception,感知能力；认识能力thenormallimitstohumanperception.感知，感觉；察觉theperceptionofpain.观念，认识；看法，印象HollywoodsperceptionofthetastesoftheAmericanpublicweneedtochallengemanypopularperceptionsofoldage.我们需要质疑许多对老年人的普遍看法。,warp,尤指因为热或潮湿）（使）弯曲；（使）变形Woodhasatendencytowarp.使不正常；使有偏见Yourjudgmenthasbeenwarpedbyyourobviousdislikeofhim.,Noun变形；扭曲theheadoftherackethadacuriouswarp.喻)（性格）乖戾（小说中或假想的空间旅行）靠扭曲时空实现的，穿越时空的thecraftpossessedwarpdrive.这艘飞船具有扭曲飞行的功能。,Thinkhighly/well/little/poorlyetc.of,Tohaveagood/badopinionofsomeoneorsomething,Coverup,TopreventfrombeingnoticedorbecomingpubliclyknownHetriedtocoveruphisnervousness.Thenewspapersprintedthestorybeforethegovernmentcouldcoveritup.,proliferate-proliferative-proliferation,激增;(迅速)繁殖;增生Rabbitsproliferatewhentheyhaveplentyoffood.TheMediterraneanfacesanecologicaldisasteriftheseaweedcontinuestoproliferateatitspresentrate.扩散Influenzaproliferatedthroughoutthecountry.,falter,开始减弱；开始失去势头Hersmilefalteredandthenfaded.hisfalteringcareer他渐入低谷的事业。吞吞吐吐地说；声音颤抖地说A-Adam?hefaltered.蹒跚，踉跄；行动畏缩Hefalteredandfinallystoppedinmidstride.,Atallcosts,WhateverthecostWemustavoidwaratallcosts.,toothfairy,afairysaidtoleaveagift,esp.acoin,underachildspillowinexchangeforababytooththathasfallenoutandbeenputunderthepillow.,Setup,建立,创立,竖立Plentyofforeignfirmshavesetupfactorieshere.很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。Amonumentwassetupasamemorialtothedeadsoldiers.为阵亡将士立了一个纪念碑。准备;安排WillyousetupthedrinkswhileIlookafterthepartyfood?你准备饮料,我来料理宴会食品好吗?AllthearrangementshavebeensetupforthenewspapermentomeettheQueen.新闻记者谒见女王的所有安排已经就绪。引起,产生Thecrowdsetupashoutasthewinnernearedthepost.优胜者接近终点时,人群中发出一片喊叫声。,undermine,在某物下挖洞或挖通道;侵蚀的基础Riversunderminetheirbanks.Thehouseisunsafesincethefoundationswereunderminedbyfloods.暗中破坏;逐渐削弱Manyseverecoldsunderminedtheoldmanshealth.ThePresidentsenemiesarespreadingrumourstounderminehisauthority.,ruleofthumb,abroadlyaccurateguideorprinciple,basedonexperienceorpracticeratherthantheory经验法则，凭经验或实践得来的法则,confound,尤指因不符合期望而）使惊讶；使困惑，使糊涂，使不知所措Theinflationfigureconfoundedeconomicanalysts.证明（理论，期望，预言）错误；驳倒Theriseinpricesconfoundedexpectations.击败，挫败（计划，目标，希望）Wewillconfoundthesetacticsbythepressuregroups.,TextB,Benefit:forthebenefitof为了.的好处givesb.thebenefitofonesexperience用自己的经验知识帮助某人reapthebenefitofsth.因某事得到好处,dilemma,beinadilemma左右为难beonthehornsofadilemma左右为难placesb.inadilemma使某人处于进退两难的境地putsb.inadilemma使人左右为难;使人进退两难oadilemma使人左右为难;使人进退两难,dwarf,民间传说或神话中一般善于开矿、金属加工与人相似的）侏儒anabnormallysmallperson矮子，侏儒,使相比之下显得矮小，使相形见绌ThebuildingssurroundanddwarfAllSaintschurch.阻碍的生长（或发育）thedwarfedbutsolidbranchofatree.生长受阻但却结实的树枝。,shelter,n.遮蔽;保护Wetookshelterfromtheraininacave.避难所;庇护所Treesareashelterfromthesun.anair-raidshelter,vt.掩蔽;庇护,保护Heshelteredhimselfbehindahedge.借住宿sheltersb.forthenightThehutshelteredhimfromthecoldwind.,beashelterfromflytosb.forshelter逃进某人家避难givesheltertolendtheshelterofonesnameandpositiontosb.利用自己的名誉地位庇护某人UndertheshelterofShelteroneselfbehind躲在背后,deny,否认Bothfirmsdenyanyresponsibilityforthetragedy.拒绝把给予Theinquirywasdeniedaccesstointelligencesources.Shecandenyhersonnothing.她对儿子是百依百顺(要什么就给什么)。,precept,规诫，戒律；箴言moralprecepts.thelegalpreceptofbeinginnocentuntilprovenguilty.“被证明有罪之前作无罪推定”这一法律规定。Childrenlearnfarmorebyexamplethanbyprecept.Exampleisbetterthanprecept.身教胜于言教。Exampleisthebestprecept.-Aesop榜样是最好的缄言。-伊索。,transcend,尤指概念范围、分类等抽象方面）超出，超越Thiswasanissuetranscendingpartypolitics.Suchmatterstranscendhumanunderstanding.,PrescribepriskraibP5,L3,V命令；指示；规定syn.Stipulatei.eWhatpunishmentdoesthelawprescribeforcorruption?法律规定对贪污行贿该处以什么刑罚？限制，限定Thecriminalwasprescribedtoonepoorsolitaryplace.罪犯被限制在一个贫穷冷落的地方。,TransitionalPage,开（处方）；开药；嘱咐(疗法)：Canyouprescribeapainkiller?Canyouprescribeforthepaininmyback?,nprescription处方，药方；计划，建议，秘诀*Prescriptiondrugs/medication(s)处方药*Antibiotics(抗生素)areonlyavailableby/onprescription.*aprescriptionforhappiness增进幸福的秘诀,adjprescriptive,*规定的；指示的；命令的；规范的Thestylisticanalysesmadeinthisvolumearethusbasicallydescriptiveratherthanprescriptive.因此，本书进行的文体分析基本上是描述性的，而非规定性的。(madelegaloracceptablebecausetheyhaveexistedforalongtime)约定俗成的，相沿成习的Prescriptivepowers,InnumerableP5,L3,Innumerable(countless)numerical数字的，用数字表示的数值的numerous众多的，许多的Tips:Sing.为数众多的，大的Thecityhasanumerouslibrary.该市有一个藏书很多的图书馆。Pl.许多的Therearenumerouslibrariesinthecity.,warrant,Noun逮捕证；搜查证；授权令Magistratesissuedawarrantforhisarrest.Wellissueyouwithatravelwarrant.正当理由；依据Thereisnowarrantforthisassumption.,Verb证明（某个行动过程）正当（或必要）ThereisnotenoughnewevidencetowarrantareferencetotheCourtofAppeal.正式确认；保证Thevendorwarrantstheaccuracyofthereport.Iwillwarranthimanhonestandreliablefellow.,signonesowndeathwarrant自寻死路,自我毁灭;自找失败swearoutawarrant发出逮捕证,bestow,授予（荣誉，权利），赠与（礼物）Theofficewasbestowedonhimbythemonarchofthisrealm.Idonotdeserveallthepraisesbestoweduponme.Manybookswerebestowedonher.,render,使成为；使得Therainsrenderedhisescapeimpossible.Theshockofthediscoveryrenderedhimspeechless.报答;归还;给予呈递;提供;开出Sheneededhimtohearheroutandrenderadvice.Youwillhavetorenderanaccountofyourexpenditure.Wearegoingtorenderthemeconomicassistance.,演出;扮演;演奏Thepianoconcertowaswonderfullyrendered.翻译Thesentencecannotbeliterallyrendered.,befall,(诗/文)（尤指不幸的事）发生在（某人）身上，降临于Atragedybefellhisdaughter.Shewastoblameforanythingthatbefell.Weshallneverleaveyou,whateverbefalls.,Inthecourseof,在期间,在过程中Duffcalledmeinthecourseofourconversation.在我们谈话时,达夫打电话给我。Inthecourseoftheexperiments,theycameacrossaseriesofnewproblems.在试验过程中他们碰到一系列新问题。,P9L2credibility,credibilityn(u)/kredblti/thequalitythatsomebody/somethinghasthatmakespeoplebelieveortrustthem可信性；可靠性togain/lack/losecredibility获取缺乏失去信任Theprosecutiondiditsbesttounderminethecredibilityofthewitness.原告竭力削弱证人的可信性。Newspapersweretalkingofacredibilitygapbetweenwhathesaidandwhathedid.各家报纸都在议论他言行不一。,undercut,低于（对手）价格出售（商品，服务）Theseindustrieshavebeenundercutbymoreefficientforeignproducers.(喻)削弱；暗中破坏Thechairmandeniedhisauthoritywasbeingundercut.,P9L3Scrupulous,scrupulousadj/skrupjls/meticulouscarefulaboutpayingattentiontoeverydetail仔细的；细致的；一丝不苟的Youmustbescrupulousabouthygienewhenyourepreparingababysfeed.给婴儿准备食物时，对卫生丝毫马虎不得。scrupulousattentiontodetail体察入微carefultobehonestanddowhatisright(insth/indoingsth)审慎正直的；恪守道德规范的Shehadareputationforscrupuloushonesty.她有审慎正直的名声。,spiral,（物价、工资等后浪推前浪式的）恶性螺旋形上升（或下跌）aninflationaryspiral.（因特定情况的持续加剧或减弱所引起的）恶化过程，恶变thisspiralofdeprivationandenvironmentaldegradation.,P10L1pressfor,tomakestrongeffortstopersuadeorforcesomebodytodosomething催促；敦促；逼迫sb(forsth)sb(intosth/intodoingsth)Ifpressed,hewilladmitthatheknewabouttheaffair.Pressfor:tokeepaskingforsomething不断要求Theycontinuedtopressforachangeinthelaw.他们不断要求修改这项法律。,length,atsomelength相当详尽地cannotseebeyondthelengthofonesnose鼠目寸光drawouttoa