外文翻译--孔加工技术发展动向

附 录 Hole processing technological development trend In the machine parts processing work, the hole processing accounts for the proportion quite in a big way, with high speed vi state similar is high speed, the high accuracy drills truncates the processing to propose the agenda, the high efficiency hole processing regarding urges the spare part rationalization of production is the indispensable important technological process. In recent years, the spare part production mostly used take the CNC engine bed as the central production shape, when carried on the hole processing, also mostly used the processing center, the CNC electrical finishing tool and so on the advanced equipment. Regardless of which domain hole processing, the realization high accuracy and is high speed all is obtains the user order form the important competition method. The high speed hole processing uses the processing center (MC) condition The realization hole processing high speed precondition is must use the high speed processing center, but the engine bed is high speed must satisfy the following condition. 1. Provides high speed rotates the main axle The drill bit and the end mill equally have the central tooth, because nearby the central tooth has one kind of circumferential velociy, therefore, cutting speed to high speed development time, the main axle rotational speed also must realize high speed. Specially when use minor diameter drill bit, the main axle is high speed is essential. From now on, along with the hole processing high speed progress, estimated the rotational speed will reach 30,000 100000r/min the main axle demand unceasingly to increase. At the same time, because achieved the stipulation the high speed rotation needs the time to be very short as well as to request Z the main axle swinging radius to be supposed to control to (drill bit direction of cut) in the most mild degree, therefore, the high speed main axle disposition is the realization high speed high accuracy hole processes the essential condition. 2. May move partially has Moved quickly the function The main axle and the work table and so on may move partially should reduce the weight as far as possible, realizes the movement quickly to melt, this also carries on the condition which the high speed hole processing must have. 1 hole process period only needs several seconds, therefore, must reduce between hole and hole the tool time of travel, this realizes the high efficiency cutting key question, solves this question way first namely for to be possible to move the part the movement to have to be nimble quickly. For example, even if has achieved the high accuracy pointing accuracy, but like the engine bed may move the partial movements insufficiently keen quickly, also is impossible the realization high speed hole processing request which satisfies the current user to propose. Usually is (the G value) judges the engine bed with the acceleration characteristic to be possible to move the partial quick performance, when G=0.8 1.5, may judge this engine bed for to have the highly quick performance the processing center. 3.The work table and the engine bed overall area proportion should be smaller Move quickly as the processing center users, they hope workstations and workstations outside of the space occupied by some as possible. Particularly Kong processing these costs are higher and lower value-added processing area, the best use of that structure tight processing center. If Japans high-speed physical-chemical testing of CNC milling machine Institute, the scope for 300mm2 processing, machine tools identity covering 950mm2, machine tools covering about three times the size of her biggest chain, the whole structure rather tight. 45000r/min rotational speed for the main axis milling machine, a high-speed machines can. XY axis orientation for mobile structure (workstations only Z axis movement), its acceleration characteristics value G=1.5 that the quick action of a machine tool functions. 4. The main axle may directly supply the refrigerant In drills truncates in the process, processes L/D (bits Kong diameter and deep over) to have specially to pay attention to the row of filings question in 5 above hole, best selects the belt for the oil hole drill bit, in order to carries on the stable processing. Uses by the main axle c enter supplies refrigerant way, regarding replaces the clamping apparatus the locking bolt then is more convenient. 5. Has the hole processing to insert with the CNC tool makes up the function The CNC cutting characteristic lies in may carry on the inspection tool path the reasonable processing, when carries on the CNC machining to the hole, may use the spiral cutting, high walk knives,to cuts and so on the tool inserts makes up the way, has these functions the CNC control system to be possible to perform in the hole processing to apply. 孔加工技术发展动向 在机械零件加工作业中，孔加工所占比例相当大，与高速铣削相类似的高速、高精度钻削加工已提上议事日程，高效率孔加工对于促使零部件生产合理化是不可或缺的重要工艺过程。近年来，零部件生产大都采用以 CNC 机床为中心的生产形态，进行孔加工时，也大都采用加工中心、 CNC 电加工机床等先进设备。无论哪个领域的孔加工，实现高精度和高速化都是取得用户订单的重要竞争手段。 高速孔加工所用加工中心 (MC)的条件 实现孔加工高速化的先决条件是必须 采用高速加工中心，而机床的高速化必须满足下列条件。 1. 配备高速回转主轴 钻头和立铣刀一样带有中心齿，由于中心齿附近有一种圆周速度，因此，切削速度向高速化发展时，主轴的转速也必须实现高速化。特别是在使用小直径钻头时，主轴的高速化更是不可缺少的。今后，随着孔加工高速化的进展，预计转速达 30000 100000r/min 的主轴需求将不断增多。同时，由于达到规定的高速回转所需时间很短以及要求 Z 向 (钻头切削方向 )主轴伸出长度应控制在最小程度之内，因此，高速主轴的配置是实现高速高精度孔加工不可缺少的条件。 2. 可动部分具有动作敏捷的功能 主轴和工作台等可动部分应尽可能减轻重量，以实现动作快捷化，这也是进行高速孔加工必须具备的条件。 1 个孔的加工时间只需数秒钟，因此，必须缩短孔与孔之间的工具移动时间，这是实现高效率切削的关键问题，解决此问题的途径首先即为可动部件的动作必须灵活快捷。例如，即便达到了高精度的