欧洲联盟50年-欧盟的形成与发展.ppt

THEEUROPEANUNION50YearsofPeace,ProsperityandPartnership,欧洲联盟50年,CelebratingtheEuropeanUnion:AHalfCenturyofChangeandProgress,SincethecreationoftheEUhalfacenturyago,Europehasenjoyedthelongestperiodofpeaceinitshistory.Europeanpoliticalintegrationisunprecedentedinhistory.EUenlargementhashelpedovercomethedivisionofEuropecontributingtopeace,prosperity,andstabilityacrossthecontinent.Asinglemarketandacommoncurrencyconditionsforcompaniesandconsumers.EUhasunitedthecitizensofEuropewhilepreservingEuropesdiversity.,EuropeanUnionUnitedindiversity,WhatistheEuropeanUnion?,Sharedvalues:liberty,democracy,respectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedoms,andtheruleoflaw.Largesteconomicbodyintheworld.Worldsmostsuccessfulmodelforadvancingpeaceanddemocracy.AuniqueinstitutionMemberStatesvoluntarilycedenationalsovereigntyinmanyareastocarryoutcommonpoliciesandgovernance.Notasuper-statetoreplaceexistingstates,norjustanorganizationforinternationalcooperation.Worldsmostopenmarketforgoodsandcommoditiesfromdevelopingcountries.,27,7,30,490million,MemberStates,CombinedpopulationofEUMemberStates,Percentofworldspopulation,PercentofglobalGDP,55,PercentofcombinedworldwideOfficialDevelopmentAssistance,EUInstitutions,EuropeanCommission27Commissioners,representingtheEuropeanperspective,eachresponsibleforaspecificpolicyarea.EUsexecutivebranchproposeslegislation,managesUnionsday-to-daybusinessandbudget,andenforcesrules.NegotiatestradeagreementsandmanagesEuropesmultilateraldevelopmentcooperation.CounciloftheEuropeanUnionEUsmaindecision-makingbody,comprisedofministersof27MemberStates,representingMemberStatespointofview.Decidesonforeignpolicyissues.CouncilpresidencyrotatesamongMemberStateseverysixmonths.,EuropeanCommissionPresidentJosManuelBarroso,EUInstitutions,EuropeanParliamentVoiceofEuropeancitizensmemberselectedforfive-yearterms.WiththeCouncil,passesEUlawsandadoptsEUbudgets.ApprovesEUCommissioners.EuropeanCourtofJusticeHighestEUjudicialauthority.EnsuresallEUlawsareinterpretedandappliedcorrectlyanduniformly.CanactasanindependentpolicymakerbutunliketheU.S.SupremeCourt,theECJcanonlydealwithmatterscoveredbytheTreaties.,EuropeanParliamentinsession,EuropeanCentralBank,TheEuropeanCentralBank(ECB)isthecentralbankforEuropessinglecurrency,theeuro.TheECBsmaintaskistomaintaintheeurospurchasingpowerandthuspricestabilityintheeuroarea.Theeuroareacomprisesthe15EuropeanUnioncountriesthathaveintroducedtheeurosince1999.TheECBoperatesindependentlyfromMemberStategovernments.,Theeurowasintroducedin1999,UnitedinDiversity-Theuro,Theuro,In1999,theeuroareawasestablishedasacurrencyinelevenofthethenfifteenEUMemberStates.Ofthe27EUMemberStatestoday,fifteenhaveadoptedtheeuro.OneofthestrikingbenefitsofasingleEuropeancurrencyarelowinterestratesduetoahighdegreeofpricestability.Theeuroisasstableandcredibleasthebest-performingcurrenciespreviouslyusedintheeuroareacountries.,1951:,IntheaftermathofWorldWarII,theaimwastosecurepeaceamongEuropesvictoriousandvanquishednationsandbringthemtogetherasequals,cooperatingwithinsharedinstitutions.BasedonaplanbyFrenchForeignMinisterRobertSchuman.SixfoundingcountriesBelgium,theFederalRepublicofGermany,France,Italy,LuxembourgandtheNetherlandssignedatreatytorunheavyindustries(coalandsteel)undercommonmanagement.,EuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity,JeanMonnetandotherleaderswiththefirst“European”ingotofsteel,TreatyofRome,Thesixfoundingcountriesexpandedcooperationtoothereconomicsectors,creatingtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)or“commonmarket.”Asaresult,people,goods,services,andcapitaltodaymovefreelyacrosstheUnion.,1957:,SigningoftheTreatyofRome,1951FoundingMembersBelgiumFranceGermanyItalyLuxembourgNetherlands,1973DenmarkIrelandUnitedKingdom,1981Greece,1986PortugalSpain,November1989FalloftheBerlinWallsetsthestageforunifyingEuropeandEUenlargement,1995AustriaFinlandSweden,2004CyprusCzechRepublicEstoniaHungaryLatviaLithuaniaMaltaPolandSlovakiaSlovenia,2007BulgariaRomania,CandidateCountriesCroatiaFormerYugoslavRepublicofMacedoniaTurkeyPotentialCandidateCountriesAlbaniaBosnia&HerzegovinaMontenegroSerbiaincludingKosovounderUNSecurityCouncilResolution1244,50YearsofEUIntegration,Enlargementhas:Inspiredreformsandconsolidatedcommonprinciplesofliberty,democracy,respectforhumanrights,fundamentalfreedoms,theruleoflaw,andmarketeconomy.EnhancedtheEUsweightintheworldandmadeitastrongerandmoreattractiveinternationalpartner.,“EnlargementhasbeenasuccessstoryfortheEuropeanUnionandEuropeasawhole.IthashelpedtoovercomethedivisionofEuropeandcontributedtopeaceandstabilitythroughoutthecontinent.”EuropeanCouncilDeclarationDec.15,2006,TheEUisaglobalplayer.Itssoftpowerpromotesstability,prosperity,democracyandhumanrights,deliversconcreteresultsinthefighttoeradicatepoverty,andinachievingsustainabledevelopment.,UNSecretaryGeneralBanKi-moon,HighRepresentativefortheCommonForeignandSecurityPolicyJavierSolana,andEUCommissionerBenitaFerrero-Waldner,TheEUintheWorld,AddressingGlobalChallenges,Peace&SecurityWorksforglobalpeaceandsecurityalongsidetheUnitedStatesandmultilateralorganizationsincludingNATOandtheUnitedNations.Undertakeshumanitarianandpeacekeepingmissionsandhasprovidedmilitaryforcesforcrisismanagementaroundtheglobe.Counterterrorism&HomelandSecurityTakenstepstoimproveintelligencesharing,enhancelawenforcementandjudicialcooperation,curtailterroristfinancing.Booststradeandtransportsecuritytosupportthestruggleagainstterrorism.,Democracy&HumanRightsWorksgloballyforfreeelectionsandopendemocraticprocesses.Fightsracismandintoleranceathomeandabroad.Campaignsgloballyagainstcapitalpunishment.DevelopmentAssistance&HumanitarianReliefTheEUanditsMemberStatesaretheworldslargestaiddonor,providing55%oftotalofficialdevelopmentassistance.Providesbillionsofdollarsinhumanitarianaidtomorethan100countriesinresponsetocrisesandnaturaldisasters.,AddressingGlobalChallenges,TradeEuropeanCommissionrepresentsall27EUMemberStatesbeforetheWorldTradeOrganization.Supportsfreetradeandopenmarkets,withintherules-basedstructureoftheWTO,topromotegrowthandjobsinbothindustrializedanddevelopingcountries.Theworldsmostopenmarketforproductsandcommoditiesfromdevelopingcountries40%ofallEUimportsarefromdevelopingcountries.,AddressingGlobalChallenges,EnvironmentalProtectionAleaderinglobaleffortstoprotecttheenvironment,maintainingrigorousandcomprehensivesystemsathome.Playsakeyroleindevelopingandimplementinginternationalagreements,suchastheKyotoProtocolonClimateChange.Executinga“capandtrade”systemtoreducegreenhousegasemissionsTakestheleadinthefightagainstglobalwarmingwiththeadoptionofbindingenergytargets(cutting20%oftheEUsgreenhousegasemissionsby2020).,AddressingGlobalChallenges,Source:GermanInformationCenterUSA,TheEuropeanUnionandtheUnitedStates,“Ourstrongfriendshipisessentialtopeaceandprosperityaroundtheglobe.Notemporarydebate,topassingdisagreementamongnations,nopoweronearth,willeverdivideus.”PresidentGeorgeW.Bush,“TherelationshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandEuropeistheworldsstrongest,mostcomprehensive,andstrategicallyimportantpartnership.TheUnitedStates,andaunitedEuropethisisreallytheindispensablepartnership.”PresidentoftheEuropeanCommissionJosManuelBarroso,PartnersinGlobalLeadership,EUandU.S.worktogethertodevelopinternationalstandards:FightingterrorismandtransnationalcrimeAdvancingglobaltradeliberalizationCombatingpiracyandintellectualpropertyviolationsSpreadingbenefitsofglobalizationEUanditsMemberStatesarehelpingrestorepeaceandstabilityinAfghanistan.EUandU.S.worktogetherintheMiddleEastQuartettoadvancethepeaceprocess.WhentheEUandU.S.agree,otherstendtofollow.,EUCommissionerBenitaFerrero-Waldner&U.S.SecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRice,SharedValuesandResponsibilities,Freedom&DemocracySupportfreeelections,goodgovernance,humanrights,andtheruleoflawaroundtheworld.SecurityCooperatetofightterrorism,limitthespreadofnuclearweapons,andworkforglobalpeace.DevelopmentTogether,EUandU.S.provide80%ofglobaldevelopmentassistanceandanevenlargershareofglobalhumanitarianaidintimesofdisasterandconflict.,ADynamicTransatlanticEconomy,EUandU.S.togetheraccountfor40%oftotalglobaltrade(morethan$1.5billionintransatlantictradeeveryday).The$3trillionEU-U.S.transatlanticeconomyemploys14millionworkersonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.In2005,Europeaccountedforroughlytwo-thirdsoftotalglobalinvestmentflowsintotheU.S.byfarthemostsignificantsourceofforeigninvestmentintheU.S.economy.,EuropeancompaniesaretheleadingforeigninvestorsintheU.S.TheUK,Germany,France,andtheNetherlandstopfoursourcesofjobscreatedbyforeigninvestmentintheUnitedStates.AmericancompaniesinvestfarmoreinEUcountriesthaninAsia.U.S.businessesmake5timestheprofitintheNetherlands-alone-astheymakeinChina.In2005,EUinvestmentsinTexasalonesurpassedallU.S.investmentsinChinaandJapan,combined.,BMWsassemblyplantisSouthCarolinaslargestprivatesectoremployer.,FutureofTransatlanticRelations,EUandU.S.facecommonchallengesthatareglobalinoriginandimpact.Withglobalchalleng