定语从句(中文附练习).ppt

定语从句一、关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as,but（否定关系代词）1、代表定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，即先行词。2、在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语定语。Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.Thereisnooneofusbutwishestogo.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.二、关系副词when,where,why,相当于定语从句中相关的一个副词或介词短语。在定语从句中作状语。ThisistheplacewhereIoncelived.比较：Thisistheplace(that/which)Ioncevisited.需要注意的几个问题一、限定性定语从句：是辨认先行词所代表的人或物所不可缺少的定语。不可去掉，否则意思不清楚。关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。主从句之间无逗号分开。从句与先行词关系密切。Thosestudentswhodontpasstheend-of-termexammaynotjointheEnglishGroup.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.二、非限定性定语从句：只对先行词提供附带事实，把它去掉整句意思仍然完整。不能用that引导，,关系代词在从句中作宾语时不可省略，主从句之间有逗号分开。这种从句和主句之间几乎是并列关系。LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,whichisabouttheLongMarch.Wewenttotheindustrialexhibition,wherewesawallkindsofnewmachines.三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句Theearthonwhichweliveisabigball.ThePLAman(whom)wehaveoftenheardofwillcometomorrow.(误）Youcangotowhichyouliketo.（正）Youcangowhereyouliketo.(状从）,1、这种结构中的介词可以放在句末。在限定性从句中，若关系代词作宾语，可以省略，但介词不可省。Theearth(that)weliveonisabigball.2、短语动词在从句中作谓语时，其中的介词不可分开。Isthisthething(which)youarelookingfor?Thestudentswhoaregotridofbyschoolarenotallowedtojointhearmy.3、非限定性从句中，关系代词前的介词不可后置，介词和关系代词也不可省略。Jack,fromwhomwehavelearnedalot,isanengineer.,4、“名词（或代词）介词关系代词”结构当“介词关系代词”在定从中作定语时，用此特殊结构表达。这种结构中的介词常用of，表示“所有的”，该介词位置不可改变，关系代词不可省。Ourschoolhaseightyteachers,thirtyofwhomarewomen.(或ofwhomthirty)Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.(或ofwhichthedoor;或whosedoor)Therearemanybooksonthedesk,someofwhichbelongtoTim.,四、that与which引导定语从句时的区别1、指物时，一般无区别2、在下列情况下关系代词一般用that,不用which:（1）先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing时；Everythingthattakesupspaceandhasweightismatter.Isawmuchthatwasbad.Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.*Wehavefoundsomethingthat/whichmightimproveyourworkingcondition.（2）先行词被all,any,each,every,few,little,no,some等修饰时；Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.,（3）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时；HeistheonlypersonthatisabletospeakArabian.Agirlisnotthesameasaboyis.ItisthesamebookthatIshowedyouyesterday.比:ItisthesamebookasIshowedyouyesterday.（4）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；Illneverforgetthefirstlessonthathegaveme.Kateisthemostdiligentstudentthatisknowntousall.（5）先行词既有人又有物时；Theytalkedofthethingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.,3、在下列情况下关系代词一般用which,不用that:（1）在非限定性定从中；（2）在介词后；（3）当定语从句不是修饰一个确定的名词或代词，而是修饰整个句子或其中一部分时，用which,意思是andthis。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttolivingthings.Isaidnothing,whichmadehimstillmoreangry.（4）在that或those后用(sb.Who)(sth.which)ThisisanEnglishbook.ThatwhichisontheshelfisaRussianbook.AllthosewhichIsawwereold.,四、注意：1、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上与先行词保持一致。Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.2、要避免定语从句中句子成分的重复。ThisisthebookwhichIborroweditlastweek.ThatistheplacewhereJaneoncelivedthere.3、注意句子的完整性。（误）OnedaywhenIwastakingawalkinthecollegegarden.4、独立关系代词what=thatwhich或allthat。只能引导名词性从句，不引导定语从句。,ThisiswhatMr.Lisaidatthemeeting.（误）ThisisallwhatMr.Lisaidatthemeeting.5、关系代词和关系副词一般应尽量靠近先行词。Heputthedictionaryonthedeskheboughtyesterday.Heputthedictionaryheboughtyesterdayonthedesk.6、疑问代词who一般不与关系代词who同用。WhoisthemanthatissittingbesideKen?7、修饰表示时间的名词day,time,moment等时，可用that代替when。（多用于口语）Ithappenedontheday(that/when)Iwasborn.,Practice:1.All_isneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedforayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which3.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that4._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedevery-bodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter5.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if,6.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_theygrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatDwhen7.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which8.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what9.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;thatB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who,10._isknowntoall,Chinawillbean_andpowerfulcountryin20or30yearstime.A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing11.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,_manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime12.Alloftheflowersraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew,13.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose14.Shefoundhercalculator_shelostit.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.inwhich15.Hetookall_washereandleftnothing.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose16.Itsalmostthreeyears_Ilastsawher.A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.whose17.Thesecondbook_IwanttoreadisTravelinChina.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as,18.Theboyhandedeverything_hehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whatever19.September18,1931istheday_wellneverforget.A.thatB.whenC.onwhichD.onthat20.Theonlylanguage_iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.it21.Youmayborrowanybook_.A.thatyouinterestB.whichyouareinterestedC.thatinterestsyouD.whichinterestsyou,22.Thedictionary_issoldoutinthebookshop.A.youneedB.whatyouneedC.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit23.Isthistheshop_sellschildrensclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what24.Thecontinent_Ivisitedlastyearwasnottheone_Ionceworked.A.which;whereB.which;whichC.where;whichD.where;where25.Doyourememberoneeveningaweekago_Icametoyourroomandborrowedadictionary?A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where26.Isthistheplace_Leninoncelived?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when,27.Shestillremembersthedays_shewasinthecountry_shewasyoung.A.as;thatB.which;whenC.when;asD.duringwhich;that28.Thebeautifulvillage,_wespentourholidaylastmonth,liesatthefootofamountain.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.where29.Theroom_wedoexperimentsisalab.A.onwhichB.inthatC.thatD.where30.Shehadtwodaughters,_becamedoctors.A.allofthemB.allofwhomC.bothofthemD.bothofwhom,31.Thetwothings_theyfeltveryproudwereJimsgoldwatchandDellashair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich32.Themagazine_Bettypaidonedollarwasverygood.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.towhich33.TheshopIboughtanewdress_lastSundaymorninghadbeenpulleddown.A.inB.onC./D.during34.Imoneoftheboys_neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois35.Isthismuseum_theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone,36.Hersister,_youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.A.whomB.thatC.whichD./37.Theoldman_yesterdayisascientist.A.IspokeB.IspoketoC.whomIspokeD.thatIspoketohim38.Theyoungman_isanengineerofourfactory.A.thatyoujusttalkedB.whomyoujusttalkedtoC.whichyoujusttalkedtoD.whoyoujusttalked39.Thehouse_roofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.A.whosB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich40.Isthisthemuseum_theyvisitedlastmonth?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.theone,41.Thesebooksareforstudents_nativelang-uageisnotEnglish.A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose42.Hewastheman_MasteroftheGamewastranslated.A.bywhomB.bywhoC.bywhoseD.byhim43.Atnoontheygottoahill,_stoodatemple.A.onthetopofthatB.onwhichthetopC.onthetopatwhichD.onthetopofwhich44.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_hecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse.A.inwhichB.throughwhichC.atwhichD.onwhich,45.Thefirstbirthdaygiftherparents_wasanecklace.A.gaveittoherB.gaveherC.gaveheritD.gaveitforher46.Ihaveneverheardsuchstories_hetells.A.whatB.whichC.asD.like47.Ishallbesurprisedifhedoesthisthesameway_Ido.A.asB.likeC.whichD.what48.Einsteinsmostfamoustheoryis_wecalltheTheoryofRelativity.A.whatB.thatC.whichD./,JoineachpairofthefollowingsentencesusingtheAttributiveClause.1.Thehousehadbeenoneofthemostbeautifulinthecity.Thehousewasdestroyedduringthewar.Thehouse,whichhadbeenoneofthemostbeau-tifulinthecity,wasdestroyedduringthewar.2.ThefurniturewasmadeinChina.Myunclecollectedthisfurniture.Thefurniture(which/that)myunclecollectedwasmade