大学英语翻译教程-第十三单元.ppt

翻译技巧(九),长句的译法,英语重形合，其连接手段丰富多样,一方面可以组成很长的简单句，另一方面还可以组合成更长的复合句或复杂句；而且往往从句之中套着分句、分句之中又包含从句，形成环扣相连、层现叠出的长句结构。汉语更注重意合，汉语句子一般要比英语句子简短。,在汉译英语长句时，必须在吃透原文意思的基础上，采取灵活的变通手段，按照汉语的造句常规，重新加以组合，贴切地再现原文意义。,CompanyLogo,试比较下列例子中的两种译文：(1)TherearewonderfulstoriestotellabouttheplacesIvisitedandthepeopleImet.原译：有许多奇妙的故事可以讲关于我访问的一些地方和遇见的不少人。改译：我访问了一些地方，遇见了不少人。要讲起来，奇妙的故事有许多。,CompanyLogo,(2)Andheknewhowashamedhewouldhavebeenifhisgirlfriendhadknownhismotherandthekindofplaceinwhichhewasborn,andthekindofpeopleamongwhomhewasborn.原译：他知道他会非常丢脸，如果他的女朋友知道了他的母亲，他出生的地方以及他所出生的人群.改译：他出生在这类人中间，出生在这样的地方，有这样的母亲，这些要是让他的女朋友知道了的话，他明白会有多么丢人。,13.1原序译法13.2变序译法13.3分句译法,13.1原序译法,原序译法，又称“顺序法”或“顺译法”。有些英语长句的内容安排与汉语的表达习惯颇为一致，基本可以按照原文语序依次译出，例如：(3)Theglobaleconomythatboomedinthe1960s，growingatanaverageof5.5per-centayear,andpushedaheadata4.5percent-a-yearrateinthemid-1970s,simplystoppedgrowingin1981-1982.,(4)TheEastGreenlandCurrentcarriesmuchicefromtheArcticdownthecoastofGreenland，maintainingthelowtemperaturesandrenderingaccesstotheeastcoastofGreenlanddifficult.,(5)Wheneverchemistswanttocombineoxygenandhydrogentoformwater，theyfindtheymustusetheminacertainproportion，whichisalwaysthesame，nomatterwhethertheyareformingasingledropofwaterormanygallons.,(6)Awatersupplyforacityusuallyincludesastoragereservoiratthesourceofthesupply,apipelinefromthestoragereservoirtothedistributionreservoirnearthecity，andfinallythedistributionpipesburiedinthestreets，takingthewatertothehouses，shops，factories,andoffices.,(7)Themoonisaworldthatiscompletelyandutterlydead,asterilemountainouswasteonwhichduringtheheatofthedaythesunblazeddownwithrelentlessfury,butwhereduringthelongnightthecoldissointensethatitfarsurpassesanythingeverexperiencedontheearth.,(8)Theelectronicnotebookwillserveasmemofilesinwhichthescientistrecordsthoughtsforpreservationdescriptionofexperiments，draftsofreports,quotationsandothermaterialsextractedfromotherelectricfiles,andothertypesofinformationthatwouldnowbeputinpapernotebooksandothertypesofpaperfiles.,13.2变序译法,变序译法又称逆序法。如果英语长句的叙事层次与汉语不相一致，往往需改变原文语序、甚至逆着原文语序翻译，以使译文更加符合汉语的习惯。在汉译不同的英语长句中，尤以定语(从句)和状语(从句)的变序处理更为常见，也更加重要。13.2.1改变定语语序13.2.2改变状语语序,13.2.1改变定语语序,汉语定语一般置于中心词之前。因此，许多英语长句中后置的定语短语或定语从句译成汉语时经常需要改变语序，调整到中心词之前的位置上。例如：,(9)Einsteinsequationsindicatedthatwhenastarseveraltimeslargerthanthesunexhaustsitsnuclearfuelandcollapses，itsmattercrushestogetheratitscentrewithsuchforcethatitformsasingularity，aninfinitelydensepointwithnodimensionsandirresistiblegravity.,(10)Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude，theattitudeofthemanandwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics，biology，chemistry，geology，engineering，medicineoranyotherscience？(11)TheGeneralAssemblymaycalltheattentionoftheSecurityCounciltosituationswhicharelikelytoendangerinternationalpeaceandsecurity.,(12)ThereareseveralreasonswhyKissingernolongerappearstobethemagicianthattheworldpresshadmadehimouttobe，anillusionwhichhefailedtodiscouragebecausehehasbeensaidtohaveatendencytowardmegalomania.,13.2.2改变状语语序,英语叙事说理的逻辑顺序相对比较灵活，表示原因、条件、前提等的状语成分既可前置又可后置；汉语一般则是前因后果、先提出条件后交待结果，有关状语大多前置。因此，汉译某些英语长句时，经常需要调整其状语的语序。例如：,(13)Aluminumremainedunknownuntilthenineteenthcentury,becausenowhereinnatureisitfoundfree，owingtoitsalwaysbeingcombinedwithotherelements，mostcommonlywithoxygen，forwhichithasastrongaffinity.(14)Moreover,theessentialguaranteeformutualcooperationshouldberealizedtosolveaseriesofproblemsthataffectourcooperation,whichisinlinewithmytarget.,(15)Fiveyearsearlierevenoneyearearlier-IwouldnthavebeenabletolivewithmyselfifIhadtotakesoleresponsibilityforamistakeinjudgment.(16)Latertheinstitutewasinstructedtocarryoutitsresearchonconditionthattheresultofwhichdidhaveausefulnessformarketforecasts.,(17)Astudentofmathematicsmustbecomefamiliarwithallthesignsandsymbolscommonlyusedinmathematicsandbeartheminmindfirmly，andbewellversedinthedefinitions，formulasaswellasthetechnicaltermsinthefieldofmathematics，inorderthathemaybeabletobuildupthefoundationofthemathematicalsubjectandmasteritwellforpursuingadvancedstudy.,13.3分句译法,分句译法又称拆句法或切分法，是翻译英语长句最为常用的手法之一。为了适应汉语多用较短句式的基本趋势，经常可以将英语长句中的某些短语或从句分译成句。特别是有些短语或从句与句子中的其他成分的联系并不十分紧密，这时分句译法就尤其适用。,当然，翻译手法的使用往往都不是孤立的。在采用分句译法翻译某些英语长句时，需要同时运用增词法，加译适当的词语，以便使语气更加连贯，语义更加清楚。例如：,(18)Teninternationalfinalistsfortheaward,whowillbefromthesecountries-China,India,Kenya,LatinAmericanregion,Lithuania,Malaysia,NigeriaandPoland,willvisittheUKinSeptember2009toundertakeacommonprogramwheretheywilltakepartinvaluablenetworkingbothwithkeyUKdesignindustrycontactsandamongsttheirIYDEpeers.,(19)Intellectuallyemancipatedatatimewhenwomenofgoodfamilywerenotencouragedtodoanythingmoreambitiousthandabbleinthearts，shebecametheeditorofareviewentitledCorrespondencedesFamillesinwhichshewasboldenoughtopublishessaysbysomerevolutionarysocialists.,(20)Whethertousetests，otherkindsofinformation，orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore，upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.,(21)Thestatementdeclaredthattheinternationaleconomicordermustbechangedorthegapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswouldcontinuetowiden.(22)Thereisnowasingleacceptedpronunciationforthevastmajorityofwordsinordinarypoliteuse,deviationfromwhichisregardedeitherasaprovincialismorasavulgarism.,(23)Threerainshadpassed,anditwasthatleanseasonwhenthevillagesstoreofgrainandotherdriedfoodsfromthelastharvestwasalmostgone.,(24)Untoldnumbersoforganismsinthepastgeologicalperiodswereburiedbeneathsiltandsandand，intheabsenceofoxygen，weretransformedbyheat，pressure，andtimeintothedepositsoffossil-fuels-coal,petroleumandnaturalgas-thatnowyieldtheirbou