浏览该文件-proverbs,idiomsands.ppt

Proverbs,IdiomsandSayings,DefinitionofProverb,Sayingsomethingwilloften,orevennormally,producecertainconsequentialeffectsuponthefeelings,thoughts,oractionsoftheaudience,orofthespeaker,orofotherpurposeofproducingthemWeshallcalltheperformanceofanactofthiskindtheperformanceofaperlocutionaryact.,Proverbsandculture,InorderthatEnglishproverbsmaybeutilizedinanappropriatefashionbyChinesespeakersofEnglishitisimportantthatthenon-nativespeakerunderstandtheculturalfoundationbehindthephonological,lexical,andsyntacticstructureofsuchutterances.,DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbs(指令性的和非指令性的谚语),DirectiveactisdescribedbyBachandHarnishas“theactthatexpressthespeakersattitudetowardsomeprospectiveactionbythehearerandhisintentionthathisutterance,ortheattitudeitexpress,betakenasareasonforthehearersaction.”,DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbs,Non-directive:theactthatexpressthespeakersbeliefandhisintentionordesirethatthehearerhaveorformalikebelief.Non-directivescanbefurtherclassifiedintothreecategoriesbasedoncontentorsyntacticform:MoralAphorisms,Homilies,andAphoristicSentences.(非指令性的谚语可以分为有道德寓意的警句、基于常识的格言以及句子结构不完整的警句式的句子),ThemainfeaturesofChineseproverbs,1.theimmensenumber:foralmostallconceivablesituations2.thedistinctiveChinesequality3.thenumberreflectingsocialinequalitiesandthefeelingsofthosedeprivedandoppressed.4.theinfluenceofBuddhismonChinesecustomsandthinking5.focusonsocialharmony,orbrotherhood.,中英文谚语相似的指令性谚语,1.三思而后行Lookbeforeyouleap-WhiletheEnglishproverbisorientedtowardphysicalaction,“leap”and“look”,constitutingthree-dimensionalimagery,theChinesesayingismathematicallylinear:“thrice”andnon-physical:“think”,amorestaticimagery.,2.教不严师之惰（玉不琢不成器）SparetherodandspoilthechildTheoldestversionofthisproverbisintheOldTestamentoftheBible(Proverbs23:34):“Hethatsparethhisrodhatethhisson;buthethatlovethhimchastenthhimbetimes.”SamuelButlerwrotethefollowingcouplet:“Loveisaboybypoetsstyled;/Thensparetherod,andspoilthechild.”,3.夜长梦多Dontcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.4.孤注一掷Dontputallyoureggsinonebasket5.打草惊蛇Letsleepingdogslie.6.今日事今日毕Dontputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.,非指令性谚语,1.物以类聚Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.1绣花枕头Beautyisonlyskindeep.2近朱者赤近墨者黑Cleanlinessisnexttogodliness(Redisnexttoscarlet)3金玉其外败絮其中Allthatglittersisnotgold.4忠厚传家久Charitybeginsathome.5与人方便自己方便Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldntthrowstones,6与人方便自己方便Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldntthrowstones7有胜于无Betterlatethannever.8人多好办事Manyhandsmakelightwork.9这山望着那山高。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.10欲速则不达Hastemakeswaste.11未雨绸缪Astitchintimesavesnine.12生米煮成熟饭Itsfoolishtocryoverspiltmilk.13新官上任三把火Anewbroomsweepsclean.14亲戚远来香邻居高打墙Absencemakestheheartfonder.15雷声大雨点小Abarkingdogseldombites.,16气宽寿长Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.17纸包不住火Wheretheressmoke,theresfire.18不怕慢只怕站不怕站只怕转Arollingstonegathersnomoss.19省了盐酸了酱Pennywise,poundfoolish.,英汉谚语表面相似的例如：,1.gildingthelily锦上添花TheEnglishproverbimpliessth.alreadyfine,goodorbeautifulbyaddingsthinanattempttomakeitbetter.2挂羊头卖狗肉hangupasheepsheadandselldog-meat.Trytopalmoffsth.inferiortowhatitpurportstobe.,Idioms,OfallthedifferentkindsofEnglishidioms,perhapsthehardesttolearnarethosecomprisingthefortyorsomostcommonverbsinvariouscombinationswithaboutadozenprepositionsoradverbslikeup,down,in,out,on,off.Thedifferentmeaningsofsuchcombinationsamounttoseveralhundred,andtheconfusionthattheycauseforthelearnerisimmense.,Beforehegetsthehangofhowtousethemhellmakealotofmistakes.Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter,butthatshouldntputhiminastew.Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings.Youmightsaythatspartofthegame.,受历史文化影响形成的习语,1.航海与美国早期文化Allaboard!请大家上船/上车！runafoulof与相撞，与缠绕/与相抵触；与发生纠葛backandfill船顺流而下时不断调整风帆，使船蜿蜒前行/不断改变立场，朝三暮四burnonesboats自断退路inthesameboat处于同样的命运中,incommission（船舰）服现役的/可以运转的outofcommission（船舰）推出现役的/损坏的hailfrom（船）来自./（人）来自takeinsail卷缩风蓬/抑制雄心；减少活动smoothsailing一帆风顺；轻而易举的事情turnatide（船）逆流而上/反潮流；反抗indeepwaters在困境中inroughwater灾难重重；处于混乱状态pouroilontroubledwaters平息风波/平息怒气,由大海和航行引申出来的词组有：,floatingcapital流动资产floatingmoney游资floatingcargo未到货floatingpopulation流动人口floatingfund浮游资金floatingsupply浮动库存floatinggoods过境货物，在途货物floatingtrade海上贸易floatingisland浮岛，蛋白（蛋羹）floatingvoter无党派投票人floatingloan流动贷款,2.牛仔用语及其引申含义,tenderfoot（西部荒凉地区的）新来者，尚无经验的人horsesense粗浅但实用的知识；常识bitethedust受伤倒下；失败；完蛋；（机器）失灵；蒙受耻辱,3.伐木