2011年高考一轮复习(新人教版英语)知识点梳理课件：选修8U.ppt

Book8Unit1Alandofdiversity基础落实.高频单词思忆1.Hehastwentyheadof(牛)onhisfarm.2.Hehassixpiecesof(行李).3.(显然),shehaslostinterestinphysics.4.Shehadthe(不同)ofbeingthefirstwomantoswimtheChannel.,cattle,luggage,Apparently,distinction,5.Please(投入)acoinin/intotheslot.6.Wedbetterhacarfortheweekend.7.Thoseawhowanttogetthejobarerequiredtopresenttheirresumethismonth.8.Thehealthaareinvestigatingtheproblem.9.Researchithateatinghabitsarechangingfast.10.Theyfailedtogtheimportanceofhiswords.,insert,ire,pplicants,uthorities,ndicates,rasp,.重点短语再现1.用方法；借助2.坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）3.与某人合作或一起工作4.包括；吸收5.继续存在6.习惯于新的生活方式、工作等7.申请；请示得到8.背靠背9.划线；标出界线10.许多,bymeansof.,keepup,teamupwithsb.,takein,liveon,makealife,applyfor,backtoback,markout,agreatmany,.典型句式运用1.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，土著美国人很可能在一万五千年前就在加州生活着。(1)是指从外表、迹像上进行判断，有可能发生。possible指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。,考点提炼,likely,probable,(2)likely作主语，常用句型是：。(3)possible和probable都不能以人作主语，常用句型有：_或;probable只能用句型。,既可以用人也可以用物,Itislikelythat.或sb./sth.is,likelyto.,Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.,Itispossiblethat.,Itisprobablethat.,2.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.两百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国所在的西北沿海。（1）此句中的of后面所引导的是一个_。在英语中介词一般是不能带宾语从句的，但对于个别例外的词来讲，是可以自带从句作宾语的。,考点提炼,宾语从句,（2）what此时用作，可以用来引导、或。注意what的用法：当主句和从句同时缺少主语、宾语或表语时才可以用what。what也可以相当于定语从句的“”。,连接代词,主语,从句,宾语从句,表语从句,先行,词+引导词,3.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们认为这种多国籍的融合是如此巨大以致于不久就不会有主要的种族或文化团体，而只是多元文化的融合。(1)Itissaid/believed/thought/supposed/guessed/feared/reported/hoped/expected/concluded/announced/arrangedthat后接构成常用句型，此时，it是。,考点提炼,主语从句,形式主语,(2)“Itis+过去分词+that-clause”句式可以简化为：主语+be+过去分词+，且的时态和语态与原that从句保持一致。4.Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCalifornia.被这里气候和生活方式所吸引的来自世界各地的人们也移民到了加利福尼亚。句中的是过去分词短语作定语修饰前面的名词。句子的是immigrate。,考点提炼,不定式,不定式,attractedbytheclimate,andthelifestyle,people,谓语,导练互动重点单词1.meansScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.(回归课本P2),观察思考Everymeanshasbeentried.每种方法都试过了。Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.所有可行的方法都试过了。Thisplanmustbeputintopracticebyallmeans.这个计划必须付诸实施。Canyousolvetheproblembythismeans?你能用这种方法解决这个问题吗？,归纳总结means表示“”，其单复数同形。当means作主语且有等词修饰时谓语动词用单数；有some,several,many,few等词修饰时谓语动词用。means一般用于以下搭配：byallmeans尽一切办法；一定；务必；（表示答应）当然可以byanymeans无论如何bymeansof用，依靠bynomeans决不；并没有bythismeans用这种方法,方法，方式，手段,every,each,复数,即学即用(1)Todayanairshipisusedas(一种广告工具).(2)Theburglarsenteredthehouse(用)aladder.(3)(绝不)isthisthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.,ameansof,advertising,bymeans,of,Bynomeans,2.majorityOfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,.(回归课本P2)观察思考Themajorityis/aredoinghis/theirbest.大多数人都尽心尽力。Themajorityofmyfriendshavegoneabroad.我的大多数朋友都出国了。Amajorityofworkersnowworkfivedaysaweek.现在多数工厂每周工作五天。,归纳总结majority_。(1)majority为可数名词，指可数的概念，不指量（amount）。themajority作主语时，如果泛指多数，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可。(2)themajorityof+名词，表示“多数”，其后的谓语动词取决于of之后的名词。(3)majority常由great修饰。(4)majority的反义词是minority，意为“少数，少数派，少数票，少数人”，复数形式是minorities，意为“少数民族”。,n.大多数;大半,(5)inthe/amajority占大多数getamajority获得多数票haveamajorityoversb.获得多于某人的票数，战胜某人agreatmajority大多数by/withamajorityof以大多数赢得,即学即用(1)他以71票的优势赢得了该席位。Hewontheseatwith.(2)她在董事会以110的多数票当选为公司董事长。Shewaschosenasthepresidentofthecompany110intheboard.(3)多数人喜欢电脑胜过电视。seemtoprefercomputertoTV.(4)多数人赞成这个建议。Themajoritytheproposal.,amajorityof71,votes,byamajorityof,Themajorityofpeople,was/wereinfavourof,3.occurYes.Itdidntoccurtomethat.(回归课本P5)观察思考AtthebeginningofJuneaneventoccurred.六月初发生了一件事。Itoccurredtometovisitmyparents.我突然想去探望父母。Thatsounddoesnotoccurinmylanguage.我的语言里不存在那个音。,归纳总结occur_。occurtosb.发生在某人身上Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人想起做某事estosb.Itoccurstosb.that-clauseItstrikessb.that-clause,vi.发生;出现;存在,某人突然想起,即学即用（1）事故发生在五点钟。（2）她突然想到她可能会收养一个无家可归的孩子。（3）同一个主题在她的许多作品中都有。,Theaccidentoccurredatfiveoclock.,Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadopt,ahomelesschild.,Thesamethemeoccursinmanyofher,works.,4.percentageToday,Chinese-AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.(回归课本P2)观察思考Ahighpercentageofthecollegestudentshaveparttimejobsathomeandabroad.不管是在国内还是在国外，大多数的大学生一边学习一边打工。,Whatpercentageofhisincomeispaidinincometax?他收入的百分之几拿去交个人所得税？Agood/great/large/heavypercentageofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.现在大多数教科书有插图。,归纳总结percentage_。(1)percentage前不用具体的数字修饰，但可以被high,low等形容词修饰。(2)percent百分之，相当于“%”，其前面往往用具体数字修饰。(3)“apercentageof+n.”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据名词的单复数形式而定。,n.百分比;百分率;部分;某一比例,即学即用(1)(失业人口的比例)keepsrisingintherecentfinancialcrisis.(2)(大部分)thehotelsincome_(be)fromthevisitorstothelakenearby.,Theunemploymentpercentage,Alargepercentageof,is,重点短语与句型5.makealifeSomediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.(回归课本P2)观察思考Theproblemishowtheymakealife.问题是他们如何习惯于新的生活方式。Wemakealivingbywhatweget;wemakealifebywhatwegive.我们通过得到些什么来谋生；通过给予某些东西来适应生活。,归纳总结makealife意为：。cometolife突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃live/leada.life过着生活comebacktolife苏醒过来；恢复生气fulloflife充满生气make/earna/onesliving谋生start/makeanewlife开始新生活forlife终生，一生，终身tothelife栩栩如生，逼真,习惯于新的生活方式、工作等,即学即用(1)他们去了西部地区，决心去适应新生活。TheywenttotheWestanddecided.(2)他靠卖菜为生。Hesellingvegetables.(3)救援队使婴儿苏醒过来了。Therescueteam.,tomake,alifethere,earned/madea/hislivingby,broughtthebabybackto,life,6.keepupIn1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.(回归课本P2)观察思考Ihopethefineweatherwillkeepup.我希望好天气能保持下去。Ifyoudonotkeepupwiththepaymentsyoucouldloseyourhouse.如果你不继续付款，你的住房就可能保不住了。DoyoustillkeepupyourSpanish?你还坚持说西班牙语吗？,归纳总结keepup意为：_。keep的相关短语：keep(on)doingsth.继续、重复做某事keepsth.up使某物保持在高水平keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepon继续keepoutof.不进入（某处），留在外边keeptosth.遵守，信守keepupwith跟上，与同步前进,持续,维持;沿袭（风俗、传统等）,即学即用用keep的相关短语填空(1)Therainallafternoon.(2)thatdogmystudy!(3)Shelikestothelatestfashion.(4)Thechurchbellsmesleeping.,keptup,Keep,outof,keepupwith,keep,from,7.takeinItsa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.(回归课本P8)观察思考Thekindoldladyofferedtotakeinthepoorhomelesschild.那位好心的老太太主动收留了那可怜的无家可归的孩子。Dontletyourselfbetakeninbyhistricks.不要被他的花招欺骗。,Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.鱼用鳃吸取氧气。ThetourtakesinsixEuropeancapitals.这次旅游包括六个欧洲国家的首都。Ittookmequitealongtimetotakeinwhatyouweresaying.要花很长时间我才能领会你说的话。,归纳总结takein意为：_。take的相关短语：takeaway拿走；使离开；消除（病痛等）takedown记下来；拆掉takefor（错）当作；（误）以为takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下takeon呈现；雇佣takeover接收；接管，取代takeup占去，占据；开始从事,收留;欺骗；吸入；包括；理解，领会,即学即用(1)他一定是用他在墨西哥的经历来欺骗我们。HecertainlywithhisstoriesabouthisexperiencesinMexico.(2)这种布料吸水很好。Thiskindofclotheasily.(3)学英语占去了我大量的时间。LearningEnglishalotofmytime.(4)这座城市呈现出节日的气氛。Thecityafestiveair.(5)汤姆在其父亲去世后接管了那个农场。Tomwhenhisfatherdied.,tookusin,takesinwater,takesup,tookon,tookoverthefarm,8.agreat/goodmanySawsomeinterestingtempleshere,anumberofmarketsandagreatmanyrestaurants.(回归课本P8)观察思考Tomfoundthattherewereagreat/goodmanypeoplealreadythere.汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了。Itseemsthatagreat/goodmanyofthemareoutofworknow.似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。Agreatmanyoftheflowersarewhite.那些花多数是白色的。,归纳总结agood/greatmany意为：，后接，但agood/greatmany后接of时，必须加，如these/those/the/ones等，然后再加名词复数。manyagreatmanyagoodmanyagood/largenumberof,许多,大量,复数,名词,限定词,+可数名词的复数+复数谓语,muchagood/greatdealofalargeamountofalotoflotsofplentyoflargeamountsof+不可数名词+复数谓语quantitiesof+不可数名词+复数谓语aquantityof+不可数名词+单数谓语aquantityof+可数名词的复数+复数谓语amassof+可数名词的复数+复数谓语amassof+不可数名词+单数谓语massesof+可数名词的复数/不可数名词+复数谓语,+不可数名词+单数谓语,可数名词的复数+复数谓语不可数名词+单数谓语,+,即学即用(1)我们公司正在竭力寻找适合做这项工作的人。Ourcompanyistofindtherightpersonforthejob.(2)你得大大加快工作进度。Youllhavetowork.(3)许多人都参观过亚运村。havevisitedtheAsianGamesVillage.,takingagreatdealof,trouble,agreatdealfaster,Agood/greatmanypeople,9.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。典例体验ThatswhyIleftsoearly.这就是我早早离开的原因。ThisiswhereIwasborn.这是我出生的地方。Thisiswhenhejoinedthearmy.这是他入伍的日子。Thisishowhesolvedtheproblem.这是他解决问题的方式。,归纳总结句中的why引导的为。,引导，宾语从句，可译为“的原因；的时候；的地方；的方法”。Thatswhy.这就是为什么（why从句表示结果）Thatsbecause.这是因为（because从句表示原因）Thereasonwhy.is/wasthat.的原因是（表语从句常用that引导，而不用because）。,表语从句,why,when,where,how,表语从句,即学即用（1）汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。（2）汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。（3）汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。,Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwas,becausehewasill.,Tomwasill.Thatwaswhyhecamelate,forthemeeting.,ThereasonwhyTomcamelateforthe,meetingwasthathewasill.,品味构词合成词串联扩展,考题回扣【例1】Iftheresalotofwork,Imhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.（上海高考）A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing解析由句式结构可知，空格处应作为定语修饰work，且表示将来的时间，故须用动词不定式。现在分词强调动作正在进行，过去分词则强调动作已经完成。,A,课文原文Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.,【例2】bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.（天津高考）A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged解析encourage与主句主语manyfarmers之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应用被动形式，故排除B、D两项；A项表示该动作正在进行；Encouragedbytheadvancesintechnology为过去分词短语作原因状语。,C,课文原文Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCalifornia.,【例3】Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasaforeveryonetostandup.（湖北高考）A.signalB.chanceC.markD.measure解析A项“信号”；B项“机会”；C项“记号”；D项“措施”。句中it代替“铃响时教师合上书”这件事，而“它”正是大家要起立的“信号”。课文原文Theresafascinatingdrivemarkedoutfortourists.,A,【例4】Itisoftenthathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedtospeak.(全国高考)A.saidB.tosayC.sayingD.beingsaid解析句意为：经常听人说人类天生有说话的能力。Itissaidthat.为固定句式，意为“据说”。课文原文Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.,A,【例5】ItwasinNewZealandEliza-bethfirstmetMr.Smith.（全国高考）A.thatB.howC.whichD.when解析句意为：正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。It+be+被强调成分+that为强调句型。课文原文.,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.,A,自主检测.品句填词1.MostpeopleinourcityareHann.2.Therewereover500aforthejob.3.Whatpofhisincomeistaxable?4.Shesourchairs,soIhadhersandshehadmine.5.Thecitywasamofoldandnewbuildings.,ationality,pplicants,ercentage,wapped,ixture,6.Theyhadalargemovertheotherpartyatthelastelection.7.Aredskyatnightifineweatherthefollowingday.8.Localresidentshaverangrilytothenews.9.The(改革)ofteachingmethodshelpstotheimprovementofteachingquality.10.Hebag(滑动)offhershoulder.,ajority,ndicates,eacted,reform,slipped,.短语运用bymeansof,occurto,takein,inaddition,makealife,agreatmany,teamupwith,makeup,markout,beworthyof1.Shewasforearlypromotion.2.Itdidnthimthathiswifewashavinganaffair.3.Thereis,onefurtherpointtosay.4.Weexpressedourfeelingswords.,markedout,occurto,inaddition,bymeansof,5.peoplegainagreatdealofinformationfromtheInternet.6.Thebookbeingread.7.Areyouastory?8.thebigcompanyistheonlywaytobreakoutofmoneyproblem.9.Theyoungmenintheruralareashavetoleaveforbigcitiesto.10.SomeforeignculturehasbeenbyAmericanssothatamixedcultureisforming.,Agreatmany,isworthyof,makingup,Toteamupwith,makealife,takenin,.完成句子1.Theloadwaslifted(依靠方法)acrane.2.Intheteam,youngpeople(占多数).3.Thecompanycanonlysupply(我们所需的百分之二十).4.Oildoesnt(和水混合).5.Welltryourbesttoachieve(种族的)harmony.6.He(已经申请了这份工作).,bymeansof,areinthe,majority,20percentof,whatweneed,mixwithwater,racial,hasappliedforthejob,7.Heisdevotedtostudying(社会主义)principles.8.Manyaccidents(发生在家里).9.(研究表明)thatmenfinditeasiertogiveupsmokingthanwomen.10.Heranxiety(大家都看得出).,socialist,occurredinthehome,Researchindicates,wasapparenttous,.单项填空1.Whentheheadteacherannouncedhisplanforaspringouting,theofthestudentsintheclassforit.A.majority;wereB.most;didC.most;wereD.majority;was解析most的用法通常为“mostofthe+复数名词”或“most+复数名词”，故排除B、C两项；固定短语befor表示“支持，赞成”，所以答案为A项。注意：themajorityof后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数；若themajority单独作主语，谓语动词用单复数皆可。,A,2.Withanodofhishead,hemewhereIshouldsit.A.indicatedtoB.indicatedthatC.indicatetoD.indicatethat解析由题干可以看出，要用一般过去时态，所以C、D两项可排除；B项多了that;indicatetosb.向某人示意，符合题意。,A,3.Theboysaidsadly,“Noonecantellwillhappennext.”A.whatB.whenC.whoD.where解析此题考查连词。tell的宾语从句中缺少主语，所以用what。,A,4.Ialongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident.A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred解析此题考查时态。句意为：我正沿着街道找停车位，这时发生了交通事故。此处是when(这时，突然)句式之一；beabouttodowhen.。,C,5.Everymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen解析此题考查时态和语态。句意为：每种方法都试了，但是没有结果。由句意可知要用现在完成时态，强调对现在造成的影响。,D,6.ChemistryisabranchofChemistry.A.ApplyingB.ApplyC.AppliedD.Applicant解析此题考查apply的用法。applied通常作定语，意为“应用的，实用的”。句意为：应用化学是化学的一个分支。,C,7.Youhavedonesomuchworkyoupasstheexam.A.arelikelytoB.havetoC.canD.areboundto解析句意为：你做了那么多的习题你一定会通过这次考试的。beboundtodosth.一定做某事，符合句意。,D,8.Dontbebyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.A.takenoffB.takenoutC.takenawayD.takenin解析此题考查动词短语辨析。takeoff脱下；飞机起飞；takeout取出；ta