倒装(英语语法倒装句).ppt

倒装&前置,倒装通常，句子的主语位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序(NormalOrder)。如果句子的谓语动词位于主语之前，这种语序就被称作倒装语序(InvertedOrder)。倒装语序有两种：全部倒装，即将整个谓语置于主语之前；部分倒装，即只将谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）移到主语前面。还有一种情况，就是句子的主谓顺序没有改变，但是句子中某一成分提前了（通常是宾语、表语或状语），这种情况通常被称为前置。例如：,Inonecorneroftheroomstands（谓语）abookcase（主语）.(全部倒装)Neverbeforehave（谓语）I（主语）heard（谓语）suchathing.(部分倒装)Whatlovelyweather（表语）it（主语）is（动词）!(表语前置),1.语法倒装由于语法结构的需要进行倒装1）疑问句中的倒装Issheinfavoroftheplanoragainstit?HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?注意：如特殊疑问句的疑问词提问的是主语，则仍用正常语序。WhobeatTomyesterday?Whichbikeisyours?2）therebe(或there+其它连系动词)的倒装Therearealotofpeopleinthehall.Therestandsaweatherstationatthetopofthehill.,3）省略if的虚拟条件句中的倒装（参见“虚拟语气”部分）Hadtheybeengivenmorehelp,theywouldhavesucceeded.Wereitfinetomorrow,wewouldgoonapicnic.,4）在here,there,now,then引导的句子中，谓语是be,come,go等动词时的倒装。这类句子大都带有引起注意的含义。Hereistheletteryouhavebeenlookingforwardto.Nowcomesyourturn.Thencametheordertotakeoff.起飞的命令来了。注意，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装，比较：1Therecomesthepostman.Therehecomes.2Herearethebooksyouwant.Heretheyare.,5）在so,nor,neither开头的句子中的倒装Iwenttoseeamovielastnight.Sodidmysisterandbrother.Tomdoesntlikebananas.Nordoeshiswife.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.6）语法上要求的前置a)在感叹句中的前置Howbeautifulthisdressis!(表语前置)Whatalovelypicturehehaspainted!(宾语前置)b)在“themore,themore”结构中的前置Thesooneryougiveupsmoking(状语前置),thehealthieryouwillbecome(表语前置).Themorebooksonereads(宾语前置),themoreknowledgehehas(宾语前置).,c)在疑问词或连接词whether等引导的从句中的前置Idontknowwhoheis.(宾语从句中的表语前置)Whateveradviceyoumayoffer,itwillbeofvaluetous.(状语从句中的宾语前置)Youcanhardlyimaginehowfasthedrives.(宾语从句中状语前置)Whatbookshewantsisnotclear.(主语从句中宾语前置),2.修辞倒装修辞倒装，即由于修辞需要而产生的倒装1）当“only+状语”用于句首表示强调时，要用倒装；如果不在句首，则用正常语序。1Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.(倒装)Youcansolvethisproblemonlyinthisway.(正常)2Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagaindidwerealizethattherewasamistake.(倒装)Werealizedthattherewasamistakeonlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagain.(正常),2）含有否定意义的副词或词组，用于句首，充当状语时，要用倒装。如：never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,notuntil,bynomeans,undernocircumstances等，以及含有否定意义的关连词如：notonlybutalso,neithernor,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen等，位于句首也要倒装。1NevershallIforgetthislesson.(倒装)Ishallneverforgetthislesson.(正常)2NotonlywasChurchillastatesman,butalsohewasapoet.(倒装)Churchillwasnotonlyastatesman,butalsohewasapoet.(正常),3）在as和be引导的让步状语从句中，要用倒装语序1Tiredashewas,hecontinuedtowork.(倒装)Thoughhewastired,hecontinuedtowork.(正常)2Tryashemight,hecouldnotfulfillthetaskalone.(倒装)Althoughhemighttry,hecouldnotfulfillthetaskalone.(正常)3Everybodymustobeythelaw,beheacommoncitizenorahighrankingofficial.(倒装)Everybodymustobeythelaw,whetherheisacommoncitizenorahighrankingofficial.(正常),4）当“so/suchthat”结构中的“so”，“such”用于句首加强语气时，要用倒装Soangrywashe(=Hewassoangry)thathecouldntspeak.Suchwastheforceoftheexplosion(=Theforceoftheexplosionwassuch)thatallthewindowswerebroken.5）为了生动地描写动作，在in,out,away,up,down,off等副词开头的句子里常用倒装Upwenttherocketintotheair.Followingaroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.,6）主语较长，为了使句子平衡而使用倒装GonearethedayswhenChinahadtodependonforeignoil.中国依赖外国石油的日子一去不复返了。7）为了使句子和上文衔接的更紧密而使用倒装(ThereisagatetothesouthofTianAnMenSquare.)FacingthegateistheMonumenttothePeoplesHeroes.(天安门广场的难面有一个城门。)面对着城门的是人民英雄纪念碑。(Hefoundatableinonecorneroftheroom.)Underthetablewaslyingahalf-consciousyoungman.(他发现房间的一个角落里有一张桌子。)桌子下面躺着一个半昏迷的年轻人。,8）在宾语从句是直接引语的句子中，若整体或部分直接引语置于主句前面时，主谓要倒装。“Help!Help!”shoutedtheboy.(倒装)“Iamsure,”saidJack,“youareright.”(倒装)注意，如果主语是人称代词，则仍用正常语序：“Whatdoyouwant?”heasked.如果作为宾语从句的直接引语位于主句之后，则仍用正常语序。例如：Theboyshouted,“Help!Help!”Jacksaid,“Imsureyouareright.”Heasked,“Whatdoyouwant?”,9）修辞中出现的前置修饰前置一般有两个目的：强调和衔接。修辞中所出现的前置主要有：a)宾语前置Verygoodlessonswehadyesterday.(表示强调)昨天我们上的课太好了。Hefiredtwosmallpiecesoffish.Onehefedtohiscat,theotherheatehimself.(为了衔接更加紧密)他炸了两小块鱼，一块喂了猫，一块他自己吃了。,b)状语前置In1971,theSovietUnionsentintoorbitthefirstexperimentalmannedspacestation.ShehastranslatedintoChineseanovelwrittenbyMarkTwain.HewaswritingcarefullytheNewYearscardstobesenttohisfriends.,c)宾语的补足语前置Theysawplayinginthegardenagroupofchildrenagedfromaboutsixtoten.他们看见一群大约六到十岁的孩子在花园里玩。Manypeopleconsiderimpossiblewhatreallyispossible.不少人把本来可能做到的事看成是不可能的。,1.Heisnotunderarrest,_anyrestrictiononhim.A.orthepolicehaveplacedB.orhavethepoliceplacedC.northepolicehaveplacedD.norhavethepoliceplaced2._heneededmoneyforanewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank.A.MuchasB.MuchthoughC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch,D,A,3._,healwaystrieshisbesttocompleteitontime.A.HoweverthetaskishardB.HoweverhardthetaskisC.ThoughhardthetaskisD.Thoughhardisthetask4._forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.A.HaditnotbeenB.HadntitbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot,B,A,5.Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,_tothetruck.A.thegreaterstressisB.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreaterD.thegreaterthestress6.Thebusinessofeachday,_sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.A.itbeingB.beitC.wasitD.itwas,D,B,7.Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoice_.A.hewasabletomakehimselfhearB.hewasabletomakehimselfheardC.washeabletomakehimselfhearD.washeabletomakehimselfheard8.Notuntilthegamehadbegun_atthesportsground.A.hadhearrivedB.wouldhehavearrivedC.didhearriveD.shouldhehavearrived,D,C,9._thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.A.SocleveraretheconstructionrobotsB.SoclevertheconstructionrobotsareC.SuchconstructionrobotsarecleverD.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsaresothat引出的结果状语从句中，so位于句首时，需倒装。此外，tosuchadegree,tosuchanextent,tosuchapoint等词组放在句首，表示程度，句子也要倒装。Soloudlydidthestudentsreadthatpeoplecouldhearthemoutinthestreet.Tosuchanextentdidhishealthdeterioratethathewasforcedtoretire.,A,10.Fool_Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.A.whoB.asC.thatD.like11._,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.A.AlthoughmuchhelikesherB.MuchalthoughhelikesherC.AshelikeshermuchD.Muchashelikesher,B,D,12._,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.A.HadnthebeentakengoodcareofB.HadhenotbeentakengoodcareofC.HadnotbeenhetakengoodcareofD.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof13._foryourlaziness,youcouldhavefinishedtheassignmentbynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.ItwerenotC.WerentitD.Ha