湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简导游词.doc

湖南长沙博物馆三国吴简导游词 TheExhibitionofInscribedBambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangsha Ladiesandgentlemen, WeletoChangshamuseum.Wellbeheretovisit“TheExhibitionofInscribedBambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangshaandTheYearsofUnearthedMostValuableCulturalRelics”.Ihopemyexplanationcansatisfyyou Now,weareinthefirstexhibitionhall.Here,itadoptspanoramictechnique,andrestoresthesiteofunearthingBambooTabletsofWuKingdom.In1996,duringJulytoNovember,inthesoutheastofWuYisquare,teamupwithPingHeTangDepartment.TheexhumationswerecarriedonbyChangsharelicsworkteams.Theyunearth61archaicwellsduringtheWarringStatesperiodandtheMingandQingDynasty,andfoundout3000kindsofrelics,likecopper,ironbamboo,wood,ceramics,andsoon.Topeoplesastonishment,intheNo.22archaicwell,theyfoundlotsofbambootabletsandwoodenslips.Afterconfirming,theyaretherelicsofSunWuinThreekingdoms1700yearsago.Thesepatchesofrelicswouldreplenishthelackedhistoricalmaterialsofthreekingdomsexactly.Ourcountryoncehadfourdiscoveries:TheoracleboneinscriptionofYin,bambootabletsandwoodenslipsofTunxuinnorthwestChina,CulturalbooksofDunhuangstoneroom,FilesofQingcabinet.BambooTabletsofWuKingdomoftheThreeKingdomsatChangshacanbementionedinthesamebreathwiththefourdiscoveries,andbeethesearchingsubjectofinternationalacademia. EverybodyPleaselookatthecrosssectionreconstructionoftheNO.22archaicwell.Itsupperpartofopeningwasdamagedwhenitwasexcavating.Thisisanirregularcircularshapeverticalshaft;thebottomhasabagformlikely.Theopeningofthewellhasalength3.5mfromsouthtonorth,3.1mfromeasttowest,and5.6mindepth.Theopeningiscoveredwithpureredbrowncolorclay,1.5mdeeperofwhichisthebambootabletsandwoodenslipslayer.Thebambootabletsandwoodenslipslayeris50cmthickincenterand20cmthinonallsides,piledupwithslopeform.Theropestiedthebambootabletsandwoodenslipshavebeerotten,butwecanseetheywereburiedbybundlesatthattime.Therearemorethan10,000piecesofbambootabletsandwoodenslipsbytheinitialstatistics.Thesecondlayeristhegraybrownclaylayerof3.1mthick,amongthemmixupwithlotsofbamboowoodscrapes,grassscrapes,leaves,fragmentarybricks,potteryandporcelainandsoon.Atthebottomofthewellisanothersmallwell,whichhassquarewoodenframe.Thefourcornersarenailedbyastickofspileinlayedwithtwowoodenboardsasthewellwall.Thecircleofthewellis93cmlong,58cmtall.Thefunctionofthissmallwellisprobablyforgatheringthegroundwaterfromallsidesofthewell,andthenputforwardtopouroutwithwaterpitcherandothertoolsinordertomaintainthewellspacedry.Thisisthelivingphototakenbythetimeofexcavating. AnalyzingthestructureandrelicsofthewellNO.22,itisanancientwellforstoringfood.TheclimateofChangshaissohot,wetandrainythatthefoodiseasytoberot,butthecircumstanceunderthegroundof10mdepthisjustlikeasamodernrefrigerator.ThearchaeologicaldiscoveriesapprovedthatpeoplehadusedthisstoringmethodfromthetimeofShangdynasty. Youmayaskthat,whywerethebambootabletsofWuKingdomburiedinthewell?Therearetwostatements.ThefirstoneconsideredthatintheperiodofThreeKingdoms,thereweresomanywars,thesuddenlyburstoutwarmadepeopleburythemhereinahurry.Theotherconsideredthattoburytheminthewellmaybeawayofdealingwiththerecordsinthepast. Nowpleaselookatthephoto.ThisisthephotoofunearthingtheNo.22well.Wecanseethatthebambootabletsandwoodenslipsweresoakedinthemud.Whycantheybekeptintactforover1700years?OneoftheimportantreasonsisthatthegroundwaterlevelinChangshawasveryhigh,andthebambootabletsandwoodenslipsweresoakedinthewater.Besides,theywereburieddeeply;theycanbesealedupwall.Withthese,theycanbekeptintactforover1700years. Next,letsvisitthesecondexhibitionroom.Inthisroomwecangetthedetailedintroductionofthebambootabletsandwoodenslips.Beforewevisit,Ihaveaquestiontoask.Doyouknowwhetherthewordsonthebambootabletsandwoodenslipswerewrittenorcarvedonthem?Withthequestion,letslookatthephotoofthepotteryfigurine.ThispotteryfigurinewasunearthedinaWesternJintombinJinpenlinginChangshain1950s.Ontheleftofthephotothereisamanhandingawoodenslipandreadingsomething,themanontherightwhowereholdingahairpencilinahandandawoodenslipintheotherwaswritingsomething.Thepotteryfigurineshowsustheconditionofancientswritingonthebambootabletsandwoodenslips.Now,wecansay,thewordonthebambootabletsandslipswerewrittenonthem.Didyouguessit? Toseeanothersetofphotos.ThisisahairpencilunearthedfromoneofthetombsoftheWarringStateatZuojiagongMountainofChangshain1954.Itsshaftislongandsmallbuteasytobebroken.Onthesideofitthereisabamboopipeusedforcontainingthepenwhenitiscollectedandpreserved.Thisisaninkstonewithlittleinkblocksnearit.Herealsoremainsabronzechoppingknifewhichisusedforthecalligraphertomakeinscribedbambooandwoodenslipsandcorrectwritingmistakes.ThisisasetofphotosofcalligraphytoolsdiscoveredinNo.168TombinJinancityofformercapitalofChuState.Inadditiontothis,thereare6piecesofwoodenslipswithoutcharacter.ThisisalsothemostpleteandmosttypicalsetofHanDynastysstationeryeverseenuptonow.Unitingourancientpeoplecalculatesthenumberoftheinscribedbambootabletsandwoodenslipsarenot“slice”,but“jin”.Itisrecordedinhistorythatthe1stemperorofQinDynastydidnothavearestuntilhefinishedreadingover120jinofmemorialtothroneandinscribedbambooandwoodenslips. Pleasenoticethefollowingbrieftabletaboutinformationoftheinscribedbambooandwoodenslipsunearthedfromallpartsofthenationfromthiscentury.Amongthis,thecolumninredcharacteristhenumberoftheinscribedbambooandwoodenslipsexcavatedfromChangshathistime.Thenumberthistimehasexceededthetotalamountofthatunearthedfromallpartsofthenationtheseyears.Therefore,itisnamedas“thesurprisingwonderoftheworld”and“oneofthemostimportantarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthiscentury.” ItiswellknownthatdocumenthistoryintheThreeKingdomPeriodhandeddownisveryrare.”TheAnnalsofThreeKingdom”byChenshouinXijinhas65volumes,amongwhichthereare30volumesofWeiBook,15volumesofShuBook,20volumesofWuBookwithtotalofmorethan1millioncharacters.Overtheyears,theunearthedinscribedbambooslipsandwoodentabletsinnationwidearchaeologyisalsorarelyseenandonlyexisttensofpiecesinAnhui,JiangxiandHubei.ButnowadaysinChangsha,thetotalnumberoftheexcavationoftheinscribedbamboofromWuStateinThreeKingdomPeriodreaches10thousandpiecesforjustonetimeandthetotalwordagereachesmorethan3millionifcountedwith20wordsineachpiece.Thesecharactermaterialsgreatlysurpassthetotalwordageinthatofthe“AnnalsofThreeKingdom”,whichoffersabundantmaterialforthestudyofsocialeconomy,politicalsystem,inscribedbambooandvolumesystem,historyandgeographyandalsofillthevacancyofhistoricworks.WecanforecastthatthediscoveryofinscribedbambooslipsfromWuStateinChangshawillsurelyinfluencemanyaspectsoftheChinesehistoricstudyandanewexaminingandverifyingthepastfinalconclusion. Well,letushavealookatthismap.Thoughtheseriesarchaeologicalexcavationaroundthe“Wuyisquare”byourarchaeologicalworkers,wehavepreliminarilydefinedtheregionoftheancientChangsha.Itextendsnorthwardto“LaoZhaobi”,southwardto“PoziStreet”,eastwardto“CaieRoad”andwestwardto“ShangheStreet”whichshapedrectangle.AndthecenterofChangshaistodays“WuyiSquare,which,wecansay,hasntchangedbasicallynearly3000years. Theunearthedinscribedbambooslipsandwoodentabletsforthistime,ifaccordingtotheirshape,theycanbedistributedtobigandsmallinscribedbambooslips,woodentabletsandsoon;ifaccordingtotheiruse,theycanbedistributedtofivekinds: Thefirstkindisdocument.Itcanbesubdividedintotwoparts.Oneisthelandrentdocumentwith0.5mlong,2.5cmwideand100to200Chinesecharacterson.Theotheristheofficialdocumentwhichrecordedthedistributionandexchangingofmoney,crops,andgoodsamongdifferentgovernmentalsetups.Pleaselookatthissmallerslice.Itisaclassifiedlabel.ItshowsusamonthlyreportrecordedbytwoofficialsnamedHuangWeiandPanlvinthefirstyearofJiaHeperiod. Second,aboutjudicature,whichrecordedsomedetailcontentsandeconomiccases,suchasthetrying,appealingandreexamining?WhatsonthiswoodentabletisanindividualcaseaboutaDuYou.DuYouisakindofgovernmentofficial.Hewassentencedtodeathforhiscorruptnessofsalt,buthewasnotconvincedandappealedtoahighcourt.However,thereexaminingdidnotmakethejudgechange.Sohehadnothingtodobutaccept. Thethirdkindisdirectory,somewhatlikethehouseholdandregisteredbookstoday.Letslookatthisslice.HeretheChinesecharacter“RongLi”wasanameofsomeplaceinChangsha.ThiswholesentencemeansthereisamannamedHeQin,55yearsold,livedinRongLi.HisdukedomisGongCheng.AndhereSuanYimeanscanbecountedasoneofataxpayer;XingLiangZureferstowhoselegshadbeencutoff.Thedirectoryservedasaregisteredpermanentresident,whichputdownpeoplesname,age,positionandsomethingwecantfindinourregisteredpermanentresidentphysicalcondition. Thefourthoneiscallingcard.Itmainlyreferredtopayingrespect,givinggiftandadministrativeaffairs,asvisitingcardsweusetoday. ThelastkindisthewoodentabletonaccountwhichrecordedthemanagingaccountofdepartmentsbelongstoChangshagovernment. Pleaselookatthesehistoricalrelicsagain.ThisblueandgreenporcelainintheThreeKingdomsandTowJinDynastieswerediscoveredinZouMalouancientwell.Look,theirglazedcolorsissparkingandcrystalclear,thedecoratearesimpleandelement.ThesecondamongthemiscalledChichenHeadPotting,thepottingiscoronalform,guidestheneckandproceededhigh,andthemodelingofitisverybeautiful.ThesepottingwereverypopularinJinDynasty.Theywereusedaspitcherandchalice. Everybodyhasseenmanyphotos,haslistenedtosomuchexplanation,nowweetoseetheoriginalofthebambooslips,woodentabletsorslipsforwriting. Now,youseeinthepyramidshapeexhibitioncupboard,itisabambooslipsandwoodentabletsorslipsoriginalthatexploredinZoumalouintheancientwellofthebuildingthistime.Thebambooslipsandwoodentabletsorslipsarethematerialthattheancientremainsofourcountryedowntowrite.Amongthemthenarrowandlongbamboo,thewoodchipsarecalledJian,thegenerouswoodchipscalledDu.Youmustdistinguishonefromtheother,notwoodmakearenamedDu,whatbamboomakenamedJian.Jianhasthewoodenone,too.Ok,therightsideofItheresetsomeinscribedwoodentablets,themiddleareheavyinscribedwoodenslips.Intheleft,theyarebambooslipsthatpressedunderthetransparentglass.Thecharacters