《英语的主语》PPT课件.ppt

英语的主语,xdl146,主语+谓语+宾语+状语英语中充当主语成分有哪些词或短语？1.名词或代词2.动词短语：A.动名词：doingsth/beingdoneB.动词不定式：todosth3.句子（宾语从句）：A.that.B.whether.C.what/when/where.,一.名词或代词1.名词前一般需要修辞词(特别是可数名词单数）修辞词：指示代词：this,that,these,those冠词：a/an/the人称代词所有格：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their注意：每次只能用一个,你的孩子你的那个孩子YourchildYourthatchild第二个词组是错的它是个带情感的短语：译成英语：thatchildofyours.(yourchild)模式：that/this+名词+ofmine/yours.,你的那部车是多脏。她的这个裙子在国外买的。Thatcarofhisisverydirty.Thisskirtofherswasboughtabroad.2.我的朋友OneofmyfriendsAfriendofmine(myfriends),3.动词短语变为名词短语：1）MakepapermakingpaperpapermakingPapercutting,stampcollecting,2)sellticketssellingticketsthesellingofticketsthedevelopmentofeconomythedevelopmentofintelligenceThemakingofamuralenterspeoplescollectivememoryasanextraordinary,pleasantmomentinneighborhoodhistory,Companiesthatweredevotedtotheproductionofadscametobeknownas“advertisingagencies(广告商).3)shopathomehomeshoppingShopinthestoreStoreshopping4）hearrivedinBeijingHisarrivalinBeijing,4.表示“的.”方法：1）用人称代词所以格：MybookHishometownOurworkMysistersshirtTheteachersoffice2)无生命的，用ofThelegsofthedesk,thehomeoftheinternationallycelebratedCambridgeFilmFestival.theidealhomeofangelsThesiteishometoChinaslargestdinosaurpark.3)用toThekeytothelockTheanswertothequestionThekeytosolvingtheproblemTheentrancetothehole,二.动词短语作主语：1.动词不定式：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。完成这项工程花了他们两年时间。掌握两门外语是必要的。生活在大城市是一个挑战。Tocompletetheprojecttookthemtwoyears.Tomastertwoforeignlanguagesisnecessary.,Toliveinalargecityisachallenge.分析：1.动词不定式作主语视为单数：也就是说谓语用单数形式。2.动词不定式做主语过长，显得头重脚轻。英语中常用it做形式主语，把动词不定式短语（即主语）放在句末。,Tocompletetheprojecttookthemtwoyears.Ittookthemtwoyearstocompletetheproject.Tomastertwoforeignlanguagesisnecessary.Itisnecessarytomastertwoforeignlanguage.,Toliveinalargecityisachallenge.Itisachallengtoliveinalargecity.用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用Itisto的句型.（对）Toteachistolearn.（错）Itistolearntoteach.,3.动词不定式的逻辑主语用for+名词和代词的宾格放在不定式的前面。Itsnecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.Itisimportantformodernyoungpeopletomasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages.ItisimportantforusyoungpeopletolearnEnglishandmasterit.,Itsverykindyoutohelpus.Itseemedselfishhimnottogivethemanything.这种情况我们不能用for.因为Foryoutohelpusisverykind.Forhimnottogivethemanythingseemedselfish.句子不通，不符合逻辑。此时我们用of来引导。,Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.Youaresokindastohelpus.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.Heseemedsoselfishasnottogivethemanything.Soadjastodosth:如此.以致,这种情况是由形容词决定的：表示人物性格，特征和评价人物的行为等kind,nice,polite,careful,foolish,honest,right,brave,selfish(自私的),generous(慷慨的),unwise,wrong,wise.等句型：Itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.,4.Itis名词（apleasure,apity,apleasantthing,onesduty,anhonor,ashame,acrime,noeasyjob.）不定式Itisasheerwasteoftimetoreadthatkindoftrash.Itisapitytohavetogowithouther.Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.ItsmydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNo.3MiddleSchool.,Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.Itmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontact。,2.动名词做主语1）表示经常性的动作.2)视为单数（即谓语用单数）早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。ReadingEnglishaloudinthemorningwilldoyoualotofgood.考试作弊毁坏人的性格。Cheatingonanexamruinsonescharacter.,3.动名词的否定：在动名词前加not4.动名词的逻辑主语：用名词的所有格放在动名词前。他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。Hisbeingelectedourchairmanmadeusthinkofalot.Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.,LaoLisgoingwontbeofmuchhelp.5.动名词做主语一般不后置，但如果表语是nouse,nogood,awasteoftime,worthwhile时常后置。Itsnousegoingtheretoday;hewontbeathome.Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Itsnogoodwaitinghere.Letswalkhome.,itisworthwhilehavingsuchacompanion.Itisworthwhiletoimproveworkingconditionsfortheworkers.努力提高工厂工人的工作条件是值得做的。,三.句子做主语（主语从句）1.that引导的从句Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.说明：1）该句子是完整的句子（陈述句），that不能省略。That没有实际意义。只是起替身的作用。,2)that引导的从句做主语视为单数（即谓语用单数）3.有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。这时，在口语中，连词that有时则可以省略。Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.,Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwasobvious.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.,用it作形式主语的结构:Itis名词从句:Itisafactthat.Itisanhonourthat.Itiscommonknowledgethat.Itisapitythat.Itisawonderthat.Itisashamethat.Itisnowonderthat.,她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.itis形容词+that.Itistrue/possible/clear/probable/likely.that.Itisclearthathewastellingthetruth.Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.,Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.在Itisnecessary/natural/important/strange.+that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用“should+原形”,表虚似语气这个问题必须马上解决.Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesettledatonce.Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.,it不及物动词从句Thatherhairwasturninggreyworriedherabit.Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.ThatPeterdidnttellanybodywherehewasshockedme.ItshockedmethatPeterdidnttellanybodywherehewas.,itis过去分词that.WeallknowthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.ThatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.ItwasknowntousallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.Itis/wasreported/said/.that.,Hetoldmethatawell-knownscholarwouldcometoourschoolthenextmonth.Irmsbthat.remindsbthat.,It+seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句：Itseems/edthat.Itappears/edthat.Ithappenedthat.这里it没有意义：Itseemsthathehaslostsomething.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.,Itoccurredtosbthat.突然想起Itcameaboutthat.Itstrucksbthat.我突然想起下星期我该去拜访我的朋友珍妮.ItoccurredtomethatIshouldpayavisittomyfriendJanenextweek.,Itcameaboutthattheteamwhichhadbeenconsideredthemostbackwardinthefactorybroketheproductionrecord.我们厂发生了这样的事：一个一向被认为最落后的班组打破了生产记录。,2.whether引导的从句做主语不容许if来引导。Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.Whetherhewilljoinuswontmaketoomuchdifference.,Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.说明：1)注意时态2）语序3）有时可用it做形式主语，把真正的主语放在句末。Itdoesntmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.,Whetherhewilljoinuswontmaketoomuchdifference.Itwontmaketoomuchdifferencewhetherhewilljoinus.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.Itremainsaproblemwhetheritistrue.whetherweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.Itremainstobedecidedwhetherweshallraiseducksorgeese.,3.特殊问词引导的从句做主语。从句为陈述句顺序。特殊问词在从句中充当成分。从句的意义相当名词。,Whatisdonecantbeundone.Whatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.Whatweneedistime.Whattheyareafterisprofit.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.,wasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomearealityisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld,ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.hesaidatthemeetingencouragedeveryone.wasresponsiblefortheaccidentisnotyetcl