新概念英语第一册语法重点难点汇总.doc

新概念英语第一册语法重点难点汇总新概念一册语法点汇总第一部分:时态8种一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时1.一般现在时表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。（1）含有be动词的句子Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.变疑问句三步骤：将be动词移到句首，首字母大写，句号变问号。Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?变否定句在be动词后面加notThegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.（2）不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.变疑问句三步骤：在句首加does,动词变为原型，问号变句号。Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化：有了助动词的帮助，句中动词变回原形！Shedoesntlikehim.Thedogdoesntlikebones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesntYes,itdoes.No,itdoesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.变疑问句：在句首加do，句号变问号。Doyouwanttohaveabath?Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.Youdontwanttohaveabath.Wedonthaveanymeat.Thestudentsdontlikesmartteachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Yes,wedo.No,wedontYes,theydo.No,theydont.2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成：主语+be动词+动词的现在分词doingWearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?变否定句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.特殊疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?没有进行时的动词(必背)表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉，感官的词see,hear,like,love,want,2.have,has当“拥有”讲时没有进行时3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，am,is的过去式为was，are的过去式为wereIwasatthebutchers.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Wereyouatthebutchers?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?变否定句在be动词后面加notIwasnotatthebutchers.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.特殊疑问句：Whatdidyoudo?不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.变疑问句三步骤：在句首加did，动词变为原型，句号变问号。Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,Ididnt.Yes,hedid.No,hedidnt.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.4.现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词done用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了，不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了，不用再喝)Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去过，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.特殊疑问句：Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：IveleftBeijingfor3days.对：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.5.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehourstime,etc.表示将来的词联用结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形doIwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?变否定句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.特殊疑问句：Whatwillyoudo?6.过去完成时用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构：主语+助动词had+过去分词doneAftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?变否定句在助动词后面加notShehadntfinishedherhomework.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad.No,shehadnt.特殊疑问句：Whathadshedone?7.过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。结构：主语+was/were+现在分词doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.8过去将来时结构：主语+would+动词原形doShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.两个特殊句型：therebe句型，begoingto结构1)Begoingto结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?Aretheygoingtopaintit?Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?变否定句在be动词后面加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.特殊疑问句Whatareyougoingtodo?Whataretheygoingtodo?Whatisthefathergoingtodo?(必背)2)Therebe句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)Thereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)Therearetwopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isthereabookinthisroom?Aretheretwopensonthetable?变否定句在动词后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.第二部分其他句法及词法9问句一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句1)一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname?3)选择疑问句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?4)反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分Youdontneedthatpen,doyou?5)否定疑问句：一般疑问句+否定词Arentyoulucky?Dontyouwanthavearest?10限定词：some,any,many,muchsome,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用somemany修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.Ihavealotofmoney.Idonthavemuchmoney.11名词：种类，复数，名词所有格名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1)不可数名词无法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)不可数名词有以下特点：不能用a,an修饰不能加s和单数be动词或动词搭配2)可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+se.g.shellshellsbookbooks规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches,busbuses,watchwatches规则3以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes，(口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿)，剩下一般加s,radioradios规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves,shelfshelves,citycities,wifewives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesflyflies3)不规则变化的名词复数形式man(men)woman(women)foot(feet)goose(geese)tooth(teeth)child(children)sheep(sheep)deer(deer)mouse(mice)fish(fish)12副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.副词变化形式：直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化fast,hard,late有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately13情态动词的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1)情态动词can(能够)，must(必须)，may(可以)结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?变否定句在情态动词后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.特殊疑问句：Whatcanyoudo?注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2)Must/haveto的区别must表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，haveto是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何时态3)must,may,might表示猜测：mustdo表示对现在事实的猜测musthavedone表示对过去事实的猜测musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。cant/couldnt表示不可能14need用法：表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer?No,Idont.Ineedtohavearest.Needdoing=needtobedone，表示被动Theflowersneedwatering.Need在否定时做情态动词使用Youneedntgosoearly.=Youdontneedtogosoearly.MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneednt.15不定代词及不定副词：Someanynoeverythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody1)Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcantfinditanywhere.2)Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.3)Help!Somebody?Anybody?4)Youarereallysomething.5)Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourclass.6)Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.7)Nobodyisathome.8)Ihavenothingleft.16感叹句：1)What+名词+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!2)How+形容词+主语+谓语Howbeautifulthegirlis!17祈使句：祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。肯定句动词原型例，Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.否定：Dont+动词原型Dontcomehere.Dontsitdown.Dontstandup.Dontgivemeit.letsb.doLetmepass.Letushavearest.Letshavearest.反意疑问：Letshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?被问的人也一同去Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?被问的人不去18倒装句：so/neither的倒装Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididntgotoclass.NeitherdidI.结构：so/neither+be+主语so/neither+助动词+主语so/neither+情态动词+主语一般现在时，do,does/am,is,are现在进行时，am,is,are一般过去时，did现在完成时，have,has一般将来时，will,shall,过去进行时，was,were过去完成时，had过去将来时，would19直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词1)时态变化：一般现在时-一般过去时现在进行时-过去进行时一般过去时-过去完成时现在完成时-过去完成时一般将来时-过去将来时begoingto-was/weregoingto/wouldcan-couldmaymight2)时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there,tomorrow-thenextday,thefollowingday,this-that3)人称变化：根据句意改变人称。4)直接宾语/间接宾语主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。Hegivesmeabook.me间接宾语，abook直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Givemeabook.Givethebooktome.Sendhisaletter.Sendalettertohim.Showhimthenewdress.Showthenewdresstohim.20其他1)代词及be动词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey宾格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代词所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名词性代词mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe动词现在时Amareareareisarebe动词过去时waswerewerewerewaswere2)名词的复数规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+se.g.shellshellstoytoys规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches规则3以o结尾s或+ese.g.radioradiospotatopotatoes规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesstudystudiesSendhisaletter.Sendalettertohim.Showhimthenewdress.Showthenewdresstohim.20其他1)代词及be动词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey宾格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代词所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名词性代词mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe动词现在时Amareareareisarebe动词过去时waswerewerewerewaswere2)名词的复数规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+se.g.shellshellstoytoys规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches规则3以o结尾s或+ese.g.radioradiospotatopotatoes规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesstudystudies3)动词的第三人称单数形式规则1一般情况+se.g.like-likes,look-looks规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.do-does,catch-catches规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变yi+ese.g.carry-carries,fly-flies4)动词现在分词规则一一般动词加-inge.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing规则二以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-inge.g.make-making,take-taking,arrive-arriving规则三重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-inge.g.run-running,sit-sitting,get-getting,swim-swimming,stop-stopping5)动词过去式规则动词变化规则一一般动词加-ede.g.look-looked,watch-watched,play-played规则二以e结尾的加-de.g.make-maked,arrive-arrived规则三以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-edcry-cried,carry-carried规则四重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-edstop-stopped,过去式的读音在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/e.g.walked,jumped在浊辅音和元音后读/d/e.g.washed,watched在/t/，/d/后读/id/e.g.waited,hated6)形容词和副词的比较级比较级规则一一般加-er e.g.high-higher规则二以结尾加-r nice-nicer规则三以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-erbusy-busier,规则四重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-erfat-fatter,形容词和副词的最高级最高级规则一一般加-este.g.high-highest规则二以结尾加-stnice-nicet规则三以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-estbusy-busiest规则四重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-estfat-fattest7)常见缩写：is=sIam=Imare=reisnot=isnt/iznt/arenot=arent/a:nt/donot=dontdoesnot=doesntwas=sdidnot=didntcannot=canthave=vehas=shavenot=haventhasnot=hasntwill=llwillnot=wontshallnot=shant新概念一共144课，其中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附带有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，从此出展现出整个新概念一教材区别于其他教材的独特之处。以下是对新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和把握上参考和借鉴。首先根据课本中出现的时态来分析：本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，首先我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的具体分布和讲解时我们大家需要注意的递进性。Lesson3134现在进行时Lesson3740第一次出现begoingto的将来时Lesson5156一般现在时Lesson6776为一般过去式Lesson8390为现在完成时Lesson9196为一般将来时(will)Lesson117118过去进行时Lesson119120过去完成时除去前面所有时态和句型所占据的76课我们一起来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应该用什么样的方式来讲解。在这里告诉学员新概念一的每一个单课的重点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。Lesson12语言点：与陌生人说话或引起别人的注意。Excuseme.Yes?Pardon?Thankyouverymuch.语法点：主系表结构this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的肯定回答。Isthisyourhandbag?Yes,itis.Lesson56语言点：如何介绍别人。ThisisMissSophieDupont.Nicetomeetyou.语法点：主语为第三人称单数的主系表结构。SheisFrench.HeisGerman.ItsaVolvo.(L6)a/an的使用。Lesson78语言点：如何自我介绍和相互认识。语法点：主语为第二人称的主系表结构。AreyouFrench?Whatnationalityareyou?Whatsyourjob?特殊疑问句。Lesson910语言点：朋友或熟识的人之间如何相互问候。Howareyou?语法点：主系表结构形容词做表语。介词短语表示位置nearthewindow,onthetelevion,onthewallLesson2930语言点：如何发号命令。语法点：祈使句（肯定）。动词与宾语的固定搭配。Lesson3738语言点：如何表达将要做的事情。语法点：现在进行时态begoingtodo结构表达将要发生的事情。Therebe句型的一般疑问句形式。Lesson41-42语法点：如何表示不可数名词的量。Lesson63-64语言点：建议忠告。语法点：dontdo.YoumustntdoLesson65-66语法点：具体时间表示法(半点和刻钟）。反身代词。具体日期表达方式。Lesson73-74语言点：问路。语法点：不规则动词的过去式。形容词转变成副词。Lesson77-78语言点：看病。语法点：综合时间表达方式。Lesson105-106语言点：办公室用语。语法点：wantsbtodo./tellsbtodo以及其否定形式。Lesson103-104语言点：考试。语法点：宾语从句。（从句部分为非现在时态）程度副词too,very,enoughLesson125-126语言点：/语法点：havetodo/dontneedtodoLesson127-128语言点：娱乐界。语法点：must/cant对现在事