商务英语综合教程第4册Unit2.ppt

UnitTwo,UnitTwoIntensiveReadingBalancesandImbalancesofPower,Para1Theonlycheckonformingaleagueofdefense.Theonlylimitationtotheabuseofpoliticalpowerhasineverycasecomefromtheexistenceofanopposingpowerwhichisequallystrongoranallianceofseveralcountrieswhichformsagroupofdefense.,consistinhavesth.asitschieforonlyelementorfeature在于，存在于e.g.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.Educationdoesnotsimplyconsistinlearningalotoffacts.,Technically专门地，技术上地，工艺地Theword“technical”isderivedfromtheword“technique”;whileaseeminglyalikeword“technological”isderivedfromtheword“technology”.“Technical”meanshavingspecialskillorpracticalknowledgeespeciallyinamechanicalorscientificfieldorusedinorpeculiartoaspecificfieldorprofession.e.g.atechnicaladviser技术顾问technicalterminology专门词汇，技术术语However,“technological”meansrelatingtoorinvolvingtechnology,especiallyscientifictechnologyoraffectedbyorresultingfromscientificandindustrialprogress.e.g.technologicalinnovationscientificandtechnologicalchallenges,See1).(heremeans)toknowthroughfirsthandexperience了解，明白e.g.HesawsomeserviceintheFrenchandIndianWar.2).Anothermeaningof“see”istogiverisetoorbecharacterizedbye.g.The1990ssawthebesteconomicperformanceintheUnitedStatesinthreedecades.“See”,whenusedinthesecondmeaning,isasynonymto“witness”.e.g.Thelastdecadehaswitnessedasignificantgrowthintheuseofinformationtechnologyandinformationsystems.,Para3StabilityinEuropewould-behegemon.GreatBritainiswillingtogivefullsupporttothelesserstateorcoalitionwhenthebalanceofpowerwasatrisk,resultingfromtheappearanceofapotentialhegemon,whichcontributedtostabilityinEurope.,Theword“associate”hasanumberofpartsofspeech.Itisusedasavtinthetext.Itcanalsobeusedasinvi,oran.oranadj.1).Whenusedasvi,it,similartotheword“join”,meanstojoininaformaleague.e.g.Ifhishealthpermits,hewillinmanyimportantbusinessventures.Asvi,italsomeanstospendtimesocially与某人交往或打交道e.g.Sheoftenwithhercoworkersonweekends.2).Usedasn.,“associate”maymeanapersonunitedwithanotherorothersinanact,enterprise,orbusiness.Usedinthiscontext,itisasynonymtopartnerorcolleague.同事，伙伴e.g.Heneverhangsoutwithhissintheevening.3).“Associate”,asanadj.,means“joinedwithanotherorothersandhavingequalornearlyequalstatusorhavingpartialstatusorprivileges.”（与某职业或组织）联合的，联盟的，合伙的e.g.DavidisaneditorofNaturemagazine.(副主编，助理编辑)anjudge陪审法官theproducerofafilm联合制片人,Para4thereisnothingtopreventsuitsitspurpose.nothingisabletostopthestrongerfrombeinghostiletoitsalliesaslongasthatsatisfiesitsownpurpose.,AndalthoughHitlerandMussoliniwithbalance-of-powerreasoning.DespitethefactthatHitlerandMussolinisharedsomethingincommonintermsoffascistdesignsfortheirsocieties,theallianceofItalywithGermanywentagainstbalance-of-powerreasoning.,OddsNotethattheword“odds”isusedinafewidioms.1).Againstalltheodds尽管有极大的困难2).Beatodds争执，不相称，不和谐3).Byallodds肯定地，无疑地，远远超过4).Giveodds给予对方以有利的条件，预测，猜测5).Itmakesnoodds.不要紧。6).Layodds给予对方以有利的条件，预测，猜测7).Oddsandends剩余物，零碎物件8).Oddson胜算，胜利的成分，有一半以上的胜算的9).Overtheodds超过预期的10).Theoddsareagainst形势对不利，可能性不大11).Theoddsareinsomeonesfavor.形势对某人有利。12).Whataretheodds?那有什么要紧？,MostTheword“most”isoftenusedwithmanyadjectivesandadverbstoformthesuperlativedegree.However,inthetext,itmeansvery.e.g.Hetakeseffortstobuildamostexcitingwebsite.,Para5ContemporaryContemporary,contemporaneous,simultaneous,synchronous,concurrent,coincident,concomitantareallsynonyms,meaning“existingoroccurringatthesametime”.1).Contemporaryisusedmoreoftenofpersons,contemporaneousofeventsandfacts.当代的，同时代的，同时期的e.g.ThecomposerSalieriwascontemporarywithMozart.Ariseininterestrateisoftencomtemporaneouswithanincreaseininflation.2).“Simultaneous”morenarrowlyspecifiesoccurrenceofeventsatthesametime.同时的，同时发生的e.g.Theactivistsorganizeddemonstrationsinmanymajorcities.3).“Synchronous”referstocorrespondence(一致)ofeventsintimeoverashortperiod.同步的e.g.Thedancerexecutedaseriesofsynchronousmovements.4).“Concurrent”impliesparallelismincharacterorlengthoftime.并发的e.g.Themassmurdererwasgiventhreelifesentences.那个屠杀群众的凶手被同时判处并执行三个无期徒刑。,5).“Coincident”appliestoeventsoccurringatthesametimewithoutimplyingarelationship.同时发生的，巧遇e.g.TheresistancetothePopesauthorityisprettynearlycoincidentwiththeriseoftheOttomans.(JohnHenryNewman)6).“Concomitant”referstocoincidenceintimeofeventssoclearlyrelatedthatoneseemsattendantontheother.相伴的，共存的，附随的e.g.HeisanadherentofFreudstheoriesandhadaconcomitantbeliefintheefficacyofpsychoanalysis.Alsonotethatwhen“contemporary”isusedinreferencetosomethinginthepast,itsmeaningisnotalwaysclear.“ContemporarycriticsofShakespeare”maymeancriticsinhistimeorcriticsinourtime.Whenthecontextdoesnotmakethemeaningclear,misunderstandingcanbeavoidedbyusingphrasessuchas“criticsinShakespearestime”or“moderncritics”.,Thus,somecautionthaterodeU.S.freedomofaction.Forthisreason,somepeoplewarntheUnitedStatesthatitshouldexerciseitspowerinaccordancewiththelawandwithrestrictionssothatitwillnotinciteprospectivecompetitorslikeChina,RussiaorevenFranceandGermany,toformingacounter-balancingalliancethatwilldestroyU.S.freedomofaction.,LestIttypicallytakesthesubjunctivemood.e.g.Dothisnow,lestyourunoutoftimelater.Hebroughtthehorseshome,lesttheybefrightenedbythestorm.,Accordingtoothersbyabalance-of-powerlogic.Asfarasotherssupportersof“offensiverealism”isconcerned,theUnitedStatesmayalsosubmititselfwithoutresistancetothedevelopmentofnewrivalslikeChina,whichisboundtooccurinasystemruledbyabalance-of-powerreasoning.,Para6Inotherwords,ifstatesbalanceafewroguestates.Toputitinanotherway,ifstatesreachabalanceagainstdetectedandrecognizedpotentialchallengersinsteadofsomenotionofpowerwithoutrealintentions,thenU.S.hegemonydoesnot(orneednot)proveitselfdangerouswithexceptionofsomestateswhicharenolongerobedientandcontrollable.,Para7De-emphasize前缀de来自拉丁语，意为“awayfrom”,所以这个前缀的意义之一就是“离开”，“出”，它构成的词有一定的规律性，常表“离开”这一深层概念，而且常与介词from等搭配，如：deport驱逐出境deduce推断derail脱轨Deletehisnamefromthelistofmembers.Thetrainwilldepartfromplatform2.另外，前缀de还表示“除去”、“取消”以及“否定”、“非”、“相反”的意思，如：decamp撤营decode解码deforest砍伐森林decolonize非殖民化devaluation贬值de-ice除冰,Para8adominantgreatpowertheshrineofcollectivesecurity.actuallyacontrollingstrongpoweractsinitsown,but,feelinguneasywiththeideaandstillprayingfortheholygoalofcollectivesecurity.,P46DictationGlobalizationisnotonlyhavingamassiveimpactonEuropeseconomicperformance,butisalsochangingoursociallandscape.Yetinrespondingtothesechanges,reformsarebeingimplementedslowly,ifatall.Inacontinentinwhichnearlyoneintenpeopleareoutofwork,itisourdutytoaskhowtheEuropeanUnioncanhelpthem.AdvancingsuchaperspectiveisdifficultinEuropepartlybecausetoooftenthefocushasbeenonmeansratherthanends.Todeliversocialjusticeandfairanddecentstandardofliving,themeanstheexistingvariegatedpatternofwelfarestatesandsocialstructuresacrossEuropearealmostcertainlygoingtohavetochange.Thisdoesnotmeanandshouldnotnecessitatearacetothebottom.ButitdoesmeanEuropeseconomiesmustadapttotheconditionsoftodayaswellasprep