双学位语法6NorminalClause(杜).ppt

LectureSix,1.ErrorAnalysis(2)2.NominalClause(1),.RevisionErrorAnalysis.NewcontentsNominalClause().Assignment,mistake,error,performance,competence,Systematic,wouldoccurinsimilarcontext,systematicorrandom?,Errorsareanintegralpartofinterlanguage.Intheprocessofmasteringatargetlanguage(TL),secondlanguagelearners(L2)developalinguisticsystemwhichisdifferentfromboththelearnersfirstlanguage(L1)andtheTL(Nemser,1971).Thislinguisticsystemhasbeencalledinterlanguage(IL)(Selinker,1972).,ThefieldoferroranalysisinSLAwasestablishedinthe1970sbyS.P.Corder.Errorcanbeclassifiedaccordingtobasictypes:-omission(quantitativedifferences:under-use)Igoshoppingtomorrow.-addition(quantitativedifferences:overuse)Hedoesntknowsme.-substitutionorrelatedtowordorder.Ieverydaybyschoolbuscomehere.,-Errorsmayalsobeclassifiedaccordingtotheleveloflanguage:phonologicalerrors,vocabularyorlexicalerrors,syntacticerrors,andsoon.-Itisgoodtolearnatanothermanscost.Fromnormalstudytoerroranalysis,weshiftourrolefromreceivinginformationtocheckinginformation.,Purposesofdiscussing“erroranalysis”-Toavoidmakingthesameerrors.-Toavoidhandingdowntheseerrorsontoourstudentsorchildren,andtoputtragedyastop.-Toprovideusaspecialangletolookintolearning.,例1Themanisnotayoungman,butthemanisnotold.Heisaboutforty-fourorforty-fiveyearsold.Themanisagood-lookingman:tall,handsome,ratherthin,withdark-brownhairjustbeginningtogogrey.Themanisalwayswell-dressed,butquietlyingoodtaste.redundancy,pronoun,inconsistency汉语倾向用名词重复以使上下文连贯，而英语则倾向于使用代词。中国学生在英文写作中大量重复名词，而少用代词，使作文读起来既不流畅也不精练.,例2：Self-confidenceisveryimportantforus.Withself-confidencewecandowhateverwewantto;withoutself-confidencewecanachievenothing.无明显语法错误,但读起来颇似汉语结构:自信对我们很重要，有了自信我们百事可为;没有自信则一事成.”可改为:Self-confidenceisveryimportantforus.Withitwecandowhateverwewantto,orelsewecanachievenothing.,例3：Peopleshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonhobbiesinordertoavoiddisturbingnormalworkandstudy.汉语中不使用物主代词不会引起误解,读起来也非常自然。然而，在英语中则应加上物主代词。disturbingtheirnormalworkandstudy,ReasonsBehindTheseErrors1.ThinkinginChinesehadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave考查同位语从句。Order决定用虚拟语气。(B)2.Obviouslywedomorningexerciseseverydayusgood.A.that;doB.if;doC.what;doesD.that;doesthat引导从句在句中作主语，从句作主语谓动用单数。(D),3.Itissaidwasallhesaid.A.that;that;thatB.what;what;whatC.that;which;whatD.that;that;whichItssaidthat为固定短语。第二个在从句中作主语，第三个引导定从，先行词是all.(A)4.Ifeelitimportantthattheyfinishtheirowntaskintime.(分析结构）,5Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。（）,思考：*词汇语法题、翻译题或阅读理解中遇到主语从句时，你能很快辨别出来吗？*写作时你能熟练驾驭主语从句吗？*引导主语从句的关联词有哪些？,1.Subjectclause(重点,详讲）定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。构成：关联词+简单句引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词(2)连接代词(3)连接副词,（1）从属连词that和whether（if)如：*Thattheyweresisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.*Thatshedidherbestintheexampleasedherparents.*Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。,（）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever语法能力训练：1）他在会上说的话让在场的人很吃惊。Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.2）哪个队赢得比赛还不清楚。*Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.3）不论谁来都受欢迎。*Whoevercomesiswelcome.,（3）连接副词where，when，how，why.如：语法能力训练：1）Howhebecameafamousmusicianisknowntoall.2)Whenwewillstartisnotclear.3)这事怎样发生的，谁