大一英语第一学期复习.ppt

UsefulExpressionsforComparisonandContrast,Comparison,Contrast,likethesameasalikesimilarlikewiseand,aswellalso,toojustas,asdo,asdid,asdoesboth,unlikeincontrasttodifferentfromlesswhereashoweverbutasopposedtoontheotherhand,Comparisonandcontrastcanbeorganizedintwomajorways:1.One-side-at-a-timemethod:examineonesubjectthoroughlyandthenstarttheother.2.Point-by-pointmethod:examinetwosubjectsatthesametime,discussingthempointbypoint.,LanguageStudy,Reflectvt.vi.(1)反射Amirrorreflectsapictureofyouwhenyoulookinit.(2)（常与that,how连用）表达；反映Doesthisletterreflecthowyoureallythink?(3)（常与on,upon连用）仔细考虑Shereflectsonhercountrysplaceinhistory.她思考她的国家在历史上的地位.,(Para2)Attachvt.(1)加上；连上；附上(sth.tosth.)attachlabeltoparcel给包裹贴标签Attachedtothisletteryouwillfindacopyofthedocumentyouaskedfor.你所要的文件见附件。attachedpleasefind书信用语附上.请查收(2)依恋；喜欢Iamveryattachedtothatoldpicture.我很喜欢那幅旧画。,Relatedphrases:1)attachimportance/significance/value/weighttosth.:thinkthatsth.isimportantortrueandthatitshouldbeconsideredseriouslyPeopleattachgreatimportancetoeducationnowinChina.2)attachoneselfto:spendtimewithsomeoneorbecomepartofagroup参加(党派等)ThestudentssoonattachedthemselvestotheYouthLeague.,Becauseofhistenderageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso,hewouldusuallyfail.(Para3),Paraphrasethesentence.Becausehewassoyounganddidntquiteknowthatheshouldpositionthekeycarefullytofitintothenarrowkeyslot,hewouldusuallyfail.justso:一点不错,assist:v.helpsb.orsth.(sb.withtodo,indoingsth.帮助某人做某事)Thesemeasuresweremadetoassistdisabledpeople.assistance(n.帮助，协助);assistant(n.助手adj.辅助的,助理的)help,assist,aid这组动词同义词的相应名词分别为help(helper)，assistance(assistant),aid,它们都有“帮助”的意思。,Help和另外两个词的差别在于，help含有比较强的“目的”意义。Ashortwhileago,mysisterhelpedmetocarryoneofmyoldbookcasesupthestairs.刚才，我妹妹帮我把我的一只旧书橱抬上了楼。MayIhelpyoutosomemoretea?让我再给你一些茶好吗？Assist从词源学角度讲，是“站在旁边”的意思，它清楚地包含着这种帮助只起着次要的作用。,Heassistedtheprofessorincompilingthedictionary.他帮助那位教授编了那本词典。Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.接待她的那个店员不喜欢她的打扮。Aid含有接受帮助者因为弱小而需要帮助的意思。TheRedCrossoftenaidsfloodvictims.红十字会常常帮助受水灾的难民。,somewhatpron.一点儿,几分Heissomewhatofamusician.他可算是个音乐家。adv.有点,稍微,略Iamsomewhattiredofthiswork.我对这个工作有点厌倦了。n.某程度;某东西;某分量Matterisanunknownsomewhat.物质是某种不明的东西。morethansomewhat口非常somewhatof口有点;相当,Neglectvt.(1)givetoolittleattentionorcareto疏忽，忽视Ifyouneglectthisproperty,itwilldepreciate.如果你忽视这份资产,它无形中就贬值了。Theanimalswerethinandillbecausethefarmerhadneglectedthem.这些牲口瘦弱有病，因为农场主没给予足够的关心。(2)（常与to连用）忽略；大意；忘记Dontneglecttolockthedoor.别忘了锁门。,neglecttododoingsth.忘做某事Dontneglectpayinghimavisitnowandthen.别忘了时常去看看他。neglectonesmealsandsleep废寝忘食neglectotherscriticism无视他人的批评neglectonesduties玩忽职守,Cf:ignore:vt.paynoattentiontosb./sth.onpurpose,orasifsth.hasnothappened.不理睬；忽视Itriedtotellherbutsheignoredme.我打算告诉她，可是她不理睬我。Ignorethechildifhemisbehaves,andhellsoonstop.小孩不听话时,别去理他,一会他就会不闹了。,throwlighton/castlighton/videanexplanationforitorinformationwhichmakesiteasiertounderstand.使某事清楚明白地显示出来;变得清晰Hopingthathemightbeabletoshedsomelightontheproblem,IaskedMariotolookattheengine.我让马利奥看一看发动机，希望他能找出症结所在。,accomplish,vt.完成,贯彻,实现(计划等),达到(目的);实行Hecanaccomplishmoreinadaythananyotherboyinhisclass.他一天所完成的工作比他班上其他的孩子都多accomplishonesobject达到目的accomplishonesmission完成使命Accomplish,complete,finish都含“完成”的意思。accomplish通常接task,aim,journey,voyage等名词,有时兼有“达成(效果)”之意,如:,Theexplorersaccomplishedthevoyageinfiveweeks.探险队在五周内完成了航程。complete比accomplish具体,可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词,指“按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”,主要涵义是“补足缺少的部分”,如:Thebuildingwillbecompletedbytheendofthismonth.这座楼于本月底建成。finish在许多情况下可与complete换用,但不及complete正式,常含有“认真仔细地完成工作的最后阶段的精工修饰,使之完美”的意思。如:Ihavefinishedthebook.我已读完了这本书。,critical:1)veryimportant至关重要Environmentalistssayacriticalfactorinthecityspollutionisitspopulation.环境主义者说这个城市污染的一个重要因素是人口。2）veryseriousanddangerous危急的Thenegotiationhasenteredacriticalphase.谈判进入了危急阶段。在昨日的车祸中有10人死亡，5人仍处于危险状态。Inyesterdayscaraccident,tenpeoplewerekilledandfivearestillinacriticalcondition.,3)Inclinedtojudgeseverelyandfindfault.爱挑剔的，爱找岔的Myfatherisaverycriticaloldman.（becriticalabout爱挑剔）Usage:acriticalmoment危机;紧要关头criticalcare紧急护理amanwithacriticaleye具有批判眼光的人acriticalthinker有判断力的思想家,apply:berelevent(tosb./sth.):haveeffect(applytosb./sth.)适用，涉及Thisprinciplealwaysapplies.这个原则永远适用。此项规定适用于一年级学生。Theruleappliestofreshmenonly.2)writealetterorfillinaforminordertoaskformallyforsth.applyforsth.,applytodosth.,Iwanttoapplyforthejob.我想申请这项工作。applyforavisa申请签证3）Toputintoaction使用，运用Weshouldapplytheorytopractice.Weintendtoapplyeconomicsanctions.我们打算实施经济制裁。,Usage:applyalaw实施法律applythebrakes踩刹车applyaplastertoawound给伤口贴上膏药applypainttoahouse油漆房屋applyonesmindto专心于.applyonethinguponanother将一件东西放在另一件之上,youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition;(Para11),1.Whatdoesmakingtheirboldestdeparturesmean?Doingsth.differentfromanestablishedruleortradition.2.TranslatethispartintoChinese.西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。,UsefulExpressions,被系在上beattachedto探索行为exploratorybehavior偶尔onoccasion父母的责任parentalduties揭示，阐明throwlighton最终目的ultimatepurpose所希望的结果desirableoutcome关键criticalpoint育儿观valueofchildrearing,弥补某种错误行为makeupforamisdeed回想起来inretrospect善意的well-intentioned前来帮助某人cometosb.srescue极其熟练地、温和地withextremefacilityandgentleness适用于applyto发展到evolveto发展创造力promotecreativity值得追求的目标worthwhilegoals,ProverbsandQuotations,1.Thereisnoendtolearning.学无止境。2.Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.摇篮里学到的东西终身受用。3.Questioningisthedoorofknowledge.提问为通向知识之门。4.Seizethisday!Beginnow!Eachdayisanewlife.Seizeit.Forintodayalreadywalkstomorrow.-DavidPowers,ProverbsandQuotations,5.Nomaneveryetbecamegreatbyimitation.-SamuelJohnson,Britishlexicographerandwriter模仿不成大器。-英国词典编纂者和作家塞缪尔约翰逊6IforgetwhatIwastaught,IonlyrememberwhatIhavelearned.-PatrickWhite,Britishnovelist我忘了别人教我的东西，我只记得我自己学的东西。-英国小说家P.怀特,confront:vt.,1)(ofaproblem,difficulty,etc.)face(sb.)threateninglyAmajordifficultythatconfrontsinternationalstudentsishowbesttojudgethequalityofaprograminaforeignuniversity.2)(ofaperson)faceanddealwith(aproblem,difficulty,etc.)Astronautshavetoconfronttheunknown.beconfrontedwith:bebroughtfacetofaceconclusionsthatcanbeconfrontedwithexperience能与经验相对照的结论,confusion:n.astateofuncertaintyaboutwhatsth.means,etc.,Theenemyretreatedingreatconfusion.他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。Theirunexpectedarrivalthrewourplanintoconfusion.Collocation:coveredwithconfusion非常慌张inconfusion乱七八糟，处于混乱状态throwintoconfusion使狼狈，使慌乱N.B.:该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”，confused意思是“糊涂的、混杂的”。,attain:vt.succeedinachieving,esp.afteralotofeffort,我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。Imdeterminedtoattainmypurposeatanycost.Sheattainedherambitionofbecomingapilot.Collocation:attainonesgoal达到目的attaintheageof有岁了attainthetopofamoutain到达山顶,CF:get,gain,obtainwhatistherootofallevilsisthelustformoney,thatistheexcessive,selfishandgreedypursuitofmoney.-NathanielHawthorn,Americanwriter,ProverbsandQuotations,金钱并非像平常说的那样是万恶之源。而对金钱的贪图，即对金钱过分的、自私的、贪婪的追求，才是一切邪恶的根源。-美国作家N.霍桑,freshman:Astudentinthefirst-yearclassofahighschool,college,oruniversity.sophomore:Asecond-yearstudentinaU.S.college.junior:AstudentinthethirdyearofaU.S.highschoolorcollege.senior:Astudentinthefourthyearofhighschoolorcollege.,Givethewordorphraseswithsimilarmeaning.overall:onthewhole,ingeneral,generallyembarrass:bewilder(使迷惑),confuse,fluster(使惊惶失措),humiliate(使丢脸),mortify(使受辱),shame,feelawkward/ashamedglorious:grand,magnificent,proud,splendidsuperbexhaust:drain,empty,fatigue,finish,spend,tire,useup,wearoutpatience:endurance,indulgence(忍容,放任),persistence,tolerancetalent:ability,aptitude(智能,天资),capability,capacity(接受力),endowment(天资),genius,giftexceptional:extraordinary,notable,outstanding,remarkable,unusual,Givethewordsorphraseswithoppositemeaning.Glorious:disgraceful,dishonorable,ignoble(不光彩的),ingloriousConstant:changeable,inconstant,mutable(易变的)Junior:seniorPatience:impatience,i.Vocabulary1.(L.26)consistof:bemadeupofThecityofNewYorkconsistsoffiveboroughs.Thecommitteeconsistsofscientistsandengineers.Collocationconsistin等于；在于,CF:consist,compose,comprisegiveasanopinion,Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatinflationwasnottobecheckedforthetimebeing.,CF:remarkusebadly,2)docruelthingsto(apersonoranimal),他辜负了我对他的信任。,Hehasabusedmyconfidenceinhim.,Iwontallowyoutoabusethatdog.,CF:abuse,misuseuselessAfteranumberofvainattemptstoclimbthemountain,wewereforcedtoreturntocamp.Itisvaintoresist.常用词组是invain，意为“徒劳地，白白地”,CF:vain,empty,hollow不谋而合,coincidewith,seemunawareof,lieononesback,beashamedof,fillonesmindwith,atatimelikethis,fromthedeepestdepthsofonessoul,9.站着,ononesfeet,shakethetension,19.使回到现实中,bringsb.backtoearth,20.想象,seeinonesmindseye,inslowmotion,17.舒展；伸展,stretchout,DictatethefollowingproverbsandtranslatethemintoChinese.,1.Wheretheresawill,theresaway.有志者事竟成。2.Romewasntbuiltinaday.伟业非一日之功/罗马非朝夕建成。3.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.皇天不负有心人/自助者天助。4.Youshallreapwhatyousow.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆/一分耕耘，一分收获。5.Constantdrippingwearsawaythestone.锲而不舍，金石可镂。,AR_Discussion1,Quotations,1.Ifyouhavegreattalents,industrywillimprovethem;ifyouhavebutmoderateabilities,industrywillsupplytheirdeficiency.JoshuasReynoldsAmericanfemaleessayist如果你很有天赋，勤勉会使其更加完善；如果你能力一般，勤勉会补足其缺陷。美国女散文家约书亚雷诺兹2.Itneverwillrainroses.Whenwewanttohavemoreroseswemustplanttree.G.EliotBritishnovelist天上不会掉下玫瑰来，如果想要更多的玫瑰，必须自己种植。英国小说家乔治艾略特,Quotations,3.Geniusonlymeanshard-workingalloneslife.MendeleyevRussianchemist天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。俄国化学家门捷列耶夫4.Fewthingsareimpossibleinthemselves;anditisoftenforwantofwill,ratherthanofmeans,thatmanfailstosucceed.LaRocheforcauldFrenchwriter事情很少有根本做不成的；其之所以做不成，与其说是条件不够，不如说是决心不够。法国作家罗切福考尔德,peaksandvalleys高潮和低谷daring大胆的Indomitable不屈不挠的ridicule嘲笑,奚落assumption臆断crack裂缝reflecton思考victim受害人domestic家庭的bend弯曲,ObamasSpeechonAmericanWomen,1.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,我们确实有一套空心棒球，但是很难在我们的游戏室找到。,WedidhaveaWiffle-ballset,butyouwouldhavebeenhard-pressedtofinditinourplayroom.,2.Analyzethesentencepattern.,Thissentenceisaconcessiveclause(让步从句)withanemphatic“did”.Forexample:1)WedidsurftheInternetfornecessaryinformation,butwedidntfindanythingsignificant.2)Contemporarywomendoenjoylotsofrights,butcompletegenderequalityisstilladreamtoberealized.,1.Paraphrasethesentence.,Wewerentboyishgirls.,2.Tomboyswewerent.,2.Analyzethesentencepattern.,倒装句，强调“tomboys”这个宾语的作用。倒装句有很多用法。例如：Littledidhesayatthemeeting.Outrushedthegirl.Sohappydidhefeel.Playboystheywerent.,Imnotdenyingthatbut这个句型意思是“不能否认但是”例如：ImnotdenyingthatInternetprovidesuswithavirtualfreeaccesstocountlessinformation,butitsobviousdisadvantagesshouldnotbeneglected.与此类同的句型还有：ThereisnodenyingthatbutNoonecandenythefactthatbut,Imnotdenyingthatmostlittlegirlslovedollsandmostlittleboyslovevideogames,anditmaybetruethatsomepeoplefavortherightsideoftheirbrain,andotherstheleft.Buthowrelevantisthattome,ortoanyone,asanindividual?,ironic:adj.humorouslysarcasticormocking,Itissadlyironicthatinthesemoderntimesitstilltakesweaponstopreventwar.,我如此拼命要守住的这个秘密，却被他们这么漫不经心的对待。,HowironicisittohavesomethingItriedsodesperatelytokeepsecrettreatedsocasually.,CF:,这三个词都是形容词,都有“讽刺的”之意。,sarcastic,satiricapproval;recognition,1),recognitionbyacollegeoruniversitythatacourseofstudieshasbeensuccessfullycompleted,2),Ourmusicteacherwillgiveusextracreditifwewriteareportontheperformance.,ShewasgiventhecreditforwhatIhaddone.,该商店改变了人们对网上购物的看法，赢得了大家的信任。,Webelieveourgoodcreditandproductswithhighqualitywouldwinyourtrust.,belieforconfidenceinthetruthofsth.,3),ThestorehasreceivedcreditforchangingpeoplesopinionsaboutbuyingovertheInternet.,Collocation:,为增光,beacredittosb.,对表示肯定,givesb.credit,值得表扬,deservecredit,disadvantage:n.thequalityofhavinganinferiororlessfavorableposition,Hislackofeducationwasadisadvantagewhenhelookedforajob.,没有适当的公共交通工具是很不方便的。,Thelackofdecentpublictransportisagreatdisadvantage.,Butinthecontestforreallymarketable(适销的)skills,governmentwilloftenbeatadisadvantage.,Collocation:,处于不利地位，处于不利情况之下,atadisadvantage,使某人处于不利地位,putsomeoneatadisadvantage,攻其不备,takesomeoneatadisadvantage,对某人不利，对某人造成损害,tosomeonesdisadvantage,WouldthatimplytheendofChinaseraofrapidgrowth?,imply:vt.,Theadsimplythatbybuyingsuchproductstheconsumerwillgainsomethingelsesuchashappiness,respectandlove.,1)expressorstateindirectly,2)suggestasalogicallynecessaryconsequence,Idontwishtoimplythatyouarewrong.,Freedomdoesnotnecessarilyimplyresponsibility.,CF:,这三个词都是动词,都有“暗示”之意。,indicate,implynottypicalorusualorregular,Globalwarmingproducesmanyabnormalweatherconditionsonalargescale.,Itwasregardedasabnormalforaboytobeinterestedinballet.,NB:,Afavororgift,usuallyintheformofmoney,isgiveninreturnforservice.,1)n.anactofgraciouskindness,approvalorsupport,你赞成他的开发计划吗？,Doyoufavorhisdevelopmentplan?,favor:,2)vt.tendtobeinsupportof,bepartialto,Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.,Noteveryonewasinfavorofthisproject.,Collocation:,欠某人的情,owesb.afavor,还某人的情,returnafavor,同意,支持,infavorof,得到赞同,得到嘉许,gain/winfavor,UsefulExpressions,1.把改成,convertinto,2.对一无所知,dontknowthefirstthingabout,3.把区分开来,distinguishfrom,4.渴望独立,becravingindependence,5.不禁不寒而栗,canthelpshuddering,6.处于劣势,atadisadvantage,7.在方面,whenitcomesto,stumbleinto,itcomeseasilytosomebody,grityourteethtogetgoodatit,theresastrongchancethat,pullthegradeuptoanA,momentsofpanic,bebasedon,15.文化熏陶,culturalcues,16.人不是孤岛,Nomanisanisland,17.毫无疑问,不可否认,Theresnodenyingthat,18.与相关联,berelevantto,19.不容改变的结论,hardandfastconclusions,20.生来就懂,bebornknowing,21.有敢冒风险而为的精神,takealeapoffaith,22.有所选择地听别人的话,haveaselectivehearing,1.Thethoughtofansweringotherpeoplestelephones,typingotherpeoplesworkandwatchingotherpeopletakecreditformyideasandopinionswouldthrowmeintoweek-longboutsofdepression.,每当我想起给别人回电话、打字，看到我出的主意和见解却让别人去受益时，常常整个星期都会闷闷不乐。,SentenceTranslation,2.IsteeledmyselftotraveltheroadthatwouldleadmetoabetterunderstandingofwhoIwasandofwhatIwantedoutoflife.,我坚定地走下去，这条路将使我更好地了解自己，更好地认清自己生活的目的。,3.Anditsnotsomuchtheresultsoftheactionthathavereshapedme(althoughthatsimportant,too)asitistherealizationthatIhavewithinmyselfwhatittakestodowhatIsetouttodo.,此外，给我带来新的生活的，与其说是自己努力取得的结果（虽然这也很重要），不如说是由于意识到自己具有潜在的能力可以做自己想做的事。,4.如今我感到自己更能主宰自己的命运，不再如风中的旗帜，随风飘荡。,Ifeelmoreincontrolthesedaysandlesslikeaflagonabreezyday,blowingthiswayorthatdependingonthewind.,5.某一门课程难学，并不意味着你就不擅长它。你得咬紧牙加倍努力干，才能学好它。一旦你学好了，你就很可能喜欢上它，从中得到无与伦比的乐趣。,Justbecauseasubjectisdifficulttolearn,itdoesnotmeanyouarenotgoodatit.Youjusthavetogrityourteethandworkhardertogetgoodatit.Onceyoudo,theresastrongchanceyouwillenjoyitmorethananythingelse.,6.我申请参加这个暑期班，这倒不是因为我想当工程师，而是因为我渴望独立，想离开父母的房子自己单独生活六周。,Iappliedtotheprogram,notbecauseIwantedtobeanengineer,butbecauseIwascravingindependenceandwantedtogetoutofmyparentshouseforsixweeks.,7.但有时，每当意识到别人对自己的期待时，我又会由于自我怀疑和对未来捉摸不定而感到心情沉重。,Butsometimes,afterrealizingwhatwasexpectedofme,Iwouldbeweigheddownbyself-doubtanduncertainty.,Yes.Forexample,themeaningof“yourhouseburnsup”isthesameasthatof“yourhouseburnsdown”,or“youfillinaform”isthesameas“youfilloutaform”.,1.Whatisthepassageabout?,I.BeforereadingListenandAnswertheQuestions(p.165),Directions:Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions.,Englishisagreatlanguage,butitisalsoacrazylanguage.,2.CanyougiveoneortwoexamplestoillustratethemessinessoftheEnglishlanguage?,3.Areyousureofalltheidiomaticusagesmentionedintherecordedpassage?,Someofthemoreconfusingusagesareexplainedhere:,1)shipbytruck/sendcargobyship:,shipcanbeeitheraverboranoun.,Thefirst“ship”means“send”,thesecondone“alargeboat”.,2)nosesthatrun/feetthatsmells:,Thisreferstowhatpeopleusuallysay“havearunningnose”(流鼻涕),“havesmellyfeet”(臭脚).,3)aslim/fatchance:,aremotepossibility,4)awiseguy:,apersonwhopretendstobemuchwiserthanhe/shereallyis;aderogatoryterm(贬义词),awiseman:,areallywiseperson;acommendatoryterm,5)overlook:,failtoseeornotice,paynoattentionto.(忽视),oversee:,control(work,workmen),6)hot/coldashell:,extremelyhot/cold,7)burnup:,catchfireandflareup,burndown:,bedestroyedbyfire,8)fillinaform/filloutaform:,synonymous,9)gooff:,startanaction,usuallyaccompaniedbyagreatnoise,goon:,continuedoingsomething,10)whenstarsareout:,whenstarsappearinthesky,whenlightsareout:,whenlightsareturnedoff,11)windupawatch:,tightenthespringofawatch,windupaspeech:,endaspeech,ban:vt.1.forbid(sth.)officially(usedinthepattern:bansth.;bansb.fromsth./doingsth.)Thelocalgovernmentwillbansmokinginallofficeslaterthisyear.Tomwasbannedfromdrivingforsixmonthsafterbeingcaughtspeedingagain.LadyChatterleysLoverwasbannedwhenitwasfirstpublished.,CF:ban,forbidthestateofbeingnecessary;theneedforsth.(followedbyof/for),再搞一次选举有必要吗？Isthereanynecessityforanotherelection?Thereisabsolutelynonecessityforyoutobeinvolvedintheproject.,Collocation：,感到有的必要,feelthenecessityof,最低限度的必需品,thebarenecessities,生活必需品,thenecessitiesoflife,必然地,ofnecessity,Youwillofnecessityremainsilent.,你必然会保持沉默。,由于必要；不得已,bynecessity,Iwalkedhomebynecessity,becausethecarbrokedown.,汽车坏了,我不得已只好走回家。,该词本意是“另一个，每两者中的第二个”，因此仅限于在两者之间进行选择，但现在也可指“几种可能中的一种”，类似Wehaveseveralalternativestochosefrom.(有几种可能性可供我们选择。)之类的句子也相当普遍。,alternative:1.n.oneoftwoormorepossibilities(followedbyto),HisfathergaveJohnthealternativeofstayinginhighschoolorgoingtowork.,恐怕除了向警察告发你之外，我别无选择。,ImafraidIhavenoalternativebuttoreportyoutothepolice.,2.adj.(oftwothings)thatmaybeused,had,done,etc.insteadofanother;other,有时alternate可用来代替alternative:Theyhadanalternate/alternativeplan.(他们另有一个计划。)但是，alternative被认为是更地道的英语。,Wereturnedbyanalternativeroad.,UsefulExpressions,1.排行榜,ahitparade,2.严格地说,strictlyspeaking,3.对我们真正至关重要的事,thethingsthatreallymattertous,4.发表演说,makeaspeech,5.为了加强效果,foreffect,6.系统的研究,asystematicstudy,7.起源于,descendfrom,comeupwith,driftwest,passontous,enjoyoneself,rear/raiseachild,theNormansconqueredEngland,commonpeople,15.印刷机,aprintingpress,16.大量新思想,awealthofnewthinking,17.欧洲文艺复兴,theEuropeanRenaissance,18.失控,beoutofcontrol,19.付诸实施,putintopractice,20.个人自由的崇尚者,arespecterofthelibertiesofeachindividual,21.开拓新路,strikeoutnewpath,22.培育了的准则,nourishtheprinciplesof,23.人权,therightsofman,24.知识精英,anintellectualelite,a)Iyoubothaverypleasantjourney.,Directions:Chooseasuitablewordfromthegivenpairstocompletethefollowingsentencesandtrytofigureoutthedifferenceinmeaning.,Synonyms,Somewords,likewishandwant,raiseandrear,royal,kingly