考研英语翻译技巧.ppt

翻译技巧,正说反译与反说正译词性的转化词义的选择语态的转变加译法减译法语序调整拆译法,正说反译与反说正译,Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycantaffordnotto.虚荣心不会变，人只有负担不起的时候才会在购物的时候考虑可持续性。SolvingtheproblemsofplaceslikeFergusonislessaboutpassingmoreanti-discriminationlawsthanaboutrekindlingeconomicgrowthandspreadingtheproceeds.要解决像弗格森市这种地方的问题，方法不在于通过更多反歧视法案，而在于重新振兴经济增长并让更多的人享受到收益。Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldntbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethClinesthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.这种时装业自上而下的概念太过时了，与伊丽莎白克莱恩在过度着装一书中所描绘的狂热世界不相一致，该书是她历时三年对“快时尚”的控诉。,词性的转化,Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycantaffordnotto.虚荣心不会变，人只有负担不起的时候才会在购物的时候考虑可持续性。OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.设计和教授此类课程很难，原因之一是美国顶尖大学一贯坚持文科教育与职业教学分开，在不同学院讲授，这些课程会影响到这一做法。,词义的选择,TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizonaslawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.白宫称亚利桑那州的法案与联邦政府的执法优先权相矛盾，即便州法律与联邦法一字不差。Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.比如，遏制气候变化，改变消费模式、促进人们接受税收政策与发展洁净能源同样重要。,语态的转变（被动变主动）,Thepotentialevolutionoftodaystechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,anditsperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.ThatsonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.今天技术的潜在发展及其社会后果是极为复杂的，或许最好还是让科幻小说作家和未来学家来探索我们能够设想的众多可能性吧。TheadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidntwanttocarryoutCongresssimmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.实质上，联邦政府是在主张，因为它不想执行国会的移民管理意愿，所以各州也不允许这么做。,加译法,Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifitsuseless.由于有第三方支付，我们不用为自己的医疗付费，所以我们要求一切可能做到的医疗服务，即便是没用的。Physiciansfrustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatienttoooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.内科医生由于无力治愈癌症而感到挫败，并且担心病人失去希望，往往提出一些过于积极的治疗，远远超出科学的合理范围。TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.唯一的强烈反对意见来自安东尼斯卡利亚法官，他甚至追溯到客籍法和政治叛乱发，强烈维护州政府的特权。,减译法,Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.他们说，如果铁路对所有客户平均收费，那些有选择的托运商将会转向汽车或其它运输方式，而留下其他客户来负担维护铁路的成本。,语序调整,Takeabroaderlookatourspeciesplaceintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.如果从更广阔的视角看看人类在宇宙中的位置，就会明白我们就算不能存活数十万年，也大可以存活个数万年。Thesub-primecrisistriggeredbyincreasingdefaults(failuretopay)ashousingpricesslipintheU.S.andhomeownerscannotaffordrisinginterestratesrevealedthattheseWallStreetfirmsdeservingrespectarelessthanperfect.随着美国房价下跌，业主负担不起不断上升的利率，越来越多的人断供，引发了次贷危机。次贷危机显示这些值得尊敬的华尔街公司并不完美。Evenifajobsstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadultsneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.即便一份工作的起薪太低，不能满足新新成年人想要快速得到满足的需求，只要他们为这个步骤做好准备，对他们来说从学校到职场的转变就不会是那么强烈的挫折。,拆译法（一般涉及从句）,TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.宪法的原则是无可争议的，只有华盛顿有权“制定统一的入籍规范”，联邦法高于地方法。Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.有些人不了解必须通过动物试验才能研究出这些疗法以及新的疗法和疫苗，对这些人来说，动物试验往好里说是浪费，往坏里说是残忍。,拆译法（一般涉及从句）,Theconservationgrouphaslobbiedlocalrestaurantsthatoffertheclassicnine-coursebanquetservedatCantoneseweddings,ofwhichshark-finistraditionallyapart,toofferano-sharkmenuasachoicetocouples.一些当地餐馆在广东人的婚礼上提供经典的九道菜筵席，鱼翅传统上就在其中。保