人格特质论文：大学生创业意向影响因素实证研究.doc

人格特质论文：大学生创业意向影响因素实证研究【中文摘要】近年来,随着高校毕业生人数的增多,就业压力不断增大,有越来越多的大学生走上了自主创业。在校大学生作为潜在的创业主力军,研究其创业意向有助于加深对大学生创业的探索,推进大学生的创业进程。本文对大学生创业意向的影响因素进行了研究,主要探讨了人格特质及大学创业环境对创业意向的影响。在现有研究基础上,引入创业自我效能概念,建立起大学生人格特质、大学创业环境、创业自我效能、社会关系网络及创业意向之间的理论假设模型。通过访谈和初始问卷调查,对研究构思进行了修正和完善。通过对473位大学生的问卷调查,采用SPSS和AMOS统计软件对所提出的假设进行了检验和分析,并得出了以下主要结论：(1)我国大学生创业自我效能是一个包含机会识别效能、创新效能、风险承担效能、管理效能和关系协调效能五维度的结构模型；(2)大学生主动性人格、成就需要、冒险倾向、大学创业环境与创业自我效能显著正相关；创业自我效能对创业意向有显著的正向预测作用；社会关系网络对创业意向有显著的正向影响；(3)创业自我效能在冒险倾向与创业意向之间起部分中介作用,在主动性人格、成就需要、大学创业环境与创业意向之间起完全中介作用；(4)不同背景因素的大学生的创业自我效能和创业意向存在显著差异：经管类学生的创业意向高于理工类学生,有工作或实习经验的学生的创业意向高于没有任何工作经验的学生,有创业朋友的学生其创业意向也显著高于没有创业朋友的学生,参加过创业教育的学生的创业意向高于没有任何创业教育经历的学生。另外,大学生创业自我效能在专业、有无工作实习经历、是否有朋友创业及创业教育参与程度等背景变量上有显著差异。最后,根据实证研究的结果,有针对性地为提高高校创业教育,培养学生创业心理品质,提高学生的创业自我效能和创业意向提供一些参考意见。同时也讨论了本文的研究局限以及研究展望。【英文摘要】In recent years, with the growing number of college graduates, the employment pressure is increasing, there are more and more college students go on the venture. College students as the main force of potential entrepreneurship, study its entrepreneurial intention helps to deepen the exploration of studentsentrepreneurship, promoting the process of entrepreneurship among university students.This paper studies the impact factors of entrepreneurial intention, investigating the personality traits of college students and entrepreneurial environment impact on entrepreneurial intentions. Based on existing research, introducing the entrepreneurial self efficacy, the thesis built theoretical assumptions model among personality traits, University of entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial self efficacy, social network and entrepreneurial intention. Through interviews and initial investigation, the study of ideas was amended and improved. Through the questionnaire survey of 473 students, using statistical software such as SPSS and AMOS to examine and analyze the assumptions. The study reached the following conclusions:(1)Students ESE construct consists of five dimensions, such as Opportunity identification, innovation, risk taking, management and relationship coordination;(2)Proactive personality, achievement needs, risk-taking tendency, University of entrepreneurial environment were significantly positively related to entrepreneurial self-efficacy; entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a significant positive influence on entrepreneurial intention; social network has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial intentions;(3)Entrepreneurial self-efficacy has partial mediate effect between risk taking and entrepreneurial intention, the relationship among proactive personality, need for achievement, University entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial intention were fully mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy;(4)There are significant differences on the ESE and entrepreneurial intention among different background factors:Students major in economics and management have higher entrepreneurial intentions than science and engineering students, Students with work or practical experience have higher intention than those who dont have any work experience, Entrepreneurial intentions that who with entrepreneurial friends are significantly higher than students who dont have business friends, The students participated in entrepreneurship education have higher intention than those students without any experience of enterprise education. In addition, entrepreneurial self efficacy in professional practice, with or without work experience, whether you have a friend on entrepreneurship and enterprise education participation and other background variables have significant differences.Finally, based on the results, some suggestions can be provided to enhance entrepreneurship education, training student entrepreneurship psychological quality, improving students entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions. There also discusses the limitations and research prospect of this article.【关键词】人格特质 大学创业环境 创业自我效能 社会关系网络 创业意向【英文关键词】Personality traits University of entrepreneurial environment entrepreneurial self-efficacy social network entrepreneurial intention【目录】大学生创业意向影响因素实证研究摘要6-7Abstract7-8第1章 绪论12-181.1 研究背景121.2 问题的提出12-141.3 研究意义14-151.3.1 理论意义141.3.2 现实意义14-151.4 研究目的15-161.5 研究内容161.6 研究流程和方法16-181.6.1 技术路线图16-171.6.2 研究方法17-18第2章 文献综述18-322.1 创业的概念182.2 人格特质的相关研究18-222.2.1 成就需要的相关研究19-202.2.2 冒险倾向的相关研究20-212.2.3 主动性人格的相关研究21-222.3 社会认知理论22-262.3.1 三元交互决定论22-232.3.2 自我效能理论23-262.4 创业自我效能26-292.4.1 创业自我效能的定义262.4.2 创业自我效能的测量及维度结构26-292.5 创业意向29-302.5.1 创业意向的测量292.5.2 创业意向的影响因素研究29-302.6 对已有研究的述评30-32第3章 研究模型与研究假设32-423.1 研究模型的提出32-333.2 理论假设的提出33-423.2.1 个人特质与创业自我效能的关系假设33-343.2.2 大学创业环境与创业自我效能的关系假设34-353.2.3 创业自我效能与创业意向的关系假设35-363.2.4 个体背景特征与创业自我效能及创业意向的关系假设36-393.2.5 创业自我效能的中介作用假设39-403.2.6 社会关系网络与创业意向的关系假设40-42第4章 问卷设计与数据收集42-514.1 研究对象424.2 调研访谈42-454.3 问卷设计45-484.3.1 大学创业环境的测量454.3.2 社会网络支持的测量45-464.3.3 人格特质的测量464.3.4 创业意向的测量46-474.3.5 创业自我效能的测量47-484.4 预测试48-494.5 样本回收和人口统计资料49-51第5章 数据统计分析与假设检验51-865.1 问卷结构信度和效度分析51-585.1.1 人格特质的信度和效度分析52-535.1.2 大学创业环境的信度和效度分析535.1.3 社会关系网络的信度和效度分析53-545.1.4 创业意向的信度和效度分析545.1.5 创业自我效能的信度和效度分析54-565.1.6 创业自我效能的二阶验证性因子分析56-585.2 变量间相关分析58-605.2.1 人格特质与创业自我效能的相关分析58-595.2.2 大学创业环境与创业自我效能的相关分析595.2.3 创业自我效能与创业意向的相关分析59-605.2.4 社会关系网络与创业意向的相关分析605.3 不同背景特征的差异性分析60-655.3.1 性别在创业意向上的独立样本T检验60-615.3.2 专业在创业意向上的独立样本T检验61-625.3.3 学历在创业意向上的独立样本T检验625.3.4 个人工作经历对创业意向的独立样本T检验62-635.3.5 父母的创业经历对创业意向的独立样本T检验635.3.6 朋友的创业经历对创业意向的独立样本T检验63-645.3.7 创业教育对创业意向的F方差检验64-655.4 不同背景因素在创业自我效能上的差异性分析65-755.4.1 性别在创业自我效能上的独立样本T检验65-665.4.2 专业在创业自我效能上的独立样本T检验66-675.4.3 学历在创业自我效能上的独立样本T检验67-695.4.4 个人工作经历对创业自我效能的独立样本T检验69-705.4.5 父母的创业经历对创业自我效能的独立样本T检验705.4.6 朋友的创业经历对创业自我效