定语从句(revised2).ppt

定语从句专题讲座,学习定语从句的关键是如何选择关联词。关联词在句中作状语就应使用关系副词.(where,when,why等。)否则使用关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that等。),一、在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。需要学习和掌握的定语从句有以下三种：由关系代词或关系副词引导的定语从句。由介词+which引导的定语从句。非限制性定语从句。,who,whom,二、Who,whom,whose引导的定语从句：(who作主语,whom作宾语，whose用作定语，同时whose还可以指物，相当于ofwhich。)e.g.:1)Thisisthedoctor_savedthebabyslife.2)Heisthestudent_theteacherpraisedatthemeeting.,3)Iknowthegirl_motherdiedayearago.4)Haveyouseenthenotebook_coverisblack?,whose,whose,which,which,which,inwhich,which,三、由which引导的定语从句：(which在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。)1.Thisisthestore_opensallnight.2.Thisisthepen_mybrotherboughtforme.3.IsthistheHouse_LuXunoncelived?(orIsthisthehouse_LuXunoncelivedin?)4.Thisisthemagazine_youarelookingfor.,Notes:which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语，介词一般可置关系代词之前或放在从句原来的位置。但在含有介词的动词固定短语中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在which之前，如不能说：Thisisthemagazineforwhichyouarelooking.,四、由that引导的定语从句,可以指人或物，代替who,whom,which.1.在定语从句中that在从句中作主语、宾语，但不能放在介词后作介词宾语：、,E.g.:1)Thisisthephoto_ItookinBeijinglastyear.2)Thisistheman_livesnextdoor.3)Isthistheprofessor_youtalkedaboutyesterday?(about不能放在that前面。),that/which,that/who,that/whom,但下列情况只能用that。1.序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时用that。E.g.:1)Thisisoneofthebestnovels_Ihaveeverread.2)ThefirstEnglishsong_IlearnedwasABCsong.,that,that,2.All,much,everything,nothing,something,anything作先行词时用that.E.g.:1)Everything_wesawattheexhibitiongreatlyinterestedus.2)Isthereanything_belongstoyou?3)All_weneedismoretime.4)Nothing_theparentsdodoesntinfluencetheirchildren.,that,that,that,that,3.先行词为only、very等修饰时用that。E.g.:1)Thatistheonlyway_wecanfindatpresent.2)Thisisthetwelfthletter_shehasreceivedfromhim.3)Thisistheverymuseum_wevisitedforthefirsttime.,that,that,that,4.that可以用来引导限制性定语从句，当它在从句中作介宾时，介词应后移。E.g.:Thisisthegoodstudentthattheteacherstalkedaboutjustnow.,5.先行词既指人又指物的并列名词时，用that.E.g.:Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthethingsandpersons_theyrememberedintheschool.,that,六、关系副词引导的定语从句when,where,why关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。,关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用.,Illremembertheday_IwenttoLondon.我会记着我去伦敦的那一天的。Beijingistheplace_Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereason_herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？,when(onwhich),where(inwhich),why(forwhich),判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：从句中的谓语动词:及物动词后面无宾语，用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：1.Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedlastyear.2.Illneverforgetthedays_Iworkedwithyou.,where,when,判断改错1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.4.Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.,（F）,（F）,（T）,（T）,方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1.Thisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2Thisisthemuseum_Ivisitedafewdaysago.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone3.Thismuseumis_Ivisitedafewdaysago.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,D,A,B,1.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2Isthisthemuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone3.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,A,B,D,五、非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句对先行词起限制作用，而非限制性定语从句是对概念清楚的先行词加以追加阐述或补充说明.,1.非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导，作宾语的关系代词不能省略，从句与主句用逗号分开.,1)YesterdayIsawyourbrother,_toldmethegoodnewsofyourmothersrecoveryfromherillness.2)Iwenttoseetheirnewhouse,_Ilikedverymuch.3)LastSaturdaytheyreachedShanghai,_ameetingistobeheld.,who,which,where,2.在非限制性定语从句中as与which可以把整个主句作为其先行词，其区别如下：1)从意义上来看which可以译为“这/那”；as译为“正如、象”。,Heisateacher,which(as)isclearfromhismanner或Heisateacher,as(which)canbeseenfromhismanner.Thestudentforgottobringhisdictionary,asisoftenthecase.（此句中as不能用which代。）,2)which一般置于主句之后;as引导的从句可置于主句之前，亦可置于主句之后;as常与know,see,expect,announce,pointout等连用。,a)ThispoemiswrittenbyScott,_almosteverybodyknows.b)Thispoem,_almosteverybodyknows,iswrittenbyScott.c)_almosteverybodyknows，thispoemiswrittenbyScott.d)Oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth,_wehaveseen.e)_iswell-knowntousall,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.,as,as,as,As,As,3)as常用于thesameas,suchas句型中，在这些句型中as引导的限制性定语从句。,Ilikethethesameclothes_sheiswearing.b)Hewasgreatlyinterestedinsuchtopics_theywerediscussing.,as,as,练习：用适当的关系代词或关系副词：1.YesterdayImetDoctorWang_toldmethegoodnewsofhissonspassingtheexamination.2.Thetwopupils_youtaughtthreeyeasagohavebecometeachers.3.HebegantoworkinBeijingintheyear_NewChinawasfounded.4.Idontknowthereason_shedidntagreetoourplan.5.Thiswasasoldier_diedinthewarofResistance.,who/that,who/that/whom,when,why,who/that,6.Hetoldeverything_hehadseeninthetrafficaccident.7.ThiswasthebestmodeloftheTVset_thefactoryproducedlastyear.8.TheyhavevisitedtheMuseumofChineseHistory_PremierZhouslifeanddeedsarebeingshown.9.Alice,_dressisallred,looksverypretty.10.Thefirstthing_Iamgoingtodothiseveningistowriteareportabouttheexperiment.,that,that,where,whose,that,11._iswell-knowntousall,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.WhichB.thatC.asD.who12.Heisateacher,_iscl