句子的基本结构及成分.ppt

句子的类型,高中英语学习提高课程讲座（二）,简单句的分类,英语句子按照结构可以分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。,一、简单句,定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫做简单句。例如：Alicestudiedhard.LiMingandZhangHuaworkinthesamefactory.BothTonyandJimgotoschoolatseveninthemorning,havelunchthereandcomebackatfiveintheafternoon.,一、简单句,简单句的5种结构1.主语+谓语HerfatherworksinNanjing.Sheiswalkingalongthelake.Springhascome.,一、简单句,2.主语+系表结构Heisateacher.Treesaregreen.Shebecameangryathiswords.Themanseemskind.,常见的系动词有be,become,get,grow,look,turn,feel,taste,smell,seem,remain,sound,keep,fall,appear,go,etc.,主语+谓语+宾语Hefoundabirdinthetree.Mysisterenjoysthesong.Heforgottoposttheletter.Marydeniedtakingthepen.,一、简单句,一、简单句,主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Hegavehissisterapiano.Shewrotehimalongletter.Theworkertoldusalotabouthislifeinthepast.Wouldyoutellmewheretogettheticket?,双宾：1）间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）2）直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语,常跟双宾语的动词:give,show,tell,lend,write,pass,hand,send,bring,return,sing,make,do,buy,etc.,一、简单句,5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Ifoundhimbusy.Thenewsmadeherexcited.TheyconsiderJimagoodstudent.Ioftenhearhersingthesong.Weelectedhimmonitor.Shekeptuswaitingforhalfanhour.,6.Therebe/V+Sseem,happen,live,stand,come,go,etc.,Thereseemstobenoobjectionstotheproposal.Therelivedakinglonglongago.,1,他是个中学生。他16岁。be烟越变越浓。grow斯密斯先生的脸红了。turn他们在教室里。be混合物很难尝。taste那小孩很快睡着了。fall肉已经变坏了。go我们的愿望是学好英语。be我父亲的工作是教数学。be他的话听起来有道理。sound,Heisamiddleschoolstudent.Heis16.Thesmokegrewthickerandthicker.MrSmithsfaceturnedred.Theyareintheclassroom.Themixturetastesterrible.Thekidfellasleepsoon.Themeathasgonebad.OurhopeistolearnEnglishwell.Hisfathersjobisteachingmaths.Hiswordssoundreasonable.,2,我们爱科学。他正在学英语。她喜欢音乐。王平擅长游泳。汤姆怕蛇。我们过着幸福的生活。他想看那部电影。小英雄停止了呼吸。,Welovescience.HeislearningEnglish.Shelikesmusic.WangPingisgoodatswimming.Tomisafraidofsnake.Wearelivingahappylife.Hewantstoseethatfilm.Thelittleherostoppedhisbreath.,3,我不会游泳。李平正坐在树下。孩子们在操场上玩。飞机消失在天空中。近几年，我国发生了很大的变化。马丽没回答。那儿发生了什么事？她一言不发就走了。,Icantswim.LiPingissittingunderthetree.Thechildrenareplayingontheplayground.Theplanedisappearedinthesky.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcountryrecently.Marydidntanswer.Whathappenedthere?Sheleftwithoutsayingaword.,4,请给我一些面包吃。你能把橡皮借给我吗？他给富人的孩子上课。我父亲买了本辞典给我。他给我看他的通行证。马丽为我们唱了首歌。张老师给我们讲了个故事。恩格斯给他写了封信表扬他。,Pleasegivemesomebreadtoeat.Canyoulendmeyourrubber?Hegavelessonstothechildrenoftherich.Myfatherboughtmeadictionary.Heshowedmehispass.Marysangasongforus.MrZhangtoldusastory.Engelswrotehimalettertopraisehim.,5,他叫他儿子擦窗户。我们必须把教室扫干净。我见他在树上玩。我发现窗碎了。老板让他们整日整夜工作。我认为学习外语很重要。我们把每天读英语作为常规。,Heaskedhissontocleanthewindows.Wemustmakeourclassroomclean.Isawhimplayinginthetree.Ifoundthewindowbroken.Thebosshadthemworkingalldayandallnight.WethinkitimportanttolearnEnglish.WemakeitaruletoreadEnglisheveryday.,6,房子前面有棵树。铃响了。希腊有个伟大的思想家。碰巧家里没人。学校里有个小小的池塘。那儿过去有座桥。教室里好像有个人。,Thereis/standsatreeinfrontofthehouse.Theregoesthebell.Therewas/livedagreatthinkerinGreece.Therehappenedtobenopersonathome.Thereis/liesasmallpondintheschool.Thereusedtobeabridge.Thereseemedtobesomebodyintheclassroom.,Usethewordstoformsentences.Changetheformofthemifnecessary.Example:pen,belongto,woman,the,thatThepenbelongstothatwoman.1.theworkers,remove,thebrokendoorTheworkersareremovingthebrokendoor.2.onlyagirl,thecaraccident,surviveOnlyagirlsurvivedthecaraccident.3.afancycastle,themountain,thereis,onThereisafancycastleonthemountain.,III.Practising,4.thesun,nodoubt,thereis,theearth,that,movearoundThereisnodoubtthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.5.theForbiddenCity,worth,visit,is,againTheForbiddenCityisworthvisitingagain.6.thepolice,insearchof,therobber,were,yesterdayThepolicewereinsearchoftherobberyesterday.,Practising,writing,【写作内容】你家养了一只宠物狗,名叫Lily,经常跟爷爷奶奶在一起.根据下列内容,写一篇英语短文.宠物狗与奶奶关系很好;奶奶经常遛狗,锻炼身体;奶奶的血压降下来了,很少去看医生了;奶奶不再感到孤独,笑容也多了.【写作要求】只能使用五个句子表达全部内容.,二、并列句,定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起构成的句子。并列连词有and,but,or,so,eitheror,neithernornotonlybutalso结构:简单句+并列连词+简单句Thisismineandthatishers.Theseshoesarenotcheapbuttheyareverygood.,定义:复合句(主从复合句)是有一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子.复合句中的主句和从句都具有完成的主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体，可以独立存在。从句需要有一个连词引导，是修饰说明主语的，不能独立存在。根据在句中不同的作用，从句可以分为三大类：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句。,二、复合句,主语从句,主语从句在复合句中充当主语。可以引导主语从句的关联词有：that,whether,what,which,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,whatever,whoeverThathewillsucceediscertain.Whethershewillgothereisnotknown.Whathesaidisnottrue.Whobrokethewindowhasnotbeenfoundout.Howheescapedisstillamystery.,表语从句是用作表语的句子.一般放在主语的谓语动词（连系动词）之后。引导表语从句的关联词有that,whether,asif,what,which,whom,whose,when,where,why,howThequestionisthatheisalsoshortofmoney.ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.,表语从句,表语从句,Theproblemiswhetherhewillagreetothesuggestionornot.Thatiswhyhewaslateforschool.Itlookedasifitisgoingtorain.,宾语从句,宾语从句是用作宾语的句子.除了谓语动词以外，介词，不定式，分词，动名词后面也可以带宾语从句。类型：that引导的宾语从句if/whether引导的宾语从句疑问词引导的宾语从句,宾语从句,Ireallyfeelthatheneedsmorepractice.Theoldladylikessayingthatshehasagoodson.Iwanttoknowifshestillliveshere.ThisdependsonwhetherheisinterestedinEnglish.,宾语从句,Iamnotinterestedinwhatheisdoing.Idontknowwhyhedidntcome.Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebest.,同位语从句,同位语从句常用that引导,同news,fact,hope,idea,promise,suggestion,构成“Thefactthat+句子的”结构。Thefactthathewonthefirstprizecantbetrue.HaveyouheardthenewsthatMarywillgetmarriedsoon?Thesuggestionthattheplanshouldbedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.,定语从句,定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。定语从句在句中起定语的作用，被定语修饰的词为先行词。ThemanwhowrotethebookisanEnglishprofessor.Ilikedreadthebookthatyoureadlastmonth.Sheisthenotonthetrainthatarrivedafewminutesago.,状语从句,状语从句由连词引导，在句中不担当成分，只起到连接的作用根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为下列几种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句等。,时间状语从句,Iwaswalkingwhenshecalledme.Whilemotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.ShehadworkedinShanghaibeforeshecamehere.Afterhedidhishomework,hewenttobed.IhavelivedheresinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.,地点状语从句,Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficult.Shefollowshimwhereverhegoes.Wherethereislife,thereishope.Sitwhereveryoulike.,条件状语从句,IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyacar.Iwillgotheresolongash