大学英语四级词汇串讲p.ppt

,大学英语四级词汇串讲,I.关于四级的改革,2005年6月18日是旧题型的最后一次考试2006年1月和6月不是试点院校的学院还参加旧题型的考试。2007年1月正式的四级改革开始实行词汇与结构改革后不直接考了,而在阅读、听力、写作、完型等题型中去考,“如果没有语法就很难表达思想，那么，没有词汇就什么也不能表达。”-D.A.Wilkins词汇是语言的建筑材料，是学习语言的根本（听、说、读、写、译）。改革后的新试题，题量大，阅读量大，需要掌握的词汇量也大。无论考不考词汇，单词都必须背!BACK,II.如何背单词、四级考点,4200-4500个单词及这些词构成的常用词组(1000左右)背单词的过程中要抓住四级出题规律，背诵高频词汇。非核心:1800-2000单词(中学已经掌握)核心:常出现的是2000-2500个单词BACK,四级词汇分段记忆出现频率特别高（10个字母）a:ab-/ac-/ad-/as-/at-s:su-/st-t:trans-/te-/tr-c:con-/com-/col-/cor-/co-r:re-i:im-/in-/il-/ir-,contribution,legalillegal,regular-irregular,abandon,access,addition,attention,assist,address,transfer,transform,transport,politeimpolitepatientimpatientportimportaccurate-inaccurate,b:p:-pro/-pree:-ex/-end:-de/-dis2.从来不考的z:/x:/q:j:justify(从来没被选中过)y:yield(yieldto屈服，让步)k:(考过3次)3.其它单词可放在阅读中记忆BACK,progress(walk)preview(see),exportexit,rich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitle,disagreedistribute,科学背单词1)花大量时间记忆单词-“重复是记忆之母”每天至少背100个单词，分成三段1)认知单词（30秒内能反应出单词意思）2)学会单词拼写3)直达词义，不用再切换到汉语意思7天一个时间段第一天背100个，第二天复习前100个，再加上新单词100个200个第七天就不用再记新的单词了，仔细复习前6天的单词一个月左右2500左右重点单词就可以背下来了！,2)在阅读中巩固和复习单词e.g.waterabottleofwaterTherearemanywatersinthisarea.Thegardenneedswatering.WhenIsawdeliciousfood,Iwatered.employDuringtheexamination,youcantemployyourdictionary.BACK,流口水,Theworldarelikeeels.Theyaretooslipperytobekeptinourmemory.,背单词的捷径编故事记单词e.g.(1)scream(2)innocent(3)family(4)qualityquantity(5)adoptadapt(6)ash/bush/cash/abash/crash/clash/smash(7)euthanasia,惊声尖叫,无辜的，清白的,Fatherandmother,Iloveyou.,质量,数量,采纳，领养,适应,碰撞，撞击,（飞机）坠毁,惭愧,打碎，变成碎片,安乐死,词根、词缀记忆法1)able:e.g.enable,unable,ability,capable2)act:todo,todrivee.g.action,actor,actress,active,activity,activate,actual,exact,reactor,interact,transaction3)part:toseparatee.g.parcel,partly,partial,partner,party,participate,participant,particle,particular,apart,apartment,department,compartment,depart,dis-:dislike,disgust,distaste,disorder,distributeen-:enable,entitle,enrich,enlargeim-/-in:con-/-com-ir/-il,常见的前缀:,常见的后缀：-ize:realize,recognize-ify:identify,justify,classify,personify,satisfy-ate(v.):coordinate,illustrate-tion(n.):contribution,implication,imagination,illustration-sion(n.):discussion-ment(n.):treatment,establishment-ity:prosperity,identity(IDcard)-ee:employee-er:employer,secretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamy,意群记忆1）“物质世界”物质的最小成分：atom,particle宇宙太空：universe,solar,lunar最小单位基因：protein,gene,cell水生动物：fish,shellfish爬行动物：reptile,insect飞行动物：bird哺乳动物：mammal猿类：monkey,2)“人类社会”皇家：royalty,dynasty,dictator贵族：nobleman,landlord政府：government,official,administrate选举：election,vote立法：congress,assembly,legislative动荡：disorder,uprising,revolution警察：police,officer监狱：jail,prison武装：army,armedforces战争：war,weapon,surrender,defeat,victory和平：peace,treaty,大家可以随时随地根据某一信息联想记忆单词，比如：一个人骑车走在街上就可以联想到：bicycle,truck,car,vehicle,bus,traffic(jam,light),rushhours,highway,freeway,zebralines,cement,sidewalk,underpass,road,passenger,shops,fence等一个人到医院又能联想到：hospital,doctor,nurse,ward,medicine,cure,treatment,injection,illness,clinic等。,记忆单词生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/deposit/accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetableoilbreezeBuckleup,please.,III.同义词、近义词含义比较,固定词伙关系（固定搭配/约定成俗）看书read看电视watch看电影see看黑板lookat,学知识:learnknowledge学:possess/acquire/obtain/gain/master知识:skill/intellectualdepth/perspective/horizon/insight/wisdom,Owingto_competitionamongtheairlines,travelexpenseshavebeenreducedconsiderably.A.fierceBeagerCstrainedDcriticalfierce(动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定词伙关系是：fiercecompetitioneager:热中,渴望strained:紧崩的，拉紧的critical:一起搭配的常用becriticalof“对进行批评,挑剔”,Thedirectorwascritical_thewayweweredoingthework.AatBinCofDwith,相当大地,A,pierce：v.猛戳，猛刺入,strain：要求超过极限所造成的紧张。tension:紧绷的状态或紧张的局势,包含关系(A包含B，选A)(2)Hiswifeisconstantlyfinding_withhim,whichmakeshimveryangry.AerrorsBshortcomingsCfaultDflawerrors:mistakes/sth.donewronglyfault:错(人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点)shortcomings:(反:merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的优缺点。flaw:指物体或材料上的瑕疵,C,指代关系(3)Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich_thetraffic.AsetbackBstoodbackCheldupDkeptdownSetback:推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）setabout+doing着手、开始做某事setout+todo着手、开始做某事setdown:takedown/putdown/writedownsetoff:出发，离开，起程=setoutsetup安装，创立，建立setaside把留出holdup支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的)standback后退keepdown控制,Havingdecidedtorentaflat,we_contactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.AsetaboutBsetoutCsetdownDsetup,Thecontinuousrain_theharvestingofwheatcropbytwoweeks.,C,词性Manydifficultieshave_asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.ArisenBarisenCraisedDarrived不及物动词及物动词,“提高，提升，饲养，抚养”raisetheflagraisechildren,太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）,指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局面等）的一种出现,B,四级词汇里还有一个表示“上升”的词：soar(通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很高的高度),词根、词缀的关系(5)Thereweresome_flowersonthetable.AartificialBunnaturalCfalseDunrealartificial:人造的，人为的(artifactn.人工制品，加工品)artificiallegartificialleather(genuineleather)unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的abirdofunnaturalsizefalse:假（具有欺骗性的）falsepassport/falsehair/falseteethunreal:虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的）unrealworld,A,Morepractice(6)Thisticket_youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.AgivesBgrantsCentitlesDcredits,givesb.sth.givesth.tosb.,1)grantsb.sth正式授予e.g.Shegrantedmeonemao.(错)2)资助3)takesth.forgranted,1)entitlesb.tosth.2)entitlesb.todosth.使某人有得到某事的权利,1)学分2)greditcard3)greditAtoB把A归咎于Be.g.creditthecaraccidenttothedriverscarelessness,C,(7)Aseasonticket_theholdertomakeasmanyjourneyashewisheswithinthestatedperiodoftime.AentitleBgrantsCpresentsDpromises,“赠与，给与”presentwith,misesb.sth.,A,(8)Everyoneshouldbe_toadecentstandardoflivingandanopportunitytobeeducated.AattributedBentitledCidentifiedDjustified,attributeto归因于,identifysth.withsth.将东西与东西认为是相同的,证明,表明,B,(9)Shecooledthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit_enoughtoeat.AmildBslightClightDtender,温柔的(gentle)吃的东西不辣的,轻微的,少许的e.g.Aslightestchangeoftheschedulemayaffecteveryone.,light反:heavy(rain)清淡的,容易消化的,(肉)嫩的,Wild粗野的，野蛮的Wildanimal,wildhorse,wildflowers,hotspicy,(10)Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis_whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.AlazinessBpovertyCidlenessDinability,lazybones懒骨头,贫穷,穷困poor,无能力,idle:闲置的,闲逛(的),游手好闲e.g.idlecapitalidleawaysometime虚度光阴killtime,C,(11)Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou_thenewcarpet.AcrashBpolluteCspotDstainBACK,crash表示飞机的失事wreck轮船的失事accident汽车的车祸,Thestrongstormdidalotofdamagetothecoastalvillages:severalfishingboatswere_andmanyhousescollapsed.AwreckedBspoiledCtornDinjured,injure:在事故中受伤wound:(刀、枪等）伤hurt:(感情、情感的）伤,n.污点，污迹(点状)v.使有污点spotteddogspitspotchopchip,弄脏,染色(片状污迹),D,IV.形近词,(1)NiagaraFallsisagreattourist_,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.AattentionBattractionCappointmentDarrangement,Payattentionto,tractor:拖拉机attraction:吸引力attractonesattention,正式约会KeepappointmentBreakappointment男女之间的约会：date,(2)Therainwasheavyand_thelandwasflooded.AconsequentlyBcontinuouslyCconstantlyDconsistently,相当于therefore,比较正式，一般在句首,连续地（没有间断性）continually连续地（有间断性，时断时续的）,“始终如一地，恒定地;总是”固定词伙：恒温constanttemperature,“一贯地”固定词伙：consistentpolicy,lightrainraincatsanddogs,A,(3)Ihatepeoplewho_theendofafilmthatyouhaventseenbefore.AreviseBrewriteCrevealDreverseRe-:againrewrite=writeagainreviewreviseRe-:backreturnrejectreverse(转)：颠倒,揭示，揭露,A,(4)Dont_thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.AreleaseBrelieveCrelateDretain,releasesth.tosb.“向某人发布、发行”固定词伙：releaseenergy,减轻痛苦、忧虑等relieveyourpain/worryn.relief固定搭配：toonesrelief使某人宽慰的是,relatesth.tosth.在思想或意义上与有联系berelatedto,保持，保留,A,(5)Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural_.AtraditionBtransportationCtransmissionDtransformation,传送,播送transmitv.,(6)Therewerenotickets_forFridaysperformance.ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable,可得到的,可应用的,可获得的Thedictionaryisavailable.Themanagerisavailable.Thereisnoroom(available)inourhotel.,Considerv.Considerable:值得考虑的,可观的,量大的Considerate:考虑周到的,-prefer(vt.)喜欢-prefertodo-prefertodoratherthan(to)do宁愿而不愿-prefersth.tosth./preferdoingtodoing(prefercoffeetotea),D,Preferable:更合适的,更喜欢的具有比较意义的形容词(不能与more,than,-er连用):superiorto优于-inferiortosecondto仅次于(Imsecondtonone.)Sensitiveto对感到敏感,(7)Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_towardsbrightstudents.ApartialBbeneficialCpreferableDliable,偏爱的partialto/towardsimpartialto/towards不偏不倚的,benefitfrom,liabletosth.遭遇到某事,A,(8)SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful_inthemarket.AbatteriesBbargainsCbasketsDbarrels,装液体的大木桶,便宜货，讨价还价打折discount20%discountv.bargainwithsb.与某人讨价还价bargainaboutsth.就讨价还价,B,(9)Rememberthatcustomersdont_aboutpricesinthatcity.AdebateBconsultCdisputeDbargain,辩论，辩论会,咨询consultant顾问,反驳beyonddispute无可争辩,D,(10)Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthe_lot.AvalidBvainCvacantDvague,具有法律效力的,没人占用而空,暂时没有充满而空反:occupiedempty空空如也,什么也没有,invain徒劳,白费力气,含糊不清的,(11)Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestill_.AblankBhollowCvacantDbare,因为没写字而空,中空的、空心的反：solid,光秃秃的（一般形容土地）bald光头,D,V.动词词组及短语,turnTurndown将音量关小，拒绝Turnup把音量开大；出现Turnout结果是、证明；生产Turnover移交，转交（没有方向性）Turnto求助于，参考Turnin交给，上交,Thiscompanyhasturnedout100cars.,takeover接管handover交给，递给,Referto,makeMakeoutMakefor朝走去Makeoff匆匆地离开某地,逃走MakeupMakeit=succeedindoingsth.(听力中常出现)Makeupfor弥补,补偿,LeaveforShanghai.Makeformyoffice.,组成,构成+数字/百分比bemadeupof组成,构成(被动)补考缓考,takeTakeafter在外貌,性格等方面与父母相象Takeapart(将大型机器)分解，拆开Takeback收回=withdrawTakedown记下,写下Takeeffect生效Takeeffectivesteps/measures采取有效措施Takei