泛读教程第三册第二单元.ppt

SchoolandEducation,UnitTwo,Quotations,Themostvaluableknowledgeofmineisnotlearnedinschoolsbutbymyself.,Quotations,Theteacherisonewhomakestwoideasgrowwhereonlyonegrewbefore.ElbertHubbard,Quotations,Teachingismoreaboutguidancethanassurance.Theteacherissupposedtoguidethestudentsontoacoursethatleadstotheend.叶圣陶,Quotations,Partofteachingishelpingstudentslearntotolerateambiguity,considerpossibilities,andaskquestionsthatareunanswerableBillMoyers,Theentireobjectoftrueeducationistomakepeoplenotmerelydotherightthings,butenjoytherightthings.JohnRuskin,Paraphrase,1.Whenpeoplethinkofthewordeducation,theythinkofapupilasasortofanimatesausagecasing.2.Butgenuineeducationisnotinsertingthestuffingsofinformationintoaperson,butratherelicitingknowledgefromhim;itisthedrawingoutofwhatisinthemind.3.Lookintoyourownselves,andfindthesparksoftruththatGodhasputintoeveryheart,andthatonlyyoucankindletoflame.,Paraphrase,4.becausetheprinciplesandaxiomsofgeometryarealreadyinhismind,waitingtobecalledout.5.Somanyofthediscussionsandcontroversiesaboutthecontentsofeducationarefutileandinconclusive6.Hewasbeingsostuffedwithmiscellaneousfacts,withsuchanindigestiblemassofmaterial,thathehadnotime(andwasgivennoencouragement)todrawonhisownresources,tousehisownmindforanalyzingandsynthesizingandevaluatingthismaterial,Paraphrase,7.Education,tohaveanymeaningbeyondthepurposeofcreatingwell-informeddunces,mustelicitfromthepupilwhatislatentineveryhumanbeingtherulesofreason,theinnerknowledgeofwhatisproperformentobeanddo.8.PupilsaremorelikeoystersthansausagesTherearepearlsineachofus,ifonlyweknewhowtocultivatethemwithardorandpersistence.,ReadingFourU.S.KidsNeedMoreSchoolTime,Structure,PartI:01-04Thehistoryofschoolcalendarandwhythereisamismatch.PartII:05-09ThereasonsforchangingschoolcalendarandpossibleoppositionPartIII:10-11BoyerssuggestionsPartIV:12Theconclusionandcallingonaction,Paraphrase,1.Thekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofonce-and-futurestudentsonmywaytoworkthesemornings.2.Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.3.Likeotherswhofallthroughthecracksoftheirparentsmakeshiftplansaweekwithrelatives,adayattheplaygroundtheyhangout.,Paraphrase,4.Formuchofourhistory,afterall,Americansframedtheschoolyeararoundtheneedsofworkandfamily.5.Thesix-hourday,the180-dayschoolyearisregardedassomethingsacrosanct.6.Dr.Boyerisoneofmanywhobelievethatradicalrevisionoftheschoolcalendarisinevitable.“School,whetherwelikeitornot,iscustodialandeducational.”,Paraphrase,7.Schoolsareroutinelyburdenedwiththejobofsolvingalloutsocialproblems.Cantheybeaskednowtosynchronizewithourworkandfamilylife?8.Itmaybeeasiertopromotealongerschoolyearonitseducationalmeritsand,indeed,theeducationalcaseiscompelling.9.Thelongsummersofforgettingtakeatoll.,Paraphrase,10.Butthecruxoftheconflicthasbeenovermoney.11.Thethirdstepwillbethehardest:atrueoverhauloftheschoolyear.Once,schoolwascarefullycalibratedtoarrangechildrensschedulesaroundtheedgesoffamilyneeds.,CheckYourComprehension,A.1.T2.T3.F4.T5.F,B.1.a2.b3.d4.d5.a6.d,CheckYourComprehension,1.Whatistrueeducationaccordingtotheauthor?2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythecomparisonofstudentstosausagesandoysters?3.Cananordinarypersonwithoutanyschoolingdealwithageometricalproblem?4.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatmanydiscussionsaboutthecontentofeducationareuseless?5.Whydoesthecollegestudentmentionedbytheauthorinthearticlenothappywithhisstudy?,CheckYourVocabulary,1.a2.b3.d4.c5.a6.d,GroupDiscussion,1.Definewhattrueeducationisinyourownterms.2.How,accordingtoyourownexperience,domostteachersinChinateach?3.Doyouhavetimeforreadinganddoingwhatyouarereallyinterestedinasauniversitystudent?4.Haveyourteacherstreatedyoulikeasausageorlikeanoyster?Doyouhaveadifferentcomparisontodescribeyourpersonalexperience?,TeachingPracticeintheUS,Mostprofessorsseetheirroleashelpingstudentstoacquirelearningskillsratherthaninstructingstudents.Theybelievethateveryindividualhasthecapabilitytodiscoverknowledgeforhimselforherselfandthatthismodeoflearningissuperiortorotememorizationoffacts.Theyrespecttheknowledgeandexperiencesstudentsbringtotheclass.Studentsareexpectedtospeakupandnotjusthavementaldiscussionsintheirownhead.,GradingSystemintheUS,Paraphrase,1.Sometimeago,IreceivedacallfromacolleaguewhoaskedifIwouldbetherefereeonthegradingofanexaminationquestion.2.Theinstructorandthestudentagreedtosubmitthistoanimpartialarbiter,andIwasselected.3.Ipointedoutthatthestudentreallyhadastrongcaseforfullcredit,sincehehadansweredthequestioncompletelyandcorrectly.,Paraphrase,4.Ahighgradeissupposedtocertifycompetenceinphysics,buttheanswerdidnotconfirmthis.5.Inthenextminute,hedashedoffhisanswer,whichread:6.HeconcededandIgavethestudentalmostfullcredit.,Paraphrase,7.Forexample,youcouldtakethebarometeroutonasunnydayandmeasuretheheightofthebarometer,thelengthofitsshadow,andthelengthoftheshadowofthebuilding,andbytheuseofasimpleproportion,determinetheheightofthebuilding.8.Ifyouwantamoresophisticatedmethod,youcantiethebarometertotheendofastring,swingitasapendulum,anddeterminethevalueofgatthestreetlevelandatthetopofthebuilding.Fromthedifferencebetweenthetwovaluesofg,theheightofthebuildingcan,inprinciple,becalculated.,Paraphrase,9.Headmittedthathedid,butsaidthathewasfedupwithhighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothink,tousethe“scientificmethod,”andtoexplorethedeepinnerlogicofthesubjectinapedanticway10.Withthisinmind,hedecidedtorevivescholasticismasanacademiclarktochallengetheSputnik-panickedclassroomsofAmerica.,CheckYourComprehensionA,1.T2.T3.T4.F5.F6.F,CheckYourComprehensionB,1.Takethebarometertothetopofthebuilding,attachalongropetoit,lowerthebarometertothestreet,andthenbringitupandmeasurethelengthoftherope.Thelengthoftheropeistheheightofthebuilding.2.Takethebarometertothetopofthebuildingandleanovertheedgeoftheroof.Dropthebarometerandtimeitsfallwithastopwatch.Then,usetheformulaS=at2tocalculatetheheightofthebuilding.3.Takethebarometeroutonasunnydayandmeasuretheheightofthebarometer,thelengthoftheitsshadow,andthelengthofthebuilding.Youwillgettheheightofthebuildingwiththeuseofasimpleproportion.,CheckYourComprehensionB,4.Takethebarometerandwalkupthestairs.Asyouclimbthestairs,markoffthelengthofthebarometeralongthewall.Thencountthenumberofthemarks,andthiswillgivetheheightofthebuildinginbarometerunits.5.Tiethebarometertotheendofastringandswingitasapendulumanddeterminethevalueofgatthestreetlevelandatthetopofthebuilding.Theheightofthebuildingcan,inprinciple,becalculatedfromthedifferencebetweenthetwovaluesofg.6.Takethebarometertothebasementandknockonthesuperintendentsdoor.Tellhimyouwillgivehimthebarometerasanexchangeifhetellsyoutheheightofthebuilding.,CheckYourVocabulary,1.Ajudgeshouldbeimpartial.2.Thependulumofpublicopinionhasswungback.3.Hewasmeticulous,butneverpedantic.4.Theyfailedtofulfilltheirpromisestorevivetheeconomy.5.Shedashedoffaquickletterexcusinghimfromschoolthatday.6.Theproportionofmentowomeninthepopulationhaschangedinrecentyears.7.Iamgettingfedupwithyourstupidcomments.8.IagreewithitinprinciplebutIdoubtitwillhappeninpractice.,InPraiseoftheFWord,Paraphrase,1.Theirvaliditywillbequestionedonlywhentheiremployersdiscoverthatthesegraduatesaresemi-literate.2.There,highschoolgraduatesandhighschooldropoutspursuinggraduateequivalencycertificateswilllearntheskillstheyshouldhavelearnedinschool.3.Nowritersblockhere.,Paraphrase,4.But,asIrediscovereachtimeIwalkintotheclassroom,beforeateachercanexpectstudentstoconcentrate,hehastogettheirattention,nomatterwhatdistractionsmaybeathand.5.Thatistorevealthetrumpcardoffailure.6.Ouryoungest,aworld-classcharmer,didlittletodevelophisintellectualtalents,butalwaysgotby.,Paraphrase,7.Iurged,believingtheembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettledown.8.IregainedmycomposureandmanagedtosaythatIthoughtshewasright.9.Iseeaparadeofstudentswhoareangryandresentfulforhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup.,Paraphrase,10.mostkidsdontputschoolfirstontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatstake.Theydratherbesailing.11.Flunkingasaregularpolicyhasjustasmuchmerittodayasitdidtwogenerationsago.12.However,makingitworkagainwouldtakeadedicated,caringconspiracybetweenteachersandparents.13.whileitmightsavethemgrieffortheshorttermdoomsthemtolong-termilliteracy.,CheckYourComprehensionA,1.a2.b3.c4.c5.d6.a,CheckYourComprehensionB,1.T2.T3.F4.T5.F,CheckYourVocabularyA,1.Spainhasatlastproducedhertrumpcardandsentonthefieldofbattlehermostdeadlyweapon.2.Thereisagreatdealofmoneyatstakeiftheprojectfails.Wemustdosomethingaboutitimmediately.3.Wemustfollowtheplanthroughtotheend.4.Youshouldhangontothatletter.Youmightneeditlater.,CheckYourVocabularyA,5.Ipickedupabookthathappenedtobeathand.6.Hehadmanagedtogetbywithoutmuchreadingandwriting.7.Everybodysettlesdownsowecanhearthestory.8.Spendingsomuchtimeplayingsportissettinghimbackatschool.,CheckYourVocabularyB,1.Ihavelongfeltthathelacksmaturity.Iguessheisstillyoung.2.Thenewtaxeswillbeamajorimpedimenteconomicgrowth.Thegovernmentshouldreconsiderthewholeissuebeforelettingthetaxestakeeffect.3.Shewassoflusteredthatsheforgottoclosethedoor.4.Hemanagedtorecoverhiscomposurequicklyafterthecaraccident.5.Therewasshymodestlybehindthatsteelydetermination.,CheckYourVocabularyB,6.Theywerearrestedforconspiracyagainstthegovernment.7.Theteacherflunkedherbecauseshedidnotfollowtheinstructionsintheexam.8.Thejurylistenedcarefullytothewitnessstestimonyofwhathesawatthesceneofthecrime.9.Imhopingtogetmyteachingdiplomathisyear.10.Hewasver