初中被动语态用法.ppt

Unit5,被动语态,PassiveVoice,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(ActiveVoice)被动语态(PassiveVoice),主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,Weplantedthetree.,Thetreewasplantedbyus.,一、定义,be+及物动词的过去分词,有人称，数和时态的变化,二、构成,1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词3.一般将来时：will+be+过去分词4.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词5.过去进行时：was/were+being+过去分词6.现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词7.过去完成时：had+been+过去分词8.过去将来时：would+be+过去分词9.含有情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词,歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面,三、各种时态的被动语态,四、用法,1）不知道动作的执行者是谁,2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁,Eg.Thehousewasbuiltin1950.这座房子是1950年建的。,Eg.Manytreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.每年必须种许多树。,3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者（即宾语）,Eg.Calculatorcantbeusedinthemathexam.计算器不能用于数学考试。,4）动作的发出者不是人,Eg.Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。,五、主动语态变被动语态,1.主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。,2.谓语动词变为相应的被动形式即be+过去分词，（注意其人称和数随主语做出变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。）,3.主动句的主语变为被动句中by的宾语（宾格），如不需要则可省略。,4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。,Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikes,inthefactory.,aremade,them,by,WespeakEnglish.,byus.,主语,谓语,宾语,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,English,isspoken,Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.TheoldmanonTVtellsastoryonSunday.3.Studentslistentothekindteachercarefully.,Footballisplayedallovertheworldbypeople.,AstoryistoldbytheoldmanonTVonSunday.,Thekindteacherislistenedtobystudentscarefully.,把下列的主动句变为被动句。,六、被动语态的特殊情况,1.在主动语态中,使役动词make,let,have等及感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel等,其后跟省to的动词不定式(即动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to。1)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.2)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseentowalktoschool.,2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，也可把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，但直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前需加上to或for.Hegavemeabookyesterday.(=hegaveabooktomeyesterday.)Iwasgivenabookbyhimyesterday.Abookwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.,3.许多由不及物动词加介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢掉。Weshouldtakecareofthechildren.Thechildrenshouldbetakencareof.(of不可省),4.下列动词(短语)没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,belongto,cost,take.eg.Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.,5.物作主语时，want/need/require/beworth+doing相当于want/need/require/beworth+tobedone,Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要修理。,1)表事物自然属性的动词（read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink）和副词(well/badly/easily/fast/smoothly)连用且主语为物时，常用主动语态表被动意义,Thepenwritesveryfast.这支笔写得很流畅。,Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。,6.主动表被动,Thiskindofclothwasheseasily这种布很容易洗。,2)连系动词look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become等用主动表被动。,PekingOperasoundsbeautiful.,1.English_inmanycountries,butChinese_theirownlanguages.A.isspoken,speakB.speaks,isspokenC.isspoken,speakenD.isspoken,isspoken,2.Abigcinema_inourtownnextyear.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.hasbuilt,3.Thisbook_byafamouswritermanyyearsago.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswritenD.waswritten,1.-Itsdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.-Ithinkabridge_overtheriver.A.wasbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt2Heismade_for12hourseveryday.AworkBworkingCtoworkD.worked3.Thegirlwasoftenheard_happilyinherroom.A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sings,4.Theapple_verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting5.Whatyousaid_likeagoodidea.isheardB.islistenedC.soundD.sounded6.-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth_asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing7.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed_.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned,8.Greatchanges_inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.weretakenplaceB.havetakenplaceC.werehappenedD.havehappened,9.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus,五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。1)Ihavealotofhomeworktobedonetonight2)Isyourhistoryteacherlistenedcarefullyinclass？3)LeiFengsnamerememberedbyallChinesepeople4)Themusicissoundedbeautiful.5)BywhowasthisneweducationalCD-ROMdesigned?,do,to,is,sounds,whom,1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.,根据提示写一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。,Writing,1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水.,beplanted,bedug,bigenough,toodeep,putinto,bekeptstraight,pushbackto,pushhardwith,knockinto,bekeptstraight,betiedtowith,bewateredwell,TreesmustbeplantedinSpring.Theholemustbeduglargeenoughbutnottoodeep.Putthetreeintotheholeandit