复旦教材-定语从句.ppt

定语从句Attributiveclause,定语从句Yourethepersonwhodeeplyshockedme.,先行词Yourethepersonwhodeeplyshockedme.*先行词可以不只是一个词，还可以是一个短语、一个完整的句子。Ilikewatchingsoapoperas,whichismyfavoritehobby.Shewasalwayslateforappointments,whichannoyedmostofherfriends.,关系词Yourethepersonwhodeeplyshockedme.*关系代词（which,that,who,whom,whose）关系副词(when,where,why)准关系代词(as,than,etc),eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.,先行词,关系副词,先行词和关系词的关系,1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,intheschool=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,关系代词who/whom/whose/which/that.who/whom的用法1.先行词指人Thiswomanisafamousactressandsheisalsoasinger.Thiswomanisafamousactresswhoisalsoasinger.,2.who/whom的区别Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit.,.whose的用法：Manychildren，whoseparentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.,.which的用法：1.先行词指物Wearestudyinggrammar.Itcontainsattributiveclauses.Wearestudyinggrammarwhichcontainsattributiveclauses.2.which可以指代a.单个名词Loveisamagicwhichcanmakepeoplelovely.,b.单个短语Thenewlybuiltcafe,thewallsofwhicharepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,whichisnamedafterhisgrandfather.,c.整个句子Heisill,inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.,.that的用法：1.先行词可指人可指物2.that不用在非限制性定语从句中3.that不能前接介词Theworldthatweliveinismadeupofmatter.4.最好用that的情况A.先行词既有人又有物时Thewriterandhisnovelsthatthearticledealswitharequitefamiliartous.,B.先行词为指物的all/little/few/much/none/thefirst时Aslongasyoustanduptothedifficulties,therearenonethatcannotbeovercome.C.先行词是不定代词something/anything/nothing/everything时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?,D.先行词被any/only/all/every/no/some/much/few/little/序数词/最高级/theonly/theone/thevery/theright/thelast修饰时Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewasallthatkepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad,*在从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略a.Samlikesthegiftwhichwesentforhisbirthday.b.Samlikesthegiftthatwesentforhisbirthday.c.Samlikesthegiftwesentforhisbirthday.,.when的用法:1.先行词是表时间的名词，when=onwhichIllneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichImetyou.,关系副词常见的关系副词有when,where,why,2.when在从句中作时间状语：IllneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.Illneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark.若定语从句不是缺状语，而是缺主语或宾语，要用which/that来引导。,3.when的先行词可以是含有时间意义的抽象名词。Shellneverforgetherstaytherewhenshefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.,.Where的用法1.先行词是表地点的名词，如place/house等。Where=at/inwhichThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.ThisisthetowninwhichIspentmychildhood.,2.where在句中作地点状语：若定语从句缺主语或宾语，要用which/that引导定语从句。ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.ThisisthetownwhichItoldyouaboutbefore.3.where的先行词可以是含有地点意义的抽象名词，如situation,point等。Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareerwheresheheededtodecidewhattodo.,.Why的用法：1.先行词是reason等表原因的名词why=forwhichYouarethereasonwhyIstay.2.*只引导限制性定语从句,介词+关系代词.从定语从句中找线索1.定语从句中的动词：所选介词需于动词搭配GuncontrolisasubjectaboutwhichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.,2.定语从句中的形容词HereferredmetosomereferencebookwithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.3.定语从句中的名词Iamsendingyouaninquiry,towhichyourpromptattentionishighlyappreciated.,ii.表示所属关系或部分关系与整体关系时用介词ofFormanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,ofwhichNewYorkisanexample.,限制性和非限制定语从句1形式上区别：“逗号”2.意义上的区别：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句,*如果定语从句修饰的是一个专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句。C.可限制性也可非限制性的定语从句：二者强调的意义不一样。Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.,*两种定语从句翻译有差别：Thefood,whichwasntinthefridge,allwentoff.Thefoodwhichwasntinthefridgeallwentoff.,that引导的定语从句和同位语从句区别：1.that是否作成分2.从句的作用Therumorthathespreadeverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.TherumorthatTomwasathiefturnedouttobeuntrue.,准关系代词as的用法1.as引导限制性定语从句时，只出现在固定的结构中，如such,thesame,as,so的后面Hetriedtomakeasfewmistakesashecouldavoided.2.as引导非限制性定语从句可位于句首Asisknown,thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.3.as和which都可引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面整个句子。Hesawthegirl,as/whichhehadhoped.,i