嘉兴海思外语小讲堂：GRE考试介绍.ppt

GRE,研究生入学考试,北美研究生院的考试种类:GREGraduateRecordExamination申请理科、工科和文科的研究生院GMATGraduateManagementAdmissionTest商科LSAT,MCAT.,GRE历史上的几次变革,3,新GRE考查综述,4,每次考试的时间较旧GRE来说有所加长，对考生的体力要求增大，总体时间为3小时45分钟题型方面变化较大，并没有减少题型，而是改变了题型的考查形式对单词记忆的难度降低，但是增加了阅读理解与逻辑分析能力,新GRE是自适应考试,5,第二个SECTION的难度将取决于第一个SECTION的难度所有题目对于最后结果的分数权重一致，与GMAT算分方法不同最后的分数与全部答对的题目数相关，并且和答题目的难度系数相关,新GRE考试具体变化,1考试内容的变化新GRE在考试中取消语文部分的类比和反义题，代之以阅读理解与生活场景题。增加equivalence新题型，阅读题量增加的同时也增加了多选题，句子高亮题。语文部分：时间从原来的30分钟上涨到35分钟，而题量从原来的38道题下降到令人发指的25道！,新GRE考试具体变化,数学部分1,题目的数量从30个下降到25个，而时间从30分钟上升到了40分钟。2，多出了一种题型就是需要自己填数字和符号的填空题，稍微注意一下填空的方式，不要填错，就可以了。,新GRE考试具体变化,阅读题目1文章后面的题目显著变少，相对的文章变多。2题目中更多出现了逻辑分析题型(加强，削弱之类的题目)，3出现了多选题。,新GRE考试具体变化,2考试形式的变化将采用计算机为载体的机考，每月都会举行1到2次考试，语文、数学、写作三个部分一天内全部考完，不再分开考试。考试界面将变得非常友好，每个部分内部增设review和Review修改功能（不可跨越section修改答案），新的“Mark与Review”功能方便考生快速回到先前跳过的题目，允许考生修改编辑已经做出的答案，在数学部分增加在线计算器功能；,新GRE是人性化考试,中途可以改变做题顺序，并且在题目中标选重点题目(mark)可以看到所有的题目列表，并且回顾检查题目(review)数学提供在线计算器进行数学答题考试之中提供10分钟的休息考完即可看到分数，分数会永久记录(permanentpart),10,MARK按钮,11,REVIEW按钮,12,在线计算器,13,算分方法的变化,复习参考,阅读GRE阅读39+3全攻略杨鹏长难句（每天做教程510篇）。写作GRE作文大讲堂-方法,素材,题目剖析、北美范文Issue：40篇Arg：10篇填空陈圣元的GRE句子填空每天做7个练习单词太傻黑宝书,Verbalreasoning题型,16,VERBALREASONING题目数分布,17,GRE填空的能力要求,ETS的官方说明Theverbalabilitymeasureisdesignedtotesttheabilitytoreasonwithwordsinsolvingproblems.Reasoningeffectivelyinaverbalmediumdependsprimarilyupontheabilitytodiscern,comprehend,andanalyzerelationshipsamongwordsorgroupsofwordsandwithinlargerunitsofdiscoursesuchassentencesandwrittenpassages.Discern:understandDiscourse:Adiscourseisaserioustalkorpieceofwritingwhichisintendedtoteachorexplainsomething,GRE填空的能力要求,ETS的官方说明Thepurposeofthesentencecompletionquestionsistomeasuretheabilitytousethevariouskindsofcuesprovidedbysyntaxandgrammartorecognizetheoverallmeaningofasentence.Indecidingwhichoffivewordsorsetsofwordscanbestbesubstitutedforblankspacesinasentence,youmustanalyzetherelationshipsamongthecomponentpartsoftheincompletesentence.Youmustconsidereachanswerchoiceanddecidewhichcompletesthesentenceinsuchawaythatthesentencehasalogicallysatisfyingmeaningandcanbereadasastylisticallyintegratedwhole.Sentencecompletionquestionsprovideacontextwithinwhichtoanalyzethefunctionofwordsastheyrelatetoandcombinewithoneanothertoformameaningfulunitofdiscourse.Syntaxisthewaysthatwordscanbeputtogether,orareputtogether,inordertomakesentencesStylisticdescribesthingsrelatingtothemethodsandtechniquesusedincreatingapieceofwriting,music,orart,句子结构,简单句分析定义：只有一套主谓结构的句子简单句分析的核心：谓语谓语谁发出的动作（主语）谁承受的动作（宾语）或者主语有什么状态（表语）修饰限制成分（定语、状语、同位语）分析重点：成分之间的关系,句子结构,非简单句分析关联元素：连词、关系代词、冒号和分号非简单句分析的核心：关联元素关联元素若干分句分句类型及它们之间的关系分析重点：分句类型和关系,句子结构,FarfromviewingJeffersonasaskepticalbutenlightenedintellectual,historiansofthe1960sportrayedhimasadoctrinairethinker,eagertofilltheyoungwithhispoliticalorthodoxywhilecensoringideashedidnotlike.,句子结构,TheChinese,whobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheancientEgyptians,wereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanityslongestcontinuousdocumentationofnaturalevents.,TheChinesewereassiduousrecord-keepers,andbecauseofthis,canclaimhumanityslongestcontinuousdocumentationofnaturalevents.,WhobegansystematicastronomicalandweatherobservationsshortlyaftertheEgyptians.,句子结构,Yellowfever,thediseasethatkilled4,000Philadelphiansin1793,andsodecimatedMemphis,Tennessee,thatthecitylostitscharter,hasreappearedafternearlytwodecadesinabeyanceintheWesternHemisphere.,Decimate:tocausegreatdestructionorharmto,“十一抽杀律”,公元前471年，罗马共和国早期战争中，罗马人与沃尔斯奇人战斗，用这种方法处罚背叛的士兵。,charter:特许状,YellowFever:黄热病美国的黄热病大流行（1793和1879）,Yellowfever,thedisease,hasreappearedafternearlytwodecadesinabeyanceintheWesternHemisphere.,Thatkilled4,000Philadelphiansin1793,andsodecimatedMemphis,Tennessee.,Thecitylostitscharter.,句子结构的练习方法,把非简单句拆分为若干个简单句以关联元素为拆分点标记各个分句的类型参考各种从句形式对所有简单句进行成分划分和分析，并明确成分之间的关系注意句子的谓语动词写出各分句及整句的中文意思,逻辑关系,逻辑关系真的那么难判断么？需要搞清楚三个问题逻辑关系的识别和层次广义的同义/反义关系收敛逻辑推断,逻辑关系的识别和层次,表示逻辑关系的标志连词、关系代词、动词、冒号、分号、介词短语、分词短语、不定式、副词、固定搭配,逻辑关系的识别和层次,三个层次的逻辑关系句子与句子的逻辑关系关联元素：只需要判断同义或者反义即可原则：有反义逻辑关联元素的就是反义，其余的就是同义。词汇和句子之间的逻辑关系修饰和解释：定语/状语/同位语从句动宾：宾语从句/表语从句主谓：主语从句,逻辑关系的识别和层次,三个层次的逻辑关系词汇之间（包括空格）的逻辑关系语义逻辑：并列、修饰和解释、动宾、主谓、递进、复指方向逻辑：同义和反义判断原则一般情况下，词汇之间的方向逻辑与句子的逻辑一致。否定词改变词汇之间的方向逻辑。,逻辑关系判断的方法：是否有反义？是否有否定？有几个否定？,广义的同义/反义关系,广义的同义关系同义词上/下义词感情色彩相同的词正负方向相同的词逻辑相关的词（动作-结果、人物-特征等）广义的反义关系反义词感情色彩相反的词正负方向相反的词与极端词相对的中性词,上/下义词,词A和词B为上/下义词的条件若AisakindofB,则A是B的下义词，B是A的上义词。举例：apple/fruit;chemistry/science上/下义词之间的关系思考：男人能做的事儿，人一定能做；人能做的事儿，男人不一定能做。对吗？GRE填空的句子是一个有限定范围的语境，所以上/下义词等价。,与极端词相对的中性词,“好”的反义词是什么？坏不好不坏既有好又有坏任何词的反义词都是直接对该词进行否定后的结果,基于收敛逻辑的推断,GRE填空教程是由_编写的。十五岁的小张_。越直接的逻辑关系越正确！背景知识不能作为题目的判断依据!,本书编写组,今年十五岁,逻辑分析实例,AlthoughthefeedingactivitiesofwhalesandwalrusesgivetheseaflooroftheBeringShelfa_appearance,theseactivitiesseemtobeactuallybeneficialtothearea,enhancingitsproductivity.,逻辑分析实例,Heavilyperfumedwhiteflowers,suchasgardenias,werefavoriteswithcollectorsintheeighteenthcentury,when_wasvaluedmuchmorehighlythanitistoday.,逻辑分析实例,Carrutherslatestliterarycriticism_herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof_.,逻辑分析实例,Becausenocomprehensive_existregardingpersonalreadingpractices,wedonotknow,forexample,thegreatestnumberofbooksreadinanindividuallifetime.,逻辑分析实例,Agooddoctorknowsthatknowledgeaboutmedicinewillcontinueto_andthat,therefore,formalprofessionaltrainingcanneverbean_guidetogoodpractice.,语义认知,语义场的表现形式重复原词重复同义重复上下义词重复衍生词重复相关概念重复指代代词指代：代词和被指代对象的数、性、性质必须一致。关系连词指代（when,where,why),语义认知,Dreamsare_inandofthemselves,but,whencombinedwithotherdata,theycantellusmuchaboutthedreamer.Dreamsare_inandofthemselves,but,whencombinedwithotherdata,theycantellusmuchaboutthedreamer.,语义认知,ThespellingsofmanyoldEnglishwordshavebeen_inthelivinglanguage,althoughtheirpronunciationshavechanged.ThespellingsofmanyoldEnglishwordshavebeen_inthelivinglanguage,althoughtheirpronunciationshavechanged.,语义认知,重要概念正负评价正负动作重要方法正负假定法题目中有两个空格，且每个空格都没有语义与之对应。符号简化法句子偏长且概念交织较多时使用方法：用相同的符号替换语义等价的内容；不同的内容用不同的符号替换。,语义认知,Inthemachinelikeworldofclassicalphysics,thehumanintellectappears_,sincethemechanicalnatureofclassicalphysicsdoesnot_creativereasoning,theveryabilitythathadmadetheformulationofclassicalprinciplespossible.,语义认知,Inthemachinelikeworldofclassicalphysics,thehumanintellectappears_,sincethemechanicalnatureofclassicalphysicsdoesnot_creativereasoning,theveryabilitythathadmadetheformulationofclassicalprinciplespossible.InA,Bappears_,sinceAdoesnot_B.,语义认知,Naturesenergyefficiencyoften_humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency_thefireflyssystem.,语义认知,Naturesenergyefficiencyoften_humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency_thefireflyssystem.Aoften_B:;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedBwhoseefficiency_A.,语义认知,Agooddoctorknowsthatknowledgeaboutmedicinewillcontinueto_andthat,therefore,formalprofessionaltrainingcanneverbean_guidetogoodpractice.,语义认知,Agooddoctorknowsthatknowledgeaboutmedicinewillcontinueto_andthat,therefore,formalprofessionaltrainingcanneverbean_guidetogoodpractice.AknowsthatBwillcontinueto_andthat,therefore,Bcanneverbean_guidetoA.,词汇理解,常用的查词词典MerriamWebsterCollegiateDictionary(the11thEdition)AmericanHeritageDictionary什么时候需要查韦氏词典？参考答案无法理解时句子含义无法理解时查完字典以后用新的解释覆盖旧的记忆,词汇理解,重点掌握的词汇四级词汇（语言基础）动词形容词（尤其是修饰抽象名词的）抽象名词表示逻辑关系的副词不重要的词汇程度副词实体名词,一空题样题,51,OGP50InpartsoftheArctic,thelandgradesintothelandfasticeso-thatyoucanwalkoffthecoastandnotknowyouareoverthehiddensea.permanently(B)imperceptibly(C)irregularly(D)Precariously(E)slightly,两空题样题,52,OGP50Vainandpronetoviolence,Caravaggiocouldnothandlesuccess:themorehis(i)_asanartistincreased,themore(ii)_hislifebecame.,三空题样题,53,OGP49Itisrefreshingtoreadabookaboutourplanetbyanauthorwhodoesnotallowfactstobe(i)bypolitics:wellawareofthepoliticaldisputesabouttheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonclimateandbiodiversity,thisauthordoesnotpermitthemto(ii)hiscomprehensivedescriptionofwhatweknowaboutourbiosphere.Heemphasizestheenormousgapsinourknowledge,thesparsenessofourobservations,andthe(iii),callingattentiontothemanyaspectsofplanetaryevolutionthatmustbebetterunderstoodbeforewecanaccuratelydiagnosetheconditionofourplanet.,同义句题样题,OGP52Althoughitdoescontainsomepioneeringideas,onewouldhardlycharacterizetheworkas_.OrthodoxEccentricOriginalTriflingConventionalinnovative,54,同义句题样题,OGP52Itwasherviewthatthecountrysproblemshadbeen_byforeigntechnocrats,sothattoaskforsuchassistanceagainwouldbecounterproductive.AmelioratedAscertainedDiagnosedExacerbatedOverlookedworsened,55,Ameliorate:improveAscertain:findout,makecertainofsomethingExacerbate:makeworse,GRE填空题考查的能力,56,GRE填空考查能力之学术英语能力,57,书面语的特点：除了普遍抽象含义以外，具有抽象具体含义,angry,indignation,Feelingofangerandsurprisebecauseyoufeelinsultedorunfairlytreated.,Outrage,enrage,Ifsomethingoutragesyou,itmakesyoufeelextremelyshocked,angry,orupset.,wrath,Extremeanger,aformalorold-fashionedword.,GRE填空考查能力之学术英语能力,58,EX10.8.FarfromviewingJeffersonasaskepticalbutenlightenedintellectual,historiansofthe1960sportrayedhimas_thinker,eagertofilltheyoungwithhispoliticalorthodoxywhilecensoringideashedidnotlike.(A)anadventurous(B)adoctrinaire(C)aneclectic(D)adictatorial(E)ajudicious(F)acynical,doctrinaire:certainthatyourbeliefsoropinionsarecorrectandunwillingtochangethem（教条主义）cynical:believingtheworstofhumannatureandmotives.dictatorial:characteristicofanabsoluterulerorabsoluterule;havingabsolutesovereigntyEclectic:someonewhoselectsaccordingtotheeclecticmethod（折中主义）,GRE填空考查能力之学术英语能力,59,EX25.10Scientistspristinereputationasdevoteesofthedisinterestedpursuitoftruthhasbeen_byrecentevidencethatsomescientistshavedeliberately_experimentalresultstofurthertheirowncareers.,pristine:completelyfreefromdirtorcontamination.immaculatelycleanandunusedresuscitate:causetoregainconsciousness,GRE填空题考查的能力,60,GRE填空考查能力之阅读能力,61,EX19.3Yellowfever,thediseasethatkilled4,000Philadelphiansin1793,andso_Memphis,Tennessee,hasreappearedafternearlytwodecadesin_intheWesternHemisphere.,Decimate:killinlargenumbers;Abeyance:temporarycessationorsuspensionQuarantine:placeintoenforcedisolation,asformedicalreasons;,GRE填空考查能力之学术英语能力,62,EX10.8.FarfromviewingJeffersonasaskepticalbutenlightenedintellectual,historiansofthe1960sportrayedhimas_thinker,eagertofilltheyoungwithhispoliticalorthodoxywhilecensoringideashedidnotlike.(A)anadventurous(B)adoctrinaire(C)aneclectic(D)adictatorial(E)ajudicious(F)acynical,doctrinaire:certainthatyourbeliefsoropinionsarecorrectandunwillingtochangethem（教条主义）cynical:believingtheworstofhumannatureandmotives.dictatorial:characteristicofanabsoluterulerorabsoluterule;havingabsolutesovereigntyEclectic:someonewhoselectsaccordingtotheeclecticmethod（折中主义）,GRE填空考查能力之学术英语能力,63,EX25.10Scientistspristinereputationasdevoteesofthedisinterestedpursuitoftruthhasbeen_byrecentevidencethatsomescientistshavedeliberately_experimentalresultstofurthertheirowncareers.,pristine:completelyfreefromdirtorcontamination.immaculatelycleanandunusedresuscitate:causetoregainconsciousness,GRE填空题考查的能力,64,GRE填空考查能力之阅读能力,65,EX19.3Yellowfever,thediseasethatkilled4,000Philadelphiansin1793,andso_Memphis,Tennessee,hasreappearedafternearlytwodecadesin_intheWesternHemisphere.,Decimate:killinlargenumbers;Abeyance:temporarycessationorsuspensionQuarantine:placeintoenforcedisolation,asformedicalreasons;,GRE填空题考查的能力,66,GRE填空考查能力之逻辑分析能力1,OGEX1.1Atfirst,Ifoundhergravityratherintimidating;but,asIsawmoreofher,Ifoundthat_wasverynearthesurface.seriousness(B)confidence(C)laughter(D)poise(E)determination,67,Gravity:amannerthatisseriousandsolemn.asolemnanddignifiedfeeling,GRE填空考查能力之逻辑分析能力2,旧GRE经典题目：Oldage,evenincultureswhereitis_,isoftenviewedwith_.A.venerated.ambivalenceB.rare.surpriseC.ignored.condescensionD.feared.dismayE.honored.respect,68,Venerate:respectDismay:lowersomeonesspirits;makedownhearted;ambivalence:mixedfeelingsoremotionscondescension:thetraitofdisplayingarrogancebypatronizingthoseconsideredinferior,题目解答的基本原则,ThetransitionfromthePaleolithictotheNeolithiceraisviewedbymostarthistoriansasa_,because,insteadofanincreasingly_pictorialart,wefinddegeneration.(Ex.54-2,P.107)(A)milestonedebased(B)consolidationdiverse(C)calamityaberrant(D)regressionsophisticated(E)continuationimproved,GRE逻辑填空样题,好人是_牛的B.慷慨的C.不坏的D.令人景仰的E.好色的,GRE逻辑填空样题,秦始皇，中国历史上的第一个皇帝，是一个_皇帝。残暴的B.伟大的C.好色的D.奢侈的E.勤政的,GRE逻辑填空样题,秦始皇，中国历史上的第一个皇帝，是一个_皇帝；他不分昼夜，每天批阅大臣上奏的关于政务的竹简令人难以置信的达到数百斤。残暴的B.伟大的C.好色的D.奢侈的E.勤政的,GRE逻辑填空样题,Melodramaswerepopularpreciselybecausetheyofferedtheaudienceaworld_of_.A.bereft.theatricalityB.composed.adversityC.full.circumstantialityD.deprived.polarityE.devoid.neutrality,Amelodramaisastoryorplayinwhichtherearealotofexcitingorsadeventsandinwhichpeoplesemotionsareveryexaggerated.Circumstantiality:detail,GRE逻辑填空样题,Melodramas,whichdidnotpresentneutralsituations,werepopularpreciselybecausetheyofferedtheaudienceaworld_of_.A.bereft.theatricalityB.composed.adversityC.full.circumstantialityD.deprived.polarityE.devoid.neutrality,GRE逻辑填空样题,Melodramas,whichpresentthestarkoppositionsbetweeninnocenceandcriminality,virtueandcorruption,goodandevil,werepopularpreciselybecausetheyofferedtheaudienceaworld_of_.A.bereft.theatricalityB.composed.adversityC.full.circumstantialityD.deprived.polarityE.devoid.neutrality,GRE填空题逻辑关系考查的基本形式,EX9.3ThespellingsofmanyOldEnglishwordshavebeen_inthelivinglanguage,althoughtheirpronunciationshavechanged.A.preservedB.shortenedC.preemptedD.revisedE.improved,76,考查空格和已有成分之间的逻辑关系,Ifyoupre-emptanaction,youpreventitfromhappeningbydoingsomethingwhichmakesitunnecessaryorimpossible,GRE填空题逻辑关系考查的基本形式,EX23-1Althoughtherevelationthatoneofthecontestantswasafriendleftthejudgeopentochargesoflackof_,thejudgeremainedadamantinherassertionthatacquaintancedidnotnecessarilyimply_.,77,考查空格与空格之间的逻辑关系,Exoneration:theconditionofbeingrelievedfromblameorobligation,GRE填空题的两大基本原则,78,GRE填空题的两大基本原则,79,公平原则,WhereastheartcriticVasarisawthepaintingentitledtheMonaLisaasanoriginalandwonderful_feat,thereproductionofanaturalobject,theaesthetessawitas_thatrequireddeciphering.,deciphering:Ifyoudecipherapieceofwritingoramessage,youworkoutwhatitsays,eventhoughitisverydifficulttoreadorunderstand.Emulation:ambitiontoequalorexcelaberration:Ifsomeoneconsidersapersonortheirbehaviourtobeanaberration,theythinkthattheyarestrangeandnotsociallyacceptable,背景知识,瓦萨里（1511-1574），意大利画家、建筑师和艺术历史学家，代表作是LivesoftheMostImminentItalianArchitects,Painters,andSculptors（1550）梦娜丽莎微笑之谜:500年来，人们一直对蒙娜丽莎神秘的微笑莫衷一是。不同的观者或在不同的时间去看，感受似乎都不同。有时觉得她笑得舒畅温柔，有时又显得严肃，有时像是略含哀伤，有时甚至显出讥嘲和揶揄。在一幅画中，光线的变化不能像在雕塑中产生那样大的差别。但在蒙娜丽莎的脸上，微暗的阴影时隐时现，为她的双眼与唇部披上了一层面纱。而人的笑容主要表现在眼角和嘴角上，达芬奇却偏把这些部位画得若隐若现，没有明确的界线，因此才会有这令人捉摸不定的“神秘的微笑”。荷兰阿姆斯特丹的一所大学应用“情感识别软件”分析出蒙娜丽莎的微笑包含的内容及比例：高兴83%，厌恶9%，恐惧6%，愤怒2%。1993年，加拿大美术史家苏珊吉鲁公布了一项令人震惊的研究成果。她说蒙娜丽莎那倾倒无数观赏者的口唇，是一个男子裸露的脊背。旋转90度后从镜中看蒙娜丽莎抿着的笑唇，恰好是一个背部线条分明的结实男性脊背以及左臂和肘部的一角；再说，表现人体美和呼唤人性的觉醒，既是大师的人生哲学，又是他的艺术观。,GRE填空题的两大基本原则,81,GRE填空题的两大基本原则,EX9.2Heavilyperfumedwhiteflowers,suchasgardenias,werefavoriteswithcollectorsintheeighteenthcentury,when_wasvaluedmuchmorehighlythanitistoday.A.ScentB.beautyC.eleganceD.colorE.variety,82,同义重复逻辑关系,GRE填空题的两大基本原则,EX10.3Dreamsare_inandofthemselves,but,whencombinedwithotherdata,theycantellusmuchaboutthedreamer.A.uninformativeB.startlingC.harmlessD.unregulatedE.uncontrollable,83,反义重复逻辑关系,题目设计的基本原则,正确答案“合理且必然”题目解答与知识、记忆、背景无关空格判断要逻辑收敛,题目设计的基本原则,QueenElizabethIhasquitecorrectlybeencalleda_ofthearts,becausemanyyoungartistsreceivedherpatronage.(Ex.27-5,P.54)(A)connoisseur(B)critic(C)friend(D)scourge(E)judge,Friend:Onewhosupports,sympathizeswith,orpatronizesagroup,cause,ormovement,GRE填空题的普遍解题步骤,86,题目解答的基本原则,题目分析逻辑定正反，语义定内容。逻辑判断越直接的逻辑关系越是正确的逻辑关系“十五岁的小张今年十五岁”语义判断遇到重复立刻标记遇到代词立刻明确其指代对象,题目解答的基本原则,Regression：Whenpeopleorthingsregress,theyreturntoanearlierandlessadvancedstageofdevelopment.Aberrant：Aberrantmeansunusualandnotsociallyacceptable,题目解答的基本原则,Thedisjunctionbetweeneducationalobjectivesthatstressindependenceandindividualityandthosethatemphasizeobediencetorulesandcooperationwithothersreflectsa_thatarisesfromthevaluesonwhichtheseobjectivesarebased.(Ex.55-2,P.109)(A)conflict(B)redundancy(C)gain(D)predictability(E)wisdom,题目解答的基本原则,Thedisjunctionbetweeneducationalobjectivesthatstressindependenceandindividualityandthosethatemphasizeobediencetorulesandcooperationwithothersreflectsa_thatarisesfromthevaluesonwhichtheseobjectivesarebased.(Ex.55-2,P.109)(A)conflict(B)redundancy(C)gain(D)predictability(E)wisdom,题目解答的基本原则,Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately_andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.(Ex.47-1,P.93)(A)independent(B)stable(C)curious(D)social(E)proprietary,题目解答的基本原则,Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately_andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.(Ex.47-1,P.93)(A)independent(B)stable(C)curious(D)social(E)proprietarySanctuary：避难所inveterately:inahabitualandlong-standingmanner;,Social:Livingtogetherinorganizedgroupsorsimilarcloseaggregates,常规解题步骤,因为小王是一个好人，所以人们都认为他_。思考过程空格要填的是形容词，描述“他”的特性。“他”对应“小王”；已知部分对小王的描述是“好人”，与空格构成语义对应。句子中无反义逻辑，无否定词，故空格与对应语义为同义关系。空格填入“好”的意思。,好,常规的解题步骤,确定句子中空格的功能功能：词性、作用（修饰、限制、说明、动作）先确定哪个空格没有限制确定与空格相关的概念形容词：被修饰的名词性概念动词：被谁修饰、发出和承受动作的主体名词：修饰它的成分、发出和承受的动作、对谁做了动作以及谁对它做了动作副词：被修饰的动词、形容词、副词、句子等,常规的解题步骤,确定与空格相关的逻辑关系注意体现逻辑关系的标志：关联词、动词、修饰（解释）成分等注意不同层次的逻辑关系：同义和反义注意否定词对词汇方向逻辑的改变注意使用正负假定法判断两个空格之间的逻辑关系,常规的解题步骤,确定与空格相关的语义根据关系寻找对应元素注意使用符号简化法判断语义对应关系选择与自主判断一致的词汇进行填空可以根据含义、感情色彩和正负关系进行判断,常规的解题步骤,理解句意检查逻辑和语义是否契合理解句意的好处更好地理解句子填空的设计思想和解题原则有助于提高句子理解能力有助于拓展知识面（隐性知识）,填空题解答“六步法”,功能概念逻辑语义词汇句意,背单词uncertaintyExigency:crisis,urgentsituation