初中英语语法定语从句.ppt

TheAttributiveClause,(定语从句),一个美丽的女孩abeautifulgirl,beautiful,（形容词作前置定语）,一个穿白色衣服的女孩,agirlinwhite,inwhite,（介词短语作后置定语）,一个正唱歌的女孩,agirlissinging,who,issinging,（定语从句，agirl为先行词）,定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。,LiMingisaboy.,LiMingisagoodboy.,LiMingisagoodboy.,形容词作定语,介词短语作定语,在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。,good,withglasses,whoiswearingglasses,句子作定语,先行词,引导词(关系词）,从句,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,（被修饰的名词或代词）,（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）,修饰先行词的句子,定语从句分析结构：先行词+引导词+从句,ThisisthecardthatIvejustreceived,先行词,引导词,从句,关系代词,关系副词,who,that,which,whom,whose,Where,when,why,定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先行词：被定语从句修饰的词,引导词：,引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词,引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,做题一般步骤,步骤二,步骤三,Inwhich=where,Ilivethehouse(WRONG),步骤一,先行词house，带入句子,Iliveinthehouse(RIGHT),Thisisthehouse_Ilive.,关系代词who,whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：Imetagirlwhoknewyoursister.我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who,that代之。如：ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。Theperson(who,whom,that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.我向他投诉的那个人是经理。,关系代词的作用,关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：Sheisthewomanwhosecarwasstolen.她就是汽车被盗的Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs.Gray,whosechildrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。Hishouse,whosewindowswereallbroken,wasadepressingsight.他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。,关系代词which的用法,which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：（1）Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。（2）Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim.他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。which在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：Isthisthebook（which）youarelookingfor？(lookfor寻找)这是你要找的书吗？,关系代词that用法,一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：Adriverthathasknockedsomeonedownmuststop.撞人的司机必须停车。Heisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.他就是你要找的那个人。Heisnotthatmanthathewas.他已不是过去的他了。二、指物的用法that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid.她为我说的某句话而不高兴。Shengzhenisnotthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat.Thegoatiseatingherflowers.,Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhichiseatingherflowers.,Canyoulendmethebook?Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.,Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.,Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,1、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修饰时(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,2、当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4、当形容词被thevery,theonly，thesame,thelast,any,little等修饰时(1)ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting？,5、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7.当关系代词在定语从句中做表语Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.8.当在therebe句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which,who,that（先行词为人）区别,1.用who不用that的情况：,(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。,HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise,2.只能用which的情况:,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.,ReadthetextagainandfindtheAttributiveClauses:,Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthatsmissing.,2.ThisisthecagethatPollylivesin.,3.Wearelookingforathiefwholikesstealingparrotsandnecklace.,6.Illshootanyonewhomoves!,4.Whenwasthelasttime(that)yousawtheparrot?,5.Itwasaboutsomethieveswhorobbedatrain,7.Illshootanyonewhomoves,anyonewhomoves!,8.Isthattheparrotwhichyouarelookingfor?,9.Andisthisthenecklacethatwasstolen?,10.PollywasthethiefwhostoleMumsnecklace!,12.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.13.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.14.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.15.Thisisthesecondnovel_Ihaveeverread.16.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.17.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?18.Myhometownisnotthesameone_itusedtobetwentyyearsago.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,whose在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。,Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.,Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue,Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue,Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisthehairofwhomveryshortinourclass?,Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday,HeisthestudentwhosepencilthepencilofwhomIbrokeyesterday.,MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.,MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou.,.,Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.,Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebrokenisbeingrepairednow.,Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.,Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing,Thisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.,Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents,Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.,ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.,As也可以用来引导定语从句.,当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.IshouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.,关系副词,关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/.which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介词同先行词搭配),when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.,why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.,Exercise1:用关系代词填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolit