中考英语阅读理解解题技巧(精).ppt

阅读理解解题技巧,阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,广东2007年考题要求考生能读懂书报杂志中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告说明广告等,并能从中获取相关的信息。1理解主旨和要义2理解文中的具体位置3根据上下文推断生词的词义4作出判断和推理5理解文章的基本结构6理解作者的意图观点和态度,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词义猜测型,命题类,推理判断型,StepTwo:HowtoDealingwiththeProblemsonReadingComprehension,一、主旨大意题（做题要领）,1.干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。,2.干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,阅读理解基础训练,BasicTraining,-主旨大意题,Passage1InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustraliansbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能满足的）society.,练习题,细节题,解释,Question:WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.,文章,解释,【解析】答案为C。takesth.awayofsb.和castsb.sth.的意思相似。本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,阅读理解基础训练,BasicTraining,-事实细节型,Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275,Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.,解释,文章,Passage2Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows,练习题,解释,第三节,【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275【解析】答案为C。根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出C符合图表内容。,文章,同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做题要领,阅读理解基础训练,BasicTraining,-词义猜测型,Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewi-vesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的).,解释,第四节,解释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的（educated）和没有受过教育的（illiterate）；住在城市的（urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选C项。,本题答案选C,推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?,阅读理解基础训练,BasicTraining,-推理判断型,Oneofthethingstobelearntinaforeignlanguageisguessingallthetimewhatkindofthingtocomewhenlisteningtosomeonetalking.Peopledothisallthetimeintheirownlanguage,soitisnecessary(必要的)todothisinaforeignlanguage,too.Herearesomeexamples.1.Whatsthematter？Iwenttoapartylastnight,soI2.Ifeelsotiredthesedays.Ithinkyoudbetter3.Ofcourse,sheneverstopstalking.SheisoneofthemostYoucanseefromtheabovethreeexamplesthatthecontext(上下文)helpsalotinunderstandingwhatisbeingtalkedabout.SoguessingisveryimportantinunderstandingEnglish,especially(尤其)spokenEnglish.,练习题,解释,P5,Q:Fromthepassagewecaninfer(推断)thatguessingis_inlearningaforeignlanguage.A.theonlywayB.moreimportantinspokenEnglishthaninwrittenEnglishC.moreimportantthananyotherwayD.moreimportantinwrittenEnglishthaninspokenEnglish,文章,B,解析：文章提到猜测语言意思对学习外语来说非常重要。猜测意思不是学习英语的唯一方法，但对学习英语，尤其是口语，起到重要的作用。,文章,研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力，因此有关阅读理解题目更为重要的是:主旨大意型推理判断型,summary,Oneofthethingstobelearntinaforeignlanguageisguessingallthetimewhatkindofthingtocomewhenlisteningtosomeonetalking.Peopledothisallthetimeintheirownlanguage,soitisnecessary(必要的)todothisinaforeignlanguage,too.Herearesomeexamples.1.Whatsthematter？Iwenttoapartylastnight,soI2.Ifeelsotiredthesedays.Ithinkyoudbetter3.Ofcourse,sheneverstopstalking.SheisoneofthemostYoucanseefromtheabovethreeexamplesthatthecontext(上下文)helpsalotinunderstandingwhatisbeingtalkedabout.SoguessingisveryimportantinunderstandingEnglish,especially(尤其)spokenEnglish.,1.Thispassagetellsusmainlyabout_.A.theimportanceofguessinginlearningaforeignlanguageB.howtoguesswhatoneisgoingtotalkaboutC.someexamplesofrightguessingD.howimportantitistoguessallthetime2.Fromthecontext,wecanseemaybethefinishedanswerinEXAMPLEIis_.A.soIdidnthaveagoodtime.B.soIwenttobedverylate.C.SoIfeltunhappy.D.soIgotupveryearly.,A,B,3.Maybethefinished