广东历年语法填空真题.ppt

,第一部分语言知识及应用,.2014高考广东卷Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid16._wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths17._(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.,it,earlier,We18._(tell)thatourroomshadntbeenreservedforthatweek,19._fortheweekafter.Ididntunderstand20._thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged21._thereservation.Whatsworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas22._(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon23._topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom,andwewerentchargedextra.,weretold,but,why,for,surprisingly,the,Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach24._wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle25._(sunburn)，butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidntmind.,where,sunburnt,解题导语本文是讲我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，这真是个意外的意外。16解析：在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。17解析：在句中作状语，依然用副词；不变词性，可考虑用比较级；由时态hadmade，可知是“早在六个月前”就订好了。18解析：由句意或tellsb.sth.这一句型结构可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。,19解析：这是考虑not.but.结构，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为下一个星期订的”。20解析：意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。21解析：因charge.for.是习惯搭配。22解析：因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊讶地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。23解析：特指“在顶楼”。24解析：先行词是地点thebeach且在定语从句中作状语，故填where(onwhichandonthebeachandthere)。25解析：在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn是名词。,.2013高考广东卷Oneday，Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly，he16._(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalledtohisson，“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt，butpayafairpriceforit：neithertoomuch17._toolittle.”Hissonlookedsurprised.“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldntpaytoomuch，Father，butifIcanpayless，18._notsaveabitofmoney？”“Thatwouldbeavery19._(reason)thingtodoinabigcity，butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours，”Nicksaid.,found,nor,why,reasonable,Nicksguests,20._hadheardtheirconversation，askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.Nickreplied，“Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt21._alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect22._thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit.”“Butsuchasmallthingcouldnt23._(possible)destroyavillage.”“Inthebeginning，therewasonly24._verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld，buteveryoneaddedalittle，always25._(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”,who,at,for,possibly,a,thinking,16解析：考查动词的过去式。根据上下文的时态不难得出答案。17.解析：考查连词搭配neither.nor.表示既不也不18解析：考查连词。“whynotdosth.为什么不做某事”，可以看作固定搭配使用。19解析：考查形容词。其结构形式为a/an形容词单数名词。20解析：考查定语从句的连词。先行词是Nicksguests，who在从句中作主语。,21解析：考查介词。是固定搭配，“atalowerprice”是“以较低的价格”的意思。22解析：考查介词。“showrespectforsth.”是“对尊重”的意思。23解析：考查副词，修饰动词destroy。24解析：考查冠词。asmallamountofsth.是固定搭配。25解析：考查非谓语动词，ving形式表伴随。,.2012高考广东卷Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,16._(wear)sunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe17._(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt18._(please)，becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasnther，itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin19._lastrow.,wearing,hadbought,pleased,the,20_hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback，hewaswrong.Itmighthavemadeitalittle21._(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidntstopthekidsintheclass.Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim,theyhadtolookatMary,22._madeherfeellikeastar.,If,harder,which,“Doyouneedthoseglassesformedicalreasons?”theteacherasked.Thenewboyshookhishead.“ThenIdappreciateitifyoudidntweartheminclass.IliketolookatyoureyeswhenImspeakingtoyou.”Thenewboylookedattheteacher23._afewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered24._theboywoulddo.Thenhetook25._off,gaveabigsmileandsaid,“Thatscool.”,for,what,them,16解析：因已有谓语动词appeared，动词wear前又没有并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，它应是非谓语动词作状语，表示伴随情况；又因he与wear是主动关系，故用现在分词。17解析：在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能买下了这个学校，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填hadbought。18解析：在系动词felt后作表语,用形容词,表示“高兴的”。19解析：特指最后的那一排，或在序数词前，用定冠词。,20解析：因hethought.与hewaswrong是两个句子，且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词；根据两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示条件的If。意为“要是他想坐后排可以逃避老师注意，那他就错了”。21解析：作宾补依然是要用形容词,所以不作词类转换,可考虑比较级；句中alittle修饰比较级harder,表示“更难一点”。22解析：引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子。,23解析:表示某个动词或状态延续了多久,用“for时间段”。24解析：引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，故用连接代词。25解析：代替前面的thoseglasses，作tookoff的宾语，用人称代词的宾格。,.2011高考广东卷OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment16._(late)thatday.Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme17._thebusarrived.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback，andthenInoticedaman18._(sit)atthefront.He19._(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.Hemustbe20._(mental)disabled.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto21._hewastryingtotalk，butaftersomeminutes22._walkedawayandsatnearme，lookingannoyed.,later,until,sitting,waspretending,mentally,whom,they,IdidntwanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidntlikeleavinghim23._hisowneither.AfterawhileIrosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebus.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad24._amazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.ImgladImadeachoice.Itmade25._ofusfeelgood.,on,an,both,解题导语本文是一篇记叙文，内容是关于“我”在公交车上遇见一位看起来精神有些不太正常的人的故事。当时尽管车上人不多，但没有一位乘客愿意和他搭话，最终为了不使这个人感到不适，“我”主动去和他交谈。,16解析：考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知此处时间状语意思是：当天晚些时候，用late的比较级。17解析：考查状语从句。根据句意可以猜测出其意思是：直到，用until。18解析：考查非谓语动词。作感官动词notice的宾语补足语，与notice的动作同时进行，用v.ing形式。19解析：考查动词时态。所填词表示当时正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。20解析：考查副词。修饰形容词，应用副词。21解析：考查定语从句。先行词是people，关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，用whom。,22解析：考查代词。作句子主语，指代前文中的otherpeople，故用人称代词的主格they。23解析：考查介词。此处所填词与onesown构成搭配，作状语，用on。24解析：考查冠词。此处所填词构成短语havea/an.conversation，意思是：和交谈，因为amazing以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。25解析：考查不定代词。根据句意可知本句中的us指我和那位乘客，是两个人，故此处用both。,.2010高考广东卷Ayoungman，whiletravelingthroughadesert，cameacrossaspringofclearwater.16._waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder17._hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafourdayjourney，theyoungman18._(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink，smiled19._(warm)，andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome20._ahappyheart.,The,who,presented,warmly,with,Afterthestudentleft，theteacherlet21._studenttastethewater.Hespititout,22._(say)itwasawful.Apparently，itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher，“Sir，thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike23._？”Theteacherreplied，“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe24._(sweet)”Weunderstandthislessonbest25._wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeoradiamondnecklace，theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.,another,saying,it,sweeter,when,16解析：考查冠词。由上文aspringofclearwater第一次提到water，下文再次提到water是特指。17解析：考查定语从句。who引导定语从句修饰elder且作从句的主语。18解析：考查谓语动词时态。本题缺少谓语，由整篇文章知道时态为过去时。19解析：考查副词的使用。修饰动词smile应用副词。20解析：考查介词。本处缺介词，构成介词短语，并且表伴随状态。21解析：考查代词。由student单数可知前面应指一个人，由下文“Heaskedhisteacher”可知是另一个学生。,22解析：考查非谓语动词。整句汇总已有谓语动词spit，故此处应填非谓语动词，又表伴随状态，用v.ing形式。23解析：考查代词。由上文“thewaterwasawful”可知，是问为什么假装喜欢水，水为不可数名词，由代词it代替。24解析：考查形容词比较级。用nothing与anactofkindnessandlove相对比。25解析：考查从句的连词。由when引导状语从句。,20102014广东高考语法填空体裁、题材一览表,20102014年广东高考语法填空考点分析1近5年，语法填空主要考查的是记叙文，主要题材涉及日常生活经历等。210个空主要分为纯空格和有提示词两种。其中纯空格题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词而且仅为一个词；而给词填空的空格中主要考查名词、动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词等，而且这类词需要根据文章逻辑，进行时态，语态，词类等变化。3基本上每个语法点都会涉及到1到2个题，很少超过3题，所以做正规语法填空试题的时候某一个语法点的考查不太会超过3个。,4考点规律:1)动词是必考点,一定会考查谓语和非谓语动词;2)冠词、代词、介词、词性转换是必考点；3)连接词中，定语从句连接词考频最高；4)形容词比较级是高频考点。5备考建议：2015年高考对此题型的考查方向不会有太大变化。各位考生在进行语法填空题型的备考时，除了平时打好自己的语法基础外，也应该多了解历年的此种题型考查的知识点的分布，弄清楚哪些知识点会考，哪些不会考，哪些题型不会重复考等等。另外，多做练习，熟悉题型的考点分布规律和考查特征，也有助于提高分数。,一、英语的基本结构就是5种基本句型和Therebe句型构成的，如下：1Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)2Subject(主语)Link.V(系动词)Predicate(表语)3Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Object(宾语)4Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirectobject(间接宾语)Directobject(直接宾语),二、解题图示认真研究下面图示，有助于提高考生在做题时的敏感度和做题效率。,“语法填空”考查的主要内容是句子结构、句子成分之间的一致性和句子与篇章在结构和意义两个层面上的制约性。语言结构的分析能力是本题考查的重点，在做题时应该遵循“先总后分”的原则。1通读全文，把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。,反向出题，逆向思维。尝试改换角色，自己出题，体验思考角度，提高解题的敏锐度。语法填空训练之反向训练法：高考出题人往往是将一篇相对完整的短文加以改造，而且比较均匀地考察各个语法项目，所以考生也可以将一篇语法填空在将它的答案全部回填之后站在出题人的角度试着出题，这样有利于提高考生对于语法项目的敏感度，也有利于加强对语法项目的深入理解。请将下面短文设计为语法填空，考察项目为10个。依照历年高考题考点表，看谁出题最贴近高考题。,(2014广州二模)HowcanweknowthatthebirdsweseeintheSouthinthewinterarethesameonesthatcomenorthinthespring?OnceJohnJAudubon,abirdlover,wonderedaboutthis.Everyyearhewatchedapairoflittlephoebesnestinginthesameplace.Hedecidedtoputtinysilverbands(箍)ontheirlegs.Thenextspring,thebirdswiththebandscamebackintheverysameplace.Thephoebe,itwaslearned,spentwinterwhereitwaswarmenoughtofindfood.TodaytherearehundredsofbirdbandersalloverAmerica.,ThegovernmentoftheUS.hasaspecialbirdbandingdepartmentwhichmakesallthebirdbands.Thebandsdonothurtthebirds,astheyaremadeofaluminiumandareverylight.Eachbandhasaspecialnumber.Oneachbandarethesewords:“InformFishandWildlifeService,WashingtonDC.”AnyonewhofindsadeadbirdwithabandonitslegsisaskedtosendthebandtoWashingtonwithanotetellingwherethebirdwasfound.Inthiswaynaturalistsaddtotheirknowledgeofthehabitsandneedsofbirds.,可能会出现的出题和相应的答案如下：HowcanweknowthatthebirdsweseeintheSouthinthewinterarethesameonesthatcomenorthinthespring?OnceJohnJAudubon,abird1._(love),wonderedaboutthis.Everyyearhe2._(watch)apairoflittlephoebes3._(nest)inthesameplace.Hedecided4._(put)tinysilverbands(箍)on5._legs.Thenextspring,thebirds6._thebandscamebackin7._verysameplace.Thephoebe,itwas8._(learn),9._(spend)winter10._itwaswarmenough11._(find)food.TodaytherearehundredsofbirdbandersalloverAmerica.,lover,watched,nesting,toput,their,with,the,learned,spent,where/wherever,tofind,ThegovernmentoftheUS.hasaspecialbirdbandingdepartment12._makesallthebirdbands.Thebandsdonothurtthebirds,13._theyaremade14._aluminiumandareverylight.Eachbandhas15._specialnumber.16._eachbandarethesewords:“InformFishandWildlifeService,Washington，D.C.”17._whofindsadeadbird18._abandonitslegs19._(ask)tosendthebandtoWashingtonwithanote20._(tell)21._thebirdwasfound.22._thiswaynaturalistsadd23._24._knowledgeofthehabitsandneedsofbirds.,which/that,because/as/for,of,a,On,Anyone,with,isasked,telling,where,In,to,their,一、纯空格试题的解题技巧(一)代词和限定词(冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词)1(2014高考广东卷)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid16._wasawonderfulholidaydestination.解析：said后从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。,it,2(2014广州调研)However，hisfamewasnotaccompaniedbymoneyandhefound_necessarytoreturntofarming.解析：充当形式宾语，指代toreturntofarming.3(2014肇庆期末)Infact，microblog_isoflittleharm.解析：作为microblog的同位语。4(2012高考广东卷)Thenhetook25._off，gaveabigsmileandsaid，“Thatscool.”解析：代替前面的thoseglasses，作tookoff的宾语，用人称代词的宾格them。,it,itself,them,5(2013茂名二模)ThenIrealizedIdidntevenknowhername.Iaskedallofmyprofessorsbut_knewhername.解析：因为but后面的并列句缺少主语，只有代词可以充当，逻辑说明是没有人知道，所以只有选不定代词nobody。6(2013佛山一模)Maknows_thedogsnames，andwhenshecallsonesname，thedoginstantlyknowssheisreferringtoit.解析：从后文whenshecallsonesname，thedoginstantlyknowssheisreferringtoit.可以得知Ma知道所有狗的名字。7(2014茂名二模)Thesecondshegottohimhefoldedherin_powerfularmsandgaveherahugehug.解析：指代主语he。他把她搂在怀里。,nobody,all,his,8.(2014茂名一模)Intheearlyyearsof1980s.mychildhooddreamcametrue.Andthen，_dreambecameclearerandclearerinmymind.Imusttrymybesttoescapeoutofmypoorandbackwardhometown.解析：儿时梦想已经成真。离开贫穷的家乡是“另外”一个梦想。9.(2014佛山一模)Theytestedkiteglidersbothwithandwithout_pilot.解析：此处是泛指，pilot是单数可数名词。,another,a,10(2014高考广东卷)Whatsworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewassurprisinglyhelpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon23._topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom,andwewerentchargedextra.解析：特指“在顶楼”。,the,11(2013高考天津卷)Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilarto_describedinthismagazine.解析：此时介词to缺少一个宾语，后面的describedinthismagazine是过去分词作后置定语，那此处应填一个代词，又因为前有afewmachines是复数，所以用复数形式的代词作宾语。12(2012广州二模)Anincreaseinemploymentopportunitiesforwomenwouldincrease_householdpower,thereportsaid.解析：此处代指womens,作定语修饰householdpower。,those,their,(二)介词名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。1(2014高考广东卷)Ididntunderstandwhythiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged21._thereservation.解析：因charge.for.是习惯搭配。2.(2013高考广东卷)Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt_alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.解析：此处的主谓结构式为Theonlyreasonwouldbe.amanwouldsellsalt.作为定语从句修饰reason，所以介词加上alowerprice作为状语。根据固定搭配得出at。,for,at,3(2013高考广东卷)Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect22._thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit.解析：“showrespectforsth.”是“对尊重”的意思。4(2012高考广东卷)Thenewboylookedattheteacher23._afewseconds.解析：afewseconds前是空格，且afewseconds不作主语或表语，也不作动词的宾语。表示某个动词或状态延续了多久，用“for时间段”。,for,for,5(2014茂名二模)MylovelytripdownmemorylanewasinterruptedwhenIheardthecar_mesounditshorn.解析：“表示在后面”，在判断此处为介词加me作为后置定语来修饰thecar时，汽车按响了喇叭这个逻辑确定了车应该是在我的后面。6(2014广州调研)In1783hestartedcomposingpoetry_atraditionalstyleusingtheAryshiredialectofScots.解析：从句式分析得出此处应该是介词加名词作状语，inastyle表示“以某种方式”的意思。7(2014惠州三模)Whenclimbedupthetable,therewerealargepieceofbread，fruitandcheese_it.解析：食物都应放在桌面上。,behind,in,on,(三)连词若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词，如果是从属连词，要确定是哪种从句，广东高考语法填空常考的有状语从句和定语从句，其次是名词性从句。1(2014高考广东卷)Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach24._wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.解析：先行词是地点thebeach且在定语从句中作状语，故填where(onwhichandonthebeachandthere)。,where,2(2013高考广东卷)Nicksguests,20._hadheardtheirconversation，askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.解析：考查定语从句的连词。先行词是Nicksguests，who在从句中作主语。3(2012高考广东卷)20._hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback，hewaswrong.解析：因为hethought.与hewaswrong是两个句子，且两者间无关联词，必填关联词；据两句间逻辑关系，应填表假设的“如果”。4(2014广州一模)Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry，_hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.解析：此处是非限制性定语从句，who代指前面的people。,who,If,who,5(2014江门一模)Butsheneverforgototherchildrenofthemountains_parentscouldntaffordtosendthemtoschool.解析：此句的先行词是children，跟后文的parents构成了所属关系，故应填关系代词whose。6(2014揭阳一模)However，whenIhadtogoback_Iforgotmybook,Inoticedshehadjustfinishedpickingthemupbyherself.解析：后面是两个主谓成分完整的句子，故判断此处为连词，逻辑关系为因果关系。7(2014肇庆期末)Itisyourattitudetowardsit_matters.解析：此句是强调句,“正是你对待它的态度，才是重要的”。,whose,because,that,二、有提示词的解题技巧(一)若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和语气。(二)若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用v.ing形式、v.ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。(3)作主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。,二、有提示词的解题技巧(一)若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和语气。(二)若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用v.ing形式、v.ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。(3)作主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。,(三)若所缺词作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语或在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，用名词形式。(1)提示词是形容词，且位于句首、句末、动词前后、形容词前后或副词前后，应考虑填入副词。(2)提示词如果是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。(3)提示词为动词或名词，空格处作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。,1(2014高考广东卷)We18._(tell)thatourroomshadntbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.解析：由句意或tellsb.sth.这一句型结构可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般